The document summarizes the emergence and spread of early human civilizations. It describes how Homo sapiens developed larger brains, tools, and weapons and spread out of Africa by 10,000 BCE. Some of the earliest settlements included Jericho in Jordan and Çatal Hüyük in Turkey, which cultivated crops and developed religious shrines. Mesopotamia saw the rise of the first civilization between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers around 4000 BCE, with the Sumerians developing irrigation, city-states, kings, priests, slaves, cuneiform writing, and cultural and scientific achievements. Early Egyptian civilization emerged around 3200 BCE with a centralized government ruled by pharaohs

1. World Civilization

2. Human Civilization
• Homo sapiens sapiens by 10,000 B.C.E.
–Larger brain, tools, weapons
• Paleolithic
–Hunter by Gender division of labor
 Men: hunting, fishing, defense
 Women: gathering, making medicine
–Spread from Africa
World Civilization

3. The Spread of Human Populations,
c. 10,000 B.C.E.

4. The Spread of Agriculture

5. A. Jericho
– Jordan River
 Cultivation of wheat, barley
 Brick houses
B. Çatal Hüyük
– Southern Turkey
 Large complex
 Shrines
The First Towns: Seedbeds of
Civilization

6. • All civilizations
–Cities, food surplus, social structure, religion,
government, writing*
• First civilization develops in
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia

7. • Sumerians c 4000 B.C.E.
–Between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
–Irrigation for farming
• Political and Social Organization
–City-States – state religion & god
–Kings
–Priests
–Slaves
Mesopotamia

8. • Culture and Religion
–Writing
 Cuneiform: stylus on clay tablets
–Gilgamesh – first epic story
–Astronomy
–Numeric system
–Ziggurats – central monumental buildings
–Wheel, plow
Mesopotamia

9. • The Akkadian Empire (1st
empire)
–Sargon I
• The Babylonian Empire
–Hammurabi
 Law Code – “eye for an eye”
Mesopotamia

10. –Civilization emerges by 3200 B.C.E.
 No city states! Egypt is centralized‑
–Government
 Pharaoh – theocracy (religious government)
 Bureaucracy – nonelected government officials
–Hieroglyphic alphabet
 Pictograms
 Papyrus
–Religion
 polytheistic
 Belief in afterlife
Egypt

11. Indian Civilization
• Anatomically modern humans in the
Indian subcontinent is recorded as
long as 75,000 years ago.
• Indus Valley Civilization, was the
first major civilization in South Asia.
• which spread and flourished in the
northwestern part of the Indian
subcontinent from 3300 to 1300
BCE,

12. China Civilization
• History of China can
be found from as early
as 1500 BC
• Yellow River, is said to
be the cradle of
Chinese civilization,
• China is one of the
world's oldest
civilizations

13. China Civilization
• History of China can
be found from as early
as 1500 BC
• Yellow River, is said to
be the cradle of
Chinese civilization,
• China is one of the
world's oldest
civilizations

14. THANK YOU