The document discusses Lev Vygotsky's theories on cognitive development, emphasizing the active role of children as knowledge seekers and the interaction between children and their environment. Key concepts include self-regulation, the zone of proximal development, and scaffolding, which highlight the importance of guidance from teachers and peers in the learning process. Vygotsky also posits that language is crucial for the development of thought and consciousness.

1. Presented by:
Jenina Pauline Cardenas
Mark Francis Astom
BSEd- II

2. Lev Vygotsky


3. Vygotsky believes that…

the child is viewed as
an active seeker of
knowledge;
the child and
environment interact
together enabling
cognitive development
in a culturally adaptive
way;

4. Vygotsky believes that…

the mind is
perceived to be
socially constructed;
the child is born
with basic
attentional,
perceptual and
memory capacities;

5. Vygotsky believes that…

development occurs
as a direct result of
contact with the
environment;
language and
thought develop
independently, but
eventually merge and
interact.

6. Vygotsky believes that…

children must
speak to
themselves in a self
guiding and
directing way-
initially aloud and
later internally

7. 1. Self-Regulation

Development involves the
internalization of signs acquired by
an individual from others so that
he can solve problems by himself

8. 2. Zone of Proximal
Development

refers to the tasks a
child is unable to
complete alone, but is
able to complete with
the assistance of an
adult.

9. 
The teacher gives a
learning experience
for a specific child at a
level just beyond
his/her current level
of performance.

10. 

11. 3. Scaffolding

In order for a child
to learn new
concepts or skills
the teacher must
provide scaffolds
for the learning
experience.

12. 
Like scaffolding on a
building, supports are withdrawn as
individual competence
develops. Scaffolding may include
physical presence and prompts along
with more specific metacognitive
strategies.

13. Educational Implications

Child as an active participant in the learning
process.
Importance of individual difference.
Assist children in discovery.
Teachers should guide learning through
explanation, demonstration and verbal
prompts.

14. 
 Tailor lessons to each child's zone of proximal
development.
 Early childhood – promote teacher/child and
child/child interactions.
 Promote fantasy play.
 Within the learning environment focus on literacy
activities.
 Use prompts, reminders, increase independence,
give information, use cooperative learning and
reciprocal teaching strategies.

15. Vygotsky also believed
that…

Language is the most important tool
for gaining this social knowledge
Children can learn a lot via language

16. “Words play a central part
not only in the development
of thought but in the
historical growth of
consciousness as a whole.”
“The speech structures

17. 