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The document discusses the structure of bacterial cell envelopes. It describes the key components of cell envelopes for gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, and acid-fast bacteria. These components include the peptidoglycan cell wall, teichoic acids, lipoteichoic acids, lipopolysaccharide outer membrane, and mycolic acid layer. It also briefly discusses the structure of bacterial endospores and the process of cell division and sporulation.
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Gram positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and teichoic acids that cause them to appear dark blue when stained. Gram negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides, making them appear pink when stained. The outer membrane of gram negative bacteria contains porins that allow entry of nutrients, while gram positive bacteria lack an outer membrane and porins.
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This document summarizes key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It describes differences in DNA structure, cell membranes, cell walls, organelles, ribosomes and methods of movement. It also discusses different bacterial shapes, structures like flagella, pili and capsules, and how bacterial cell walls are composed of peptidoglycan and confer differences in Gram staining.
Bacterial cell wall
The bacterial cell wall lies outside the cell membrane and provides several key functions for the cell. In gram-positive bacteria, the cell wall is thick and largely composed of peptidoglycan, while in gram-negative bacteria it is thinner with an additional outer membrane. Peptidoglycan is a polymer mesh made of sugars and amino acids that maintains cell shape and integrity. The structures and components of the cell wall help determine how the cell will interact with its environment and respond to antibiotics.
Bacterialcellwall 161031150608
The bacterial cell wall lies outside the cell membrane and provides several key functions for the cell. In gram-positive bacteria, the cell wall is thick and largely composed of peptidoglycan, while in gram-negative bacteria it is thinner with an additional outer membrane. Peptidoglycan is a polymer that forms the mesh-like structure of the cell wall through cross-linking of sugars and amino acids. The cell wall protects the cell, maintains its shape and integrity, and allows attachment of surface structures.
Bacterial cell wall.pptx
Bacterial cell wall is an important topic in various fields related to medical sciences. Hopefully, this ppt will provide the necessary information about bacterial cell wall as a whole.
Microbiology
This document provides information on the classification and structures of prokaryotes. It discusses the key differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, as well as the differences between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria cell walls. The main structures of prokaryotic cells are described, including the cell envelope, flagella, pili, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and internal structures like the chromosome, ribosomes, storage granules, and endospores. Archaea are also introduced as a domain of primitive prokaryotes that lack peptidoglycan and have ether-linked membrane lipids.
Presentation 4
The document summarizes key aspects of bacterial cell walls and membranes. It describes the composition and functions of the cell wall in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall provides structure, protects the cell, and allows for shape determination and attachment of structures like flagella. It can also contribute to pathogenicity and be targeted by antibiotics. The plasma membrane encloses the cytoplasm and acts as a selective barrier controlling the movement of materials into and out of the cell through passive and active transport processes.
BACTERIAL CELL WALL
The document summarizes the key differences between gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial cell walls. Gram-positive bacterial cell walls are thicker and composed primarily of peptidoglycan, which gives rigidity and shape to the cell. They also contain teichoic acids. Gram-negative bacterial cell walls are more complex, with a thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by an outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharides and proteins. This outer membrane serves as a selective barrier and provides permeability via porin channels.
BACTERIAL CELL WALL.pptx
1. Bacterial Cell Wall
2. CELL WALL The cell wall is the outer most layer of the cell. In many cases the cell wall comes in direct contact with the environment. Function • Protection of the cell. • Maintains the shapes of the cell. • Maintains the osmotic integrity of the cell.
3. • Assist some cells in attaching to other cells or in eluding antimicrobial drugs. • Not present in animal cells, so can target cell wall of bacteria with antibiotics. • Providing attachment sites for bacteriophages. • Play an essential role in cell division. • Providing a rigid platform for surface appendages- flagella, fimbriae and pili.
4. Bacterial classification
5. Peptidoglycan • Peptidoglycan, also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the cell membrane of most bacteria forming the cell wall. • The sugar component consists of alternating residues of β-(1,4) linked N-acetylglucosamine and N- acetylmuramic acid. • These subunits which are related to glucose in their structure are covalently joined to one another to form glycan chains.
6. • Attached to the N-acetylmuramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids. The peptide chain can be cross-linked to the peptide chain of another strand forming the peptidoglycan.
7. Peptidoglycan structure
8. Peptidoglycan structure
9. Gram Positive Cell wall • Usually thick, homogenous, composed mainly of peptidoglycan. • It accounts for 50-90% of the dry weight of the cell wall. • Contain large amount of teichoic acids (polymers of glycerol or ribitol joined by phosphate group).
10. Special components of Gram positive cell wall Teichoic acid
11. Teichoic acid • Teichoic acids are connected to either peptidoglycan or to plasma membrane lipids. • Absent in gram negative bacteria. Function of Teichoic Acid: . Antigenic determinant (receptor molecule for bacteriophages). . Participate in the supply of Mg to the cell by binding Mg++ . Regulate normal cell division. For most part, protein is not found as a constituent of the G+ cell wall except M protein on group streptococci.
12. Gram Negative Cell Wall • Multi layered and more complex than Gram positive cell walls. • Peptidoglycan of gram negative bacteria is thin and comprises only 10% or less of cell wall. • Outer membrane lies outside the thin peptidoglycan layer. • Most abundant protein is Braun’s lipoprotein.
13. Special components of Gram negative cell wall
14. Periplasm: • The region between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane is filled with a gel-like fluid called periplasm. • In gram negative bacteria, all secreted proteins are contained within the periplasm, unless they are specifically translocated across the outer membrane. • Periplasm is filled with the proteins that are involved in various cellular activities, including nutrient degradation and transport.
15. Outer membrane • Peptidoglycan layer is surrounded by outer membrane in the gram negative bacteria. • Its outside leaflet i
structure and function of the cell envelope of gram negative bacteria.
The document summarizes the structure and function of the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. It discusses three main layers: (1) the cytoplasmic or inner membrane composed of phospholipids, proteins and carbohydrates, (2) the peptidoglycan cell wall composed of polysaccharides and cross-linked peptide chains, and (3) the outer membrane containing phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides and porin proteins. Between the inner and outer membranes is the periplasmic space containing the peptidoglycan layer and degradative enzymes. The cell envelope protects bacteria from their environment while allowing selective transport of molecules.
Similar to vsv4 (20)
structure and function of the cell envelope of gram negative bacteria.
structure and function of the cell envelope of gram negative bacteria.
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- 1. Dr. Alvin Fox The external layers of vegetative cells and spores
- 2. KEY WORDS Cell envelope Teichoic acid Cell wall Teichuronic acid Cell membrane Lipoteichoic acid Outer membrane Mycolic acid Peptidoglycan Undecaprenol (bactoprenol) Braun lipoprotein Endospore (spore) Porins Cell division Lipopolysaccharide
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- 10. Peptidoglycan Muramic acid Glucosamine L-alanine D-glutamic acid L-lysine/Diaminopimelic acid D-alanine D-alanine
- 14. Gram Positive Cell Envelope Cytoplasm Lipoteichoic acid Peptidoglycan-teichoic acid Cytoplasmic membrane r r r r r r r r r r
- 18. Gram Negative Cell Envelope Cytoplasm Inner (cytoplasmic) membrane Outer Membrane Lipopolysaccharide Porin Braun lipoprotein Peptidoglycan
- 19. Acid Fast Cell Envelope Cytoplasm Peptidoglycan-mycolic acid-arabinogalactan Cytoplasmic membrane Mycolic acid lipids r r r r r r r r r r
- 20. Peptidoglycan synthesis Cytoplasm Cell wall undecaprenol sugar amino acid Cell Membrane 1 2 3
- 24. Vegetative cell division Sporulation
- 25. The endospore cortex exosporium coat Inner membrane outer membrane