BACTERIAL CELL WALL.pptx
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1. Bacterial Cell Wall 2. CELL WALL The cell wall is the outer most layer of the cell. In many cases the cell wall comes in direct contact with the environment. Function • Protection of the cell. • Maintains the shapes of the cell. • Maintains the osmotic integrity of the cell. 3. • Assist some cells in attaching to other cells or in eluding antimicrobial drugs. • Not present in animal cells, so can target cell wall of bacteria with antibiotics. • Providing attachment sites for bacteriophages. • Play an essential role in cell division. • Providing a rigid platform for surface appendages- flagella, fimbriae and pili. 4. Bacterial classification 5. Peptidoglycan • Peptidoglycan, also known as murein, is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that forms a mesh-like layer outside the cell membrane of most bacteria forming the cell wall. • The sugar component consists of alternating residues of β-(1,4) linked N-acetylglucosamine and N- acetylmuramic acid. • These subunits which are related to glucose in their structure are covalently joined to one another to form glycan chains. 6. • Attached to the N-acetylmuramic acid is a peptide chain of three to five amino acids. The peptide chain can be cross-linked to the peptide chain of another strand forming the peptidoglycan. 7. Peptidoglycan structure 8. Peptidoglycan structure 9. Gram Positive Cell wall • Usually thick, homogenous, composed mainly of peptidoglycan. • It accounts for 50-90% of the dry weight of the cell wall. • Contain large amount of teichoic acids (polymers of glycerol or ribitol joined by phosphate group). 10. Special components of Gram positive cell wall Teichoic acid 11. Teichoic acid • Teichoic acids are connected to either peptidoglycan or to plasma membrane lipids. • Absent in gram negative bacteria. Function of Teichoic Acid: . Antigenic determinant (receptor molecule for bacteriophages). . Participate in the supply of Mg to the cell by binding Mg++ . Regulate normal cell division. For most part, protein is not found as a constituent of the G+ cell wall except M protein on group streptococci. 12. Gram Negative Cell Wall • Multi layered and more complex than Gram positive cell walls. • Peptidoglycan of gram negative bacteria is thin and comprises only 10% or less of cell wall. • Outer membrane lies outside the thin peptidoglycan layer. • Most abundant protein is Braun’s lipoprotein. 13. Special components of Gram negative cell wall 14. Periplasm: • The region between the cytoplasmic membrane and the outer membrane is filled with a gel-like fluid called periplasm. • In gram negative bacteria, all secreted proteins are contained within the periplasm, unless they are specifically translocated across the outer membrane. • Periplasm is filled with the proteins that are involved in various cellular activities, including nutrient degradation and transport. 15. Outer membrane • Peptidoglycan layer is surrounded by outer membrane in the gram negative bacteria. • Its outside leaflet i
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Chapter 3 Bacterial Morphology
This presentation discusses the variety of bacteria based on their shapes, envelope structure, projecting structures and cytoplasmic membrane with corresponding representatives
cell wall of bacteria
The bacterial cell wall provides structural integrity and determines cell shape. It is located outside the cytoplasmic membrane and is composed of peptidoglycan and teichoic acid. Peptidoglycan is responsible for the rigidity of the cell wall and consists of sugars and amino acids that form a mesh-like layer. Bacteria are classified as Gram-positive or Gram-negative based on their cell wall structure. Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer that makes up 90% of the cell wall, while Gram-negative bacteria have an additional outer membrane with lipopolysaccharides.
Presentation 4
The document summarizes key aspects of bacterial cell walls and membranes. It describes the composition and functions of the cell wall in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The cell wall provides structure, protects the cell, and allows for shape determination and attachment of structures like flagella. It can also contribute to pathogenicity and be targeted by antibiotics. The plasma membrane encloses the cytoplasm and acts as a selective barrier controlling the movement of materials into and out of the cell through passive and active transport processes.
Bacterial cell structure and functions.pptx
Bacterial cell structures and functions for students of microbiology, pathology
Mbbs and doctor of pharmacy students.
Bacterial cell wall
The bacterial cell wall lies outside the cell membrane and provides several key functions for the cell. In gram-positive bacteria, the cell wall is thick and largely composed of peptidoglycan, while in gram-negative bacteria it is thinner with an additional outer membrane. Peptidoglycan is a polymer mesh made of sugars and amino acids that maintains cell shape and integrity. The structures and components of the cell wall help determine how the cell will interact with its environment and respond to antibiotics.
Bacterialcellwall 161031150608
The bacterial cell wall lies outside the cell membrane and provides several key functions for the cell. In gram-positive bacteria, the cell wall is thick and largely composed of peptidoglycan, while in gram-negative bacteria it is thinner with an additional outer membrane. Peptidoglycan is a polymer that forms the mesh-like structure of the cell wall through cross-linking of sugars and amino acids. The cell wall protects the cell, maintains its shape and integrity, and allows attachment of surface structures.
2- bacteriology.pptx a long descriptive information about bacteria
This document provides information on bacterial morphology, classification, and staining methods. It begins by classifying cells as either prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Bacteria are defined as unicellular prokaryotes that lack nuclei and organelles. Bacterial cells range in size from 0.1-5 micrometers. The document goes on to describe differences between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including their cell wall structures. Key cellular components like peptidoglycan, teichoic acids, lipopolysaccharide, and external structures such as pili, fimbriae, and flagella are also discussed.
Introduction of Microbiology
its brief introduction of microbiology and microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites
cell biology, cell theory, bacterial cell
The document summarizes key information about cell biology. It discusses how Robert Hooke first observed cells and coined the term in 1665. It then outlines the modern cell theory which states that all living things are made up of cells, cells arise from pre-existing cells, and cells contain DNA. The document also provides details on bacterial cell walls, differences between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, bacterial cell structures like the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleoid, and plasmids. Finally, it briefly discusses the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane proposed in 1972.
Bacterial structure
This document discusses the structure of bacteria. It describes the key components of the bacterial cell including the cell wall, cytoplasm, and structures outside the cell wall like capsules and flagella. It compares and contrasts gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls. Key differences include thickness, composition, presence of an outer membrane, and lipopolysaccharides. Functions of the cell wall in providing shape and protecting the cell are also noted.
Bacterial morphology and classification
Bacteria have a variety of shapes and structures. They are classified based on their cellular organization as either prokaryotes or eukaryotes. Bacterial cells have an outer cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane. The cell wall provides shape and rigidity, while the membrane encloses the cytoplasm. Gram-positive bacteria have a thicker peptidoglycan layer in their cell wall compared to Gram-negatives. Some bacteria possess flagella for motility, pili for adhesion, capsules for protection, and can form spores as resistant structures. Bacterial morphology and structures are important for classification, function, and pathogenesis.
Bacteria Structure.pptx
Bacteria cells range in size from 0.75 to 3.0 micrometers. Their shape can be spherical, rod-shaped, spiral or pleomorphic. The cell envelope consists of an outer glycocalyx layer, cell wall and cell membrane. The cell wall provides structure and rigidity, and its composition differs between gram-positive (thick peptidoglycan layer) and gram-negative (thin peptidoglycan layer with an outer membrane) bacteria. The cytoplasm contains ribosomes, inclusion bodies and the nucleoid which contains the bacterial DNA. Plasmids are small DNA molecules that provide additional traits. Flagella aid in bacterial movement.
Bacterial cell wall.pptx
Bacterial cell wall is an important topic in various fields related to medical sciences. Hopefully, this ppt will provide the necessary information about bacterial cell wall as a whole.
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dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
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BACTERIAL CELL WALL.pptx
- 1. BACTERIAL CELL WALL NAME : NISHA R REG NO : BP211511 SUBJECT : GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL DIVERSITY DATE : 15/11/2021 TITLE : BACTERIAL CELL WALL OF GRAM POSITIVE AND GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA SUBMITTED TO : Dr.P. SARANRAJ
- 2. GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIAL CELL WALL Cell wall is present outside the Cell membrane. Cell wall acts as a backbone of cell and gives shape and rigidity to the cell. Bacterial cell wall confers Osmotic protection from toxic substances and Gram staining characteristics. The cell walls of almost all the bacteria is made up of Peptidoglycan, also called murein or mucopeptide cell wall. It is found only in Prokaryotes The Peptidoglycan consists of two components viz., (i) Peptide portion which is composed of Amino acids connected by Peptide linkages and (ii) Glycan or Sugar portion.
- 3. The Glycan portion, which forms the backbone of Peptidoglycan, is composed alternating units of amino sugars N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG) and N-acetyl-muramic acid (NAM) joined together by β-1,4 glycosidic linkages. The peptidoglycan chains are laterally liked by short chains of four amino acids which are attached to NAM residues. The four amino acids of this Tetrapeptide are D-alanine, L- alanina, D- glutamic acid and L-lysine. The Tetrapeptide chains are also interlinked by a Peptide bridge (Polypeptide linkage chains).
- 4. GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIAL CELL WALL
- 5. A Model Of The Constitution Of Gram Positive Bacterial Cell Wall
- 6. Teichoic acid, an acidic polymer consisting of a Carbohydrate (e.g., glucose), Phosphate and Alcohol is found in cell walls of Gram +ve bacteria. There are two classes of Teichoic acids. They are (i) Wall teichoic acid and (ii) Lipoteichoic acid. Teichoic acid has several functions such as binding metals, action as receptor sites for some viruses and maintaining cells at low pH to prevent degradation of cell walls by self-produced enzymes.
- 7. GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIAL CELL WALL The cell walls of Gram negative bacteria are much more complex. The peptidoglycan layer of Gram negative bacteria is very thin making up only 10 % or less of the cell wall. The Outer membrane is a thin, bilayered structure consisting chiefly of Phospholipids, Proteins and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
- 8. The Outer membrane serves as a barrier to prevent the escape of important enzymes from the Periplasmic space. The permeability of Outer membrane to nutrients is provided by proteins called Porins which form channels in the membrane thought which substances of hydrophilic nature and low molecular weight can diffuse. The space between the Cytoplasmic membrane and the Outer membrane is called Periplasmic space. The Periplasmic space prevents the entry of various chemicals that could damage the cell. It also acts as main surface antigen in cell wall.
- 9. GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIAL CELL WALL