This document provides an overview of vocational training at the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) power plant in Singrauli, Madhya Pradesh, India. It describes the key components of the plant including cooling towers, pumps, compressors, boilers, turbines, generators, fans, the coal handling process, and fly ash brick production. The training experience at NTPC is concluded to be beneficial for learning about power plant operations and construction from experienced staff.

1. VOCATIONAL TRAINING
AT
(NATIONAL THERMAL POWER CORPORATION)
Prepared by-
Vivek Singh
11702662
Programe-B.Tech.(Mech. Hons.)

2. CONTENTS:-
*Introduction to NTPC
*Working process of NTPC
*Cooling Towers
*CW Pumps
*Compressors
*Boiler
*Turbine
*Generator
*Types of Fan used
*Coal Handling Plant(CHP)
*Fly Ash Brick

3. About NTPC Ltd.
 Vindhyachal Thermal Power Station is located in
Singrauli district of Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
One of NTPC's coal-based power stations, it is India's
largest powerhouse with an installed capacity of
4760 MW. Coal is obtained from Nigahi mines for the
power plant, and the water source gets the discharge
canal of Singrauli Super Thermal Power Station.
Vindhyachal STPP was built as a pit head coal-based
super thermal power plant for capacity of 3260 MW
(6X210 MW + 2x500 MW + 2x500 MW) for which the
land was acquired during the stage-I of the project. .
The work of Phase I, II and III is going on in six units
of 210 MW (Stage-1), two units of 500 MW (stage2)
and two units of 500 MW (Stage 3).

6. Cooling tower:-
*The cooling tower is used to cool the steam and convert it to the
water for reuse because the steam which is released after the L.p.
turbine can not be used again before cooling it as the property of water
of steam changes due to extreme heating.
*Remove heat from the water discharged from the condenser so that the
water can be discharged to the river or re circulated and re used .

7. CW Pumps -
*CW pumps are used to circulate cooling water or circulating water
through the condenser tubes.
*Inside the condenser the phase conversion of saturated steam takes
place.
*During this phase conversion lot of latent heat is released which is
absorbed by the cooling water supplied by CW pumps.
* After absorbing the heat ,cooling water is passed through the natural
draft cooling tower. There it releases heat naturally.
* After that cooling water is again used in the cycle by CW pumps.

8. Compressors-
Screw type compressor-
It contains basically two rotating screws in opposite direction to each other.
And while Rotating, it sucks air into the chamber and due to rotation of both
screws in opposite direction , sucked air gets compressed and sends it to the
outlet for the further use.
Main parts used-
Rotors/Rollers
Compressor cylinder
Air filter
Oil filter
Bearings
Suction valve
Discharge valve
Motor
Storage tank
Separator

9. Boiler:-
It is a large tube like structure of different metal alloy.
A boiler is a closed vessel in which water is converted into steam by
utilizing the heat of coal combustion .
Steam boilers are broadly classified into two types:
a) water tube boilers b) fire tube boilers
NTPC mainly uses the water tube boilers .
In water tube boilers water flows through tubes and the hot gases for
the combustion flows over the tubes .

10. Turbine:-
* A turbine is rotary mechanical device that extarcts energy from fluid
flow and converts it into usefull work.
* It consists one moving part called a rotor assembly .
* Steam turbines are used for the generation of electricity in thermal
power plants.
* In thermal power plants turbine is sub devided into three parts:
High presuure turbine
Indicated pressure turbine
Low pressure turbine

11. Turbine:-

12. Generator:-
An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy
to electrical energy.
it is based upon the principle of electromagnetic induction
Generator provides nearly all of the power for electric power grids.

14. Types of fan used:-
There are mainly three types of fan used :-
Primary Fan:-
These types of fan are used to lift pulverised coal from mill to furnace of boiler.
Primary fans carries cold and hot air both for preventing formation of lumps so it
can not cause choke of pipes carrying pulverised coal.
Cold air insures that the coal is nt burnt in carrying process.
Forced draught fan (F.D. fan):-
It provides air to coal in the furnace for proper burning of under sufficient
quantity of air.
The air supplied is also called as secondary air.

15. The quantity of secondary air is decided by amount of co
and co2 In the flue gases.
The F.D. fan also carry both cold and hot air.
Induced draught fan (I.D. fan):-
I.d. fan is used to transport the flue gases to the chimney.
The aim of I.d. fan is to maintain the pressure inside the
furnace so that fuel burnt constantly and efficiently.

16. Coal handling plant:-
First of all the coal from coal mines is loaded in trains and transported to
the plant and dumped in an area from where it is it is used for various
operation.
Now the coal from stackyard area is transported to the crusher house with
the help of conveyer belt for crushing into smaller pieces for proper burning
and full utilization of energy which is obtained by burning of coal.
After crushing of coal, it is transported to the mill and crushed into powdered
form in it to feed the fuel to the furnace for continuous burning.
About 70 metric tons of coal comes per day from coal mines to NTPC plant.

18. Pulverizing plant
• In modern thermal power plant , coal is pulverised i.e.
ground to dust like size and carried to the furnace in a
stream of hot air.
• Pulverizing is done in pulverizing mill.
• Pulverizing mill is further classified in three types:
Contact mill
Ball mill
Impact mill

19. Ash Handling plant
• The percentage of ash in coal varies from 5% in good
quality coal to about 40% in poor quality coal.
• Power plants generally of coal, thus amount of ash
produced by it pretty large .
• A modern 2000MW plant produces about 5000 tons of
ash daily.

20. FLY ASH BRICK:-
Fly ash bricks are the building unit of construction work made from ash,
sand cement and water.
•These are light in weight .
•These are cheap and easy to construct.
•These have good strength than clay brick.
•Ash released due to burning of coal is utilised which is also helpful from
environment point of view.
Composition of fly ash brick:-
Ash – 57%
Sand – 34%
Ordinary portland Cement -9%

22. Conclusion:-
1)The training experience at n.t.p.c is good.
2)I have learned a lot of things of construction which help
me in future.
3) In this 30 days i came in contact with experienced
person who helps me lot to achieve my goals and provide
proper guidance to me.
4)The staff was very polite and helpful.