The document provides information about Vikas Kr. Singh's summer training at the NTPC power plant in Dadri. It discusses the key details of the power plant, including its installed capacity of 2642 MW from thermal, gas, and solar sources. It describes the basic working of the thermal power generation process, from coal handling to power generation in the turbine and generator. It also summarizes the functions of important components in the plant like the boiler, turbine, condenser, cooling tower, and switchyard equipment.
NTPC Dadri power plant has an installed capacity of 2642 MW including 1820 MW from thermal units and 817 MW from gas units. It sources coal from Piparwara mine in Jharkhand and water from Upper Ganga Canal. The basic processes include coal handling, combustion in boilers to produce steam, steam passing through turbines to generate electricity, and condensation of steam in condensers. Key components are coal handling plant, boilers, turbines, condensers, cooling towers, ESPs for emissions control, and chimney. Fly ash is a byproduct that is used in construction materials.
Ntpc dadri thermal power plant & switchyardI.E.T. lucknow
The document provides information about a summer training program at the NTPC power plant in Dadri, India. It discusses the installed capacity of the plant, which includes 1820 MW of thermal capacity and 817 MW of gas capacity. It then describes the various components and processes within the thermal power station, including the coal handling plant, boiler, turbine, condenser, cooling tower, and electrical equipment. It also provides a brief overview of the switchyard station and some of its key electrical components.
Ppt on ntpc dadri created vikas gujjar(IET lko)Vikas Gurjer
This document provides an overview of the NTPC Dadri power plant in India. It has a total generation capacity of 2642 MW from thermal, gas, and solar sources. The Dadri plant has several unique features, including being the largest gas station and dry ash handling plant in Asia. The document then describes the key components and processes within a thermal power plant, including the coal handling plant, boiler, turbine, generator, and ash handling plant. Block diagrams depict the overall power generation process from coal to electricity.
This document provides an overview of NTPC Dadri power plant located in India. It summarizes that NTPC Dadri has a total installed capacity of 2655 MW consisting of 1820 MW from coal, 830 MW from gas, and 5 MW from solar. It also describes the basic working of the steam power generation process used at the coal-fired units. Key components discussed include the boiler, turbine, condenser, and cooling towers. Details are provided about the coal and gas supplies as well as the ash handling and solar power facilities at NTPC Dadri.
This document provides information about a presentation on summer training at the NTPC Dadri power plant. It discusses details about NTPC, including that it is India's largest power producer. It also provides specifics about the NTPC Dadri plant, including its total generation capacity of 2637 MW from coal and gas plants. The document then describes the various processes and equipment involved in thermal power generation, including coal handling, boiling, steam generation, power production via turbines and generators, and ash handling.
The document provides information about Emam Raza's summer training experience at the National Thermal Power Plant in Dadri, India. It discusses the key aspects of the power plant including its capacity of 2642 MW from thermal, gas, and solar sources. It describes the basic processes involved in electricity generation from coal including the coal handling system, boiler, turbine, condenser, and other important equipment. The document also provides details about NTPC as a company, the transportation and characteristics of coal used at the plant, working of various sections, and uses of coal ash.
HARDUAGANJ THERMAL POWER STATION TRAINING REPORT BY GEETESH 8800980200GEETESH SHARMA
The Harduaganj Thermal Power Station in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India has a total installed capacity of 665 MW from three units. It uses steam to generate electricity, with coal burned in a boiler to heat water and produce high-pressure steam that drives turbines connected to generators. The plant's last 250 MW unit began operation in June 2012. Thermal power stations convert the chemical energy in coal into electrical energy through the use of steam turbines.
The document provides an overview of the Panipat Thermal Power Station located in Haryana, India. It discusses the key elements of a thermal power station including coal handling, the steam generation process, turbines, generators, condensers, cooling towers and switchyards. The power station uses coal to produce steam that drives turbines connected to generators to produce 1367.7 MW of electricity for Haryana. In conclusion, it notes that Panipat Thermal is the largest power plant in Haryana.
NTPC Dadri power plant has an installed capacity of 2642 MW including 1820 MW from thermal units and 817 MW from gas units. It sources coal from Piparwara mine in Jharkhand and water from Upper Ganga Canal. The basic processes include coal handling, combustion in boilers to produce steam, steam passing through turbines to generate electricity, and condensation of steam in condensers. Key components are coal handling plant, boilers, turbines, condensers, cooling towers, ESPs for emissions control, and chimney. Fly ash is a byproduct that is used in construction materials.
Ntpc dadri thermal power plant & switchyardI.E.T. lucknow
The document provides information about a summer training program at the NTPC power plant in Dadri, India. It discusses the installed capacity of the plant, which includes 1820 MW of thermal capacity and 817 MW of gas capacity. It then describes the various components and processes within the thermal power station, including the coal handling plant, boiler, turbine, condenser, cooling tower, and electrical equipment. It also provides a brief overview of the switchyard station and some of its key electrical components.
Ppt on ntpc dadri created vikas gujjar(IET lko)Vikas Gurjer
This document provides an overview of the NTPC Dadri power plant in India. It has a total generation capacity of 2642 MW from thermal, gas, and solar sources. The Dadri plant has several unique features, including being the largest gas station and dry ash handling plant in Asia. The document then describes the key components and processes within a thermal power plant, including the coal handling plant, boiler, turbine, generator, and ash handling plant. Block diagrams depict the overall power generation process from coal to electricity.
This document provides an overview of NTPC Dadri power plant located in India. It summarizes that NTPC Dadri has a total installed capacity of 2655 MW consisting of 1820 MW from coal, 830 MW from gas, and 5 MW from solar. It also describes the basic working of the steam power generation process used at the coal-fired units. Key components discussed include the boiler, turbine, condenser, and cooling towers. Details are provided about the coal and gas supplies as well as the ash handling and solar power facilities at NTPC Dadri.
This document provides information about a presentation on summer training at the NTPC Dadri power plant. It discusses details about NTPC, including that it is India's largest power producer. It also provides specifics about the NTPC Dadri plant, including its total generation capacity of 2637 MW from coal and gas plants. The document then describes the various processes and equipment involved in thermal power generation, including coal handling, boiling, steam generation, power production via turbines and generators, and ash handling.
The document provides information about Emam Raza's summer training experience at the National Thermal Power Plant in Dadri, India. It discusses the key aspects of the power plant including its capacity of 2642 MW from thermal, gas, and solar sources. It describes the basic processes involved in electricity generation from coal including the coal handling system, boiler, turbine, condenser, and other important equipment. The document also provides details about NTPC as a company, the transportation and characteristics of coal used at the plant, working of various sections, and uses of coal ash.
HARDUAGANJ THERMAL POWER STATION TRAINING REPORT BY GEETESH 8800980200GEETESH SHARMA
The Harduaganj Thermal Power Station in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India has a total installed capacity of 665 MW from three units. It uses steam to generate electricity, with coal burned in a boiler to heat water and produce high-pressure steam that drives turbines connected to generators. The plant's last 250 MW unit began operation in June 2012. Thermal power stations convert the chemical energy in coal into electrical energy through the use of steam turbines.
The document provides an overview of the Panipat Thermal Power Station located in Haryana, India. It discusses the key elements of a thermal power station including coal handling, the steam generation process, turbines, generators, condensers, cooling towers and switchyards. The power station uses coal to produce steam that drives turbines connected to generators to produce 1367.7 MW of electricity for Haryana. In conclusion, it notes that Panipat Thermal is the largest power plant in Haryana.
SUMMER TRAINING AT NTPC DADRI GAS SECTIONAMIT KUMAR
The document provides an overview of NTPC, India's largest power company, and details about gas power plants and combined cycle power plants. It describes the key components and processes, including gas turbines, heat recovery steam generators, steam turbines, and the Brayton and Rankine cycles. Specifically, it explains how compressed air is heated in a gas turbine to drive a generator, before its waste heat is used to generate high pressure steam to drive a steam turbine. Together, the gas and steam turbines can produce up to 600 megawatts of electricity in a combined cycle configuration. The document also outlines NTPC's emissions controls and cooling systems to reduce environmental impacts.
The document provides information about the generation of thermal power at NTPC Dadri power plant. It discusses how coal is burned in boilers to generate high pressure steam which is used to spin turbines connected to generators to produce electricity. The key components of the thermal power plant discussed are the boiler, turbine, condenser, cooling towers and electrical equipment like transformers. It also describes the coal handling process and techniques used to handle ash waste from coal combustion like electrostatic precipitators.
presentation on one month summer training at NTPC Dadriraghav dagar
NTPC Dadri is a coal and gas-fired power station located in India. It has a total installed capacity of 2,642 MW from coal, gas, and solar power. An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is used to remove particulate pollutants from the flue gases of thermal power plants like NTPC Dadri. An ESP works by charging particles using corona discharge and collecting them on oppositely charged plates. Periodically, the collected particles are removed from the plates through rapping or water spraying to maintain continuous cleaning of the flue gases.
The document provides an overview of thermal power generation. It discusses the need for thermal power, the basic working principles, and classifications by fuel and prime mover. The key steps in the thermal power generation process include heating water to create steam, using the steam to power a turbine connected to a generator to produce electricity, and then condensing the steam to be reused. Thermal power plants have advantages of using widely available fuels but have lower efficiency and higher emissions than other generation methods. Improving plant efficiency and reducing emissions are important areas of ongoing research and development.
This document provides an overview and technical details of Gagandeep Singh's 6-week industrial training at the Parichha Thermal Power Plant (PTPP) in Jhansi, India. It includes an introduction to the power plant, salient features, technical data on the 110MW plant including specifications for the boiler, turbine, and other main equipment. It also discusses the boiler maintenance division where Gagandeep completed their training and acknowledges those who supported the training experience.
Summer training report at uttpar pradesh rajay viduat utpadan nigam ...Navin Pathak
The document summarizes a summer training report submitted by a student at the Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidhyut Utpadan Nigam Limited thermal power plant in Anpara, Sonebhadra, India. The report provides an overview of the power plant, including its layout, products like electricity and ash, and the production process. It also includes a chronological training diary of the student's activities during the summer, such as familiarizing with the plant components and studying the turbines. The production process follows the Rankine cycle, where coal is combusted to produce steam that drives the turbine and generates electricity.
This document summarizes the author's summer training at the Panki Thermal Power Station in Kanpur, India. It discusses the process of electricity generation through steam at the power plant. The plant uses coal as its fuel, which is handled through various processes before being fired to generate high-pressure steam. This steam then spins turbines connected to generators to produce electricity. The document outlines the various units involved, including coal handling, water treatment to produce boiler feed water, and maintenance of the boilers and turbines.
In India 65% of total power is generated by the Thermal Power Stations . Main parts of the plant are 1. Coal conveyor 2. Pulverizer 3.Boiler 4. Coal ash 5. Air preheater 7. Electrostatic precipitator 8. Smoke stack 9. Turbine 10. Condenser 11. Transformers 12. Cooling towers 13. Generator 14. High votge power lines
BASIC OPERATION : A thermal power plant basically works on Rankine cycle . COAL CONVEYOR : This is a belt type of arrangement.With this coal is transported from coal storage place in power plant to the place near by boiler.
STOKER : The coal which is brought near by boiler has to put in boiler furnance for combustion. This stoker is a mechanical device for feeding coal to a furnace. PULVERIZER : The coal is put in the boiler after pulverization.For this pulverizer is used. A pulverizer is a device for grinding coal for combustion in a furnace in a power plant .An impact mill is used for this purpose.
BOILER : pulverized coal is put in boiler furnance in which water is heated and circulated until the water is turned in to steam at the required pressure. Coal is burned inside the combustion chamber of boiler. These gases which are at high temperature vaporize the water inside the boiler to steam.
SUPERHEATER : Superheater is a component of a steam-generating unit in which steam, after it has left the boiler drum, is heated above its saturation temperature. The amount of superheat added to the steam is influenced by the location, arrangement, and amount of superheater surface installed, as well as the rating of the boiler Superheaters are classified as convection , radiant or combination of these.
REHEATER : .Reheater is also steam boiler component in which heat is added to this intermediate-pressure steam, which has given up some of its energy in expansion through the high-pressure turbine. The steam after reheating is used to rotate the second steam turbine where the heat is converted to mechanical energy.
CONDENSER : Steam after rotating steam turbine comes to condenser. Condenser refers here to the shell and tube heat exchanger installed at the outlet of every steam turbine in Thermal power stations. These condensers are heat exchangers which convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid state. In so doing, the latent heat of steam is given out inside the condenser .
COOLING TOWERS : The condensate water after condensation is initially at high temperature. This hot water is passed to cooling towers. It is a tower in which atmospheric air circulates in direct or indirect contact with warmer water and the water is thereby cooled. Water, acting as the heat-transfer fluid, gives up heat to atmospheric air, and thus cooled, is recirculated through the system.
ECONOMISER : Flue gases coming out of the boiler carry lot of heat. Function of economiser is to recover some of the heat from the heat carried away in the flue gases up the chimney and utilize for heating the feed water to the boiler. It is placed in the passage
The document discusses different types of power plants in Pakistan including thermal, hydroelectric, nuclear, and others. Thermal power plants currently make up around 60% of Pakistan's electricity generation capacity, with various advantages like lower fuel costs but also disadvantages like pollution, large water usage, and high operating costs. The document provides statistics on Pakistan's current and projected energy supply and demand, the breakdown of power consumption by sector, and details on major existing and planned power generation facilities in the country.
NTPC operates a thermal power plant in Shaktinagar, Uttar Pradesh with an installed capacity of 2000 MW. The plant uses coal from the nearby Jayant mines to fuel its boilers and generate steam, which powers steam turbines that are coupled to generators to produce electricity. Water for the plant is sourced from the Rihand Reservoir. The plant has 7 units of varying sizes that generate electricity for distribution to several states in northern India. An industrial training presentation was given on the functioning of the key components in the thermal power generation process at this plant.
This document is a seminar report submitted by Mukesh Kumar for partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering. It discusses thermal power plants, including an overview of their operation and efficiency, descriptions of typical components like boilers and steam cycles, and examples of power plants located in India with a focus on those in Rajasthan. The document received certification from internal and external examiners for Mukesh Kumar's seminar work on the topic of thermal power plants.
This document provides information about various components of a thermal power plant. It discusses the different sources that contribute to India's total installed power capacity. It then describes the key components of a thermal power plant including the boiler, turbine, generator, coal handling plant, water handling plant, and ash handling plant. It provides details on how each component functions and its role in the power generation process.
The document provides an overview of the National Capital Power Station in Dadri, India. It discusses that the power station is owned and operated by NTPC, India's largest power company. It then describes the key components and processes of the combined cycle gas power plant, including how gas turbines and steam turbines are used together to generate electricity through both the Brayton and Rankine cycles. Operators monitor and control the plant from a central control room.
This document provides information about Harsh Kumar's summer training project at the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) Dadri power plant in India. It includes:
- An overview of NTPC as the largest power company in India, operating coal and gas-fired thermal power plants.
- Details of the NTPC Dadri plant, which has both coal and gas-fired units totaling 2,642 MW capacity.
- Descriptions of the key components and processes within a thermal power plant, including the coal handling plant, mills, boilers, turbines and generators.
- An explanation of the basic thermal power plant cycle that converts fuel energy to electrical energy.
This presentations contains the basic layout of a thermal power palnt along with the components.Coal and it's types.Future of thermal power plant in India.
The document provides information about the layout and components of the Raj West Power Plant in Barmer, Rajasthan, India. The plant will be a 1080MW lignite-based thermal power plant using circulating fluidized bed combustion technology. Coal will be sourced from nearby mines through a joint venture company. The general layout and components of a thermal power plant are described, including coal handling, the boiler, turbine, generator, condenser, and ash handling. Key specifications of equipment like circuit breakers and isolators in the switchyard are also mentioned.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THERMAL POWER PLANT Industrial ReportUtkarsh Chaubey
The document is an industrial training report submitted by Utkarsh Chaubey to Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya. It provides an overview of Utkarsh's training at the Shri Singaji Thermal Power Plant (SSTPP). The report includes sections on the power plant overview, the Rankine cycle used, classification of thermal power plants, typical components of a coal fired plant, site selection considerations, and descriptions of various systems within SSTPP such as the generator, switchyard, transformers, and safety measures.
Thermal power plants generate electricity by burning coal to heat water and produce steam. The steam spins turbines that drive generators, producing electricity. They provide 65% of India's power. Coal is pulverized and burned in a boiler to heat water and produce high-pressure steam. This steam spins turbines connected to generators, producing electricity. The steam is then condensed in a condenser and recycled to the boiler as water to repeat the process. Thermal power plants have significant environmental impacts due to the air pollution produced by burning coal.
This presentation summarizes information about the Thermal Power Station in Muzafargarh, Pakistan. The key points are:
- The power station has a total installed capacity of 1350 MW generated across 6 units powered by natural gas and furnace oil.
- It uses a Rankine cycle to generate steam from heated water to power turbines and generate electricity.
- The presentation describes the typical components and processes within a thermal power plant, including boilers, turbines, generators, and cooling systems.
- Muzafargarh power station is a major source of electricity in Pakistan's national grid and is operated by the Pakistan Electric Power Company.
To study coal based thermal power plant including (a). Site selection (b). Classification (c). Merits and demerits (d). Environmental impacts (e). Basic layout (f). Various parts (g).Working.
The document describes the key components and processes involved in a typical coal-fired thermal power plant, including the boiler, turbine, condenser, coal handling equipment, and other auxiliary systems. It also provides diagrams to illustrate the general layout and flow of energy conversion from coal to steam to mechanical power to electricity. Additionally, it briefly mentions some major thermal power plants located in the state of Rajasthan, India.
The document provides an overview of the Mejia Thermal Power Station (MTPS) located in West Bengal, India. It is owned by the Damodar Valley Corporation and has a total installed capacity of 2340 MW generated from various units. The document describes the key components of the thermal power plant including the coal handling system, pulverizer, boiler, turbine, condenser, and switchyard. It also provides a step-by-step explanation of how coal is converted into electrical energy within the power station.
SUMMER TRAINING AT NTPC DADRI GAS SECTIONAMIT KUMAR
The document provides an overview of NTPC, India's largest power company, and details about gas power plants and combined cycle power plants. It describes the key components and processes, including gas turbines, heat recovery steam generators, steam turbines, and the Brayton and Rankine cycles. Specifically, it explains how compressed air is heated in a gas turbine to drive a generator, before its waste heat is used to generate high pressure steam to drive a steam turbine. Together, the gas and steam turbines can produce up to 600 megawatts of electricity in a combined cycle configuration. The document also outlines NTPC's emissions controls and cooling systems to reduce environmental impacts.
The document provides information about the generation of thermal power at NTPC Dadri power plant. It discusses how coal is burned in boilers to generate high pressure steam which is used to spin turbines connected to generators to produce electricity. The key components of the thermal power plant discussed are the boiler, turbine, condenser, cooling towers and electrical equipment like transformers. It also describes the coal handling process and techniques used to handle ash waste from coal combustion like electrostatic precipitators.
presentation on one month summer training at NTPC Dadriraghav dagar
NTPC Dadri is a coal and gas-fired power station located in India. It has a total installed capacity of 2,642 MW from coal, gas, and solar power. An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is used to remove particulate pollutants from the flue gases of thermal power plants like NTPC Dadri. An ESP works by charging particles using corona discharge and collecting them on oppositely charged plates. Periodically, the collected particles are removed from the plates through rapping or water spraying to maintain continuous cleaning of the flue gases.
The document provides an overview of thermal power generation. It discusses the need for thermal power, the basic working principles, and classifications by fuel and prime mover. The key steps in the thermal power generation process include heating water to create steam, using the steam to power a turbine connected to a generator to produce electricity, and then condensing the steam to be reused. Thermal power plants have advantages of using widely available fuels but have lower efficiency and higher emissions than other generation methods. Improving plant efficiency and reducing emissions are important areas of ongoing research and development.
This document provides an overview and technical details of Gagandeep Singh's 6-week industrial training at the Parichha Thermal Power Plant (PTPP) in Jhansi, India. It includes an introduction to the power plant, salient features, technical data on the 110MW plant including specifications for the boiler, turbine, and other main equipment. It also discusses the boiler maintenance division where Gagandeep completed their training and acknowledges those who supported the training experience.
Summer training report at uttpar pradesh rajay viduat utpadan nigam ...Navin Pathak
The document summarizes a summer training report submitted by a student at the Uttar Pradesh Rajya Vidhyut Utpadan Nigam Limited thermal power plant in Anpara, Sonebhadra, India. The report provides an overview of the power plant, including its layout, products like electricity and ash, and the production process. It also includes a chronological training diary of the student's activities during the summer, such as familiarizing with the plant components and studying the turbines. The production process follows the Rankine cycle, where coal is combusted to produce steam that drives the turbine and generates electricity.
This document summarizes the author's summer training at the Panki Thermal Power Station in Kanpur, India. It discusses the process of electricity generation through steam at the power plant. The plant uses coal as its fuel, which is handled through various processes before being fired to generate high-pressure steam. This steam then spins turbines connected to generators to produce electricity. The document outlines the various units involved, including coal handling, water treatment to produce boiler feed water, and maintenance of the boilers and turbines.
In India 65% of total power is generated by the Thermal Power Stations . Main parts of the plant are 1. Coal conveyor 2. Pulverizer 3.Boiler 4. Coal ash 5. Air preheater 7. Electrostatic precipitator 8. Smoke stack 9. Turbine 10. Condenser 11. Transformers 12. Cooling towers 13. Generator 14. High votge power lines
BASIC OPERATION : A thermal power plant basically works on Rankine cycle . COAL CONVEYOR : This is a belt type of arrangement.With this coal is transported from coal storage place in power plant to the place near by boiler.
STOKER : The coal which is brought near by boiler has to put in boiler furnance for combustion. This stoker is a mechanical device for feeding coal to a furnace. PULVERIZER : The coal is put in the boiler after pulverization.For this pulverizer is used. A pulverizer is a device for grinding coal for combustion in a furnace in a power plant .An impact mill is used for this purpose.
BOILER : pulverized coal is put in boiler furnance in which water is heated and circulated until the water is turned in to steam at the required pressure. Coal is burned inside the combustion chamber of boiler. These gases which are at high temperature vaporize the water inside the boiler to steam.
SUPERHEATER : Superheater is a component of a steam-generating unit in which steam, after it has left the boiler drum, is heated above its saturation temperature. The amount of superheat added to the steam is influenced by the location, arrangement, and amount of superheater surface installed, as well as the rating of the boiler Superheaters are classified as convection , radiant or combination of these.
REHEATER : .Reheater is also steam boiler component in which heat is added to this intermediate-pressure steam, which has given up some of its energy in expansion through the high-pressure turbine. The steam after reheating is used to rotate the second steam turbine where the heat is converted to mechanical energy.
CONDENSER : Steam after rotating steam turbine comes to condenser. Condenser refers here to the shell and tube heat exchanger installed at the outlet of every steam turbine in Thermal power stations. These condensers are heat exchangers which convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid state. In so doing, the latent heat of steam is given out inside the condenser .
COOLING TOWERS : The condensate water after condensation is initially at high temperature. This hot water is passed to cooling towers. It is a tower in which atmospheric air circulates in direct or indirect contact with warmer water and the water is thereby cooled. Water, acting as the heat-transfer fluid, gives up heat to atmospheric air, and thus cooled, is recirculated through the system.
ECONOMISER : Flue gases coming out of the boiler carry lot of heat. Function of economiser is to recover some of the heat from the heat carried away in the flue gases up the chimney and utilize for heating the feed water to the boiler. It is placed in the passage
The document discusses different types of power plants in Pakistan including thermal, hydroelectric, nuclear, and others. Thermal power plants currently make up around 60% of Pakistan's electricity generation capacity, with various advantages like lower fuel costs but also disadvantages like pollution, large water usage, and high operating costs. The document provides statistics on Pakistan's current and projected energy supply and demand, the breakdown of power consumption by sector, and details on major existing and planned power generation facilities in the country.
NTPC operates a thermal power plant in Shaktinagar, Uttar Pradesh with an installed capacity of 2000 MW. The plant uses coal from the nearby Jayant mines to fuel its boilers and generate steam, which powers steam turbines that are coupled to generators to produce electricity. Water for the plant is sourced from the Rihand Reservoir. The plant has 7 units of varying sizes that generate electricity for distribution to several states in northern India. An industrial training presentation was given on the functioning of the key components in the thermal power generation process at this plant.
This document is a seminar report submitted by Mukesh Kumar for partial fulfillment of a Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering. It discusses thermal power plants, including an overview of their operation and efficiency, descriptions of typical components like boilers and steam cycles, and examples of power plants located in India with a focus on those in Rajasthan. The document received certification from internal and external examiners for Mukesh Kumar's seminar work on the topic of thermal power plants.
This document provides information about various components of a thermal power plant. It discusses the different sources that contribute to India's total installed power capacity. It then describes the key components of a thermal power plant including the boiler, turbine, generator, coal handling plant, water handling plant, and ash handling plant. It provides details on how each component functions and its role in the power generation process.
The document provides an overview of the National Capital Power Station in Dadri, India. It discusses that the power station is owned and operated by NTPC, India's largest power company. It then describes the key components and processes of the combined cycle gas power plant, including how gas turbines and steam turbines are used together to generate electricity through both the Brayton and Rankine cycles. Operators monitor and control the plant from a central control room.
This document provides information about Harsh Kumar's summer training project at the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) Dadri power plant in India. It includes:
- An overview of NTPC as the largest power company in India, operating coal and gas-fired thermal power plants.
- Details of the NTPC Dadri plant, which has both coal and gas-fired units totaling 2,642 MW capacity.
- Descriptions of the key components and processes within a thermal power plant, including the coal handling plant, mills, boilers, turbines and generators.
- An explanation of the basic thermal power plant cycle that converts fuel energy to electrical energy.
This presentations contains the basic layout of a thermal power palnt along with the components.Coal and it's types.Future of thermal power plant in India.
The document provides information about the layout and components of the Raj West Power Plant in Barmer, Rajasthan, India. The plant will be a 1080MW lignite-based thermal power plant using circulating fluidized bed combustion technology. Coal will be sourced from nearby mines through a joint venture company. The general layout and components of a thermal power plant are described, including coal handling, the boiler, turbine, generator, condenser, and ash handling. Key specifications of equipment like circuit breakers and isolators in the switchyard are also mentioned.
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING THERMAL POWER PLANT Industrial ReportUtkarsh Chaubey
The document is an industrial training report submitted by Utkarsh Chaubey to Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya. It provides an overview of Utkarsh's training at the Shri Singaji Thermal Power Plant (SSTPP). The report includes sections on the power plant overview, the Rankine cycle used, classification of thermal power plants, typical components of a coal fired plant, site selection considerations, and descriptions of various systems within SSTPP such as the generator, switchyard, transformers, and safety measures.
Thermal power plants generate electricity by burning coal to heat water and produce steam. The steam spins turbines that drive generators, producing electricity. They provide 65% of India's power. Coal is pulverized and burned in a boiler to heat water and produce high-pressure steam. This steam spins turbines connected to generators, producing electricity. The steam is then condensed in a condenser and recycled to the boiler as water to repeat the process. Thermal power plants have significant environmental impacts due to the air pollution produced by burning coal.
This presentation summarizes information about the Thermal Power Station in Muzafargarh, Pakistan. The key points are:
- The power station has a total installed capacity of 1350 MW generated across 6 units powered by natural gas and furnace oil.
- It uses a Rankine cycle to generate steam from heated water to power turbines and generate electricity.
- The presentation describes the typical components and processes within a thermal power plant, including boilers, turbines, generators, and cooling systems.
- Muzafargarh power station is a major source of electricity in Pakistan's national grid and is operated by the Pakistan Electric Power Company.
To study coal based thermal power plant including (a). Site selection (b). Classification (c). Merits and demerits (d). Environmental impacts (e). Basic layout (f). Various parts (g).Working.
The document describes the key components and processes involved in a typical coal-fired thermal power plant, including the boiler, turbine, condenser, coal handling equipment, and other auxiliary systems. It also provides diagrams to illustrate the general layout and flow of energy conversion from coal to steam to mechanical power to electricity. Additionally, it briefly mentions some major thermal power plants located in the state of Rajasthan, India.
The document provides an overview of the Mejia Thermal Power Station (MTPS) located in West Bengal, India. It is owned by the Damodar Valley Corporation and has a total installed capacity of 2340 MW generated from various units. The document describes the key components of the thermal power plant including the coal handling system, pulverizer, boiler, turbine, condenser, and switchyard. It also provides a step-by-step explanation of how coal is converted into electrical energy within the power station.
SUMMER INTERNSHIP(INDUSTRAIL REPORT) ON THERMAL POWER PLANT Amit Gupta
The document describes the key components and processes involved in a typical coal-fired thermal power plant, including coal handling, pulverizing, combustion in the boiler, steam generation, power generation in the turbine, and condensing spent steam. It also provides details on equipment like draft fans, superheaters, reheaters, the ash handling system, feedwater heaters, and installed capacity of thermal power plants in Rajasthan.
National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) is India's largest power producer, with over 29,000 MW of installed capacity from coal, gas, and joint venture power stations across India. The Badarpur Thermal Power Station near Delhi has a 705 MW capacity and utilizes a coal conveyor, pulverizer, boiler, steam turbine, generator, and other components in its power generation process. The boiler burns pulverized coal to produce high temperature steam that drives the steam turbine and generator, producing electricity.
This PPT contains introduction and types of thermal power plants, WORKING PRINCIPLE, LAYOUT AND WORKING OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, WORKING PRINCIPLE OF COAL BASED POWER PLANT, SITE SELECTION OF THERMAL POWER PLANT,GENERAL LAYOUT AND WORKING OF COAL BASED THERMAL POWER PLANT, PRESENT STATUS OF COAL-FIRED THERMAL POWER PLANT, WASTE GENERATED IN THERMAL POWER PLANTS AND MANAGEMENT , TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF WASTE GENERATED IN THERMAL POWER PLANTS.
This document provides information about an 8-unit coal-fired thermal power station located in Panipat, India. It details that the power station has a total capacity of 810MW generated across its 8 units, which were commissioned between 1979-2005. It requires 15,000 metric tons of coal daily and has cooling towers ranging in height from 123.5-143.5 meters. The document then proceeds to describe the various components and processes within the power station that enable the conversion of coal to electricity.
The document provides an overview of the Mejia Thermal Power Station located in West Bengal, India. It discusses the key components and processes involved in generating power at the plant, including:
- Coal handling and storage before being pulverized and fed into boilers to produce steam.
- Water tube boilers that convert the steam's thermal energy into rotational energy via turbines connected to generators.
- Condensers that condense the steam back into water and cooling towers that cool the water for reuse.
- Auxiliary equipment like transformers, switchyards, and protection systems.
- The plant has a total installed capacity of 2320 MW produced across multiple units.
The document provides an overview of a thermal power plant, including its key components and processes. It begins with an introduction to how thermal power plants convert heat energy from coal into electrical energy. It then describes the general layout of a typical coal-fired thermal power plant and lists its main equipment such as the coal handling plant, pulverizer, boiler, turbine, condenser and cooling towers. Each of these components are then explained in more detail. The document also lists some major thermal power plants located in Rajasthan and references used.
The document provides an overview of a coal-based thermal power plant presented by Shivam Kumar. It describes the key components of the plant including the coal handling plant, boiler and auxiliaries like superheaters and economizers, condenser, cooling towers, feedwater heaters, turbines, deaerator, and electrostatic precipitator. The plant has a capacity of 1500MW in stage 1 and is located in Haryana, utilizing coal delivered by rail to generate electricity through the Rankine cycle process in its boilers and turbines.
The document provides an overview of the Mejia Thermal Power Station (MTPS) in West Bengal, India. It discusses:
1. MTPS is operated by Damodar Valley Corporation and has a total installed capacity of 2340 MW generated from various units.
2. The power plant layout includes the main equipment used in the generation process such as the coal handling plant, boiler, turbine, condenser, and cooling towers.
3. The stepwise operation begins with coal being burned in the boiler to produce high pressure steam, which is then used to rotate the turbine and generate electricity via the alternator.
1. The document provides an acknowledgement and thanks to various individuals and departments at NTPC Tanda for allowing the training and providing support and knowledge.
2. It then outlines the content which will be covered, including a brief description of the Tanda thermal project, production of electricity, description of the thermal plant, basic cycle of a power plant, control and instrumentation unit, and important equipment of the plant.
3. It begins describing the Tanda thermal project, providing its geographical location, features such as its installed capacity and suppliers, and performance metrics like its designed boiler efficiency.
The document is a PowerPoint presentation about a thermal power plant project submitted by four students. It includes sections on the plant layout, steam and water flows, components of a thermal power plant, and use of water in the plant. The key components discussed are the coal handling plant, boiler, turbine, condenser, feedwater heater and economizer. The presentation explains how coal is burned in the boiler to produce steam, which then rotates the turbine and generates electricity.
Thermal Power Plant - Full Detail About Plant and Parts (Also Contain Animate...Shubham Thakur
A thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated; this is known as a Rankine cycle. The greatest variation in the design of thermal power stations is due to the different fossil fuel resources generally used to heat the water. Some prefer to use the term energy center because such facilities convert forms of heat energy into electrical energy.[1] Certain thermal power plants also are designed to produce heat energy for industrial purposes of district heating, or desalination of water, in addition to generating electrical power. Globally, fossil fueled thermal power plants produce a large part of man-made CO2 emissions to the atmosphere, and efforts to reduce these are varied and widespread.
For Video on Themal Power Plant (Animated Working Video) :- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouWOhk1INjo
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Vocational Training at DURGAPUR THERMAL POWER STATIONHIMANSHU KUMAR
This document provides an overview of the layout and equipment used at a thermal power plant. It describes the key components of the coal handling plant, main generating plant, ash handling plant, and switchyard. The main generating plant generates power by burning coal to produce steam, which spins turbines connected to generators to produce electricity. The coal handling plant receives, crushes, and supplies coal to the boilers, while the ash handling plant removes and disposes of ash after combustion.
The document provides information about Kolaghat Thermal Power Station located in West Bengal, India. It has six units totaling 1,260 MW capacity. The power plant uses a steam turbine process to convert the heat from burning coal into electrical energy. It describes the main equipment used including the coal handling plant, boiler, turbine, condenser, and electrical equipment like transformers and generators. The document provides technical specifications for many of the major components.
Explore the dynamic world of #PowerPlants with this comprehensive presentation. Delve into the various types of power plants, including fossil fuel, renewable energy, and nuclear. Gain insights into the processes that generate electricity to power our modern world. From turbines to transformers, understand the key components that make these plants efficient sources of energy. Discover the environmental considerations and technological advancements shaping the future of power generation.
Industrial training at NTPC ShaktinagarRishikesh .
This document provides an overview of industrial training at a thermal power station in Singrauli, Madhya Pradesh, India. It describes the basic process of how coal is converted into electricity through various components of the power plant. Key components discussed include the coal handling plant, pulverizer, boiler, turbine, condenser, cooling towers, and burner management system. The document also includes diagrams illustrating the general layout and coal to electricity process of a typical coal-fired thermal power station.
A power station generates electric power by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy using a generator. The mechanical power is usually produced from heat generated by combustion of fuels like coal, natural gas, or oil in a boiler. In thermal power stations, a heat engine like a steam turbine transforms the thermal energy from combustion into rotational energy used to power the generator. The main components of a coal-fired thermal power plant are the coal conveyor, pulverizer, boiler, steam turbine, condenser and cooling towers which work together to generate electricity.
A thermal power plant converts the heat energy from burning coal into electrical energy. Coal is burned in a boiler to produce steam, which spins turbines connected to generators. Thermal power plants account for over 75% of India's total power generation. Key components include the coal handling plant, boiler, turbine, condenser, and cooling system. The steam produced spins the turbine which is connected to the generator, producing electricity that is stepped up and transmitted via transformers.
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Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
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Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
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DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
3. About NTPC
NTPC is India’s largest energy conglomerate with roots planted way back in 1975 to
accelerate power development in India.
NTPC became a Maharatna company in May 2010, one of the only four companies to
be awarded this status.
NTPC was ranked 431st
in the ‘2015, Forbes Global 2000’ ranking of the World’s
biggest companies.
The total installed capacity of the company is 51,653 MW (including JVs) with 20 coal
based and 7 gas based stations. 7 Joint Venture stations are coal based and 12(11- solar,
1 - wind) renewable energy projects and 1 hydro project.
Although the company has 17.73% of the total national capacity, it contributes 25.91%
of total power generation due to its focus on high efficiency.
5. NTPC - Dadri
TOTAL CAPACITY OF DADRI POWER PLANT :-
(A) THERMAL (B) GAS
I:- 04X210 MW = 840 MW I:- 04X130.19
II:- 02X490 MW = 980 MW II:- 02X154.51
TOTAL = 1820 MW TOTAL = 817 MW
(C) SOLAR = 05MW
GRAND TOTAL = 2642 MW
6. SOURCES
Coal source
- Piparwara mine , Jharkhand
- Requirement = 13000 MT/day
Water source
- Upper Ganga Canal
Gas source
- HBJ Pipeline (a major gas pipeline of GAIL)
Hazira-Bijaipur-Jagdishpur
10. Working of a Thermal Power Plant
The coal is brought and crushed to powder. This is feed to boiler for producing heat .
In Boiler the water is converted to steam.
In Superheater the moisture content is removed from the steam and that steam is called super heated
steam.
The superheated steam rotates the shaft of the High Pressure(HP) turbine.
The exhausted steam is sent to Reheater and the steam then rotates the Intermediate Pressure (IP)
turbine.
The steam from the IP Turbine is then feed to Low Pressure(LP) turbine.
The turbine shaft is connected to the Generator, which produces electric power.
The steam expanded in turbine is condensed in a Condenser to be feed into the boiler again.
13. Stack & Reclaimer – It is
used to store the powdered
coal for emergency purpose.
Atmospheric air
–Through FD
fan
14. BOILER
A Boiler is a closed vessel in which water is heated to produce steam by utilizing the
heat generated by coal combustion.
Boilers are classified into two types based on relative position of water and hot gases
:-
Water tube boilers
Fire tube boilers
In Water tube boiler, water flows through tubes
and hot gases of combustion flow over these tubes.
This is high pressure boilers.
15. In Fire tube boiler, the hot products of combustion
passes through tubes surrounded by water . This is low pressure boiler.
In Dadri power plant, Water tube boiler is used.
Saturated steam is generated at a pressure of around 2000-2200 KPa.
It is then heated in Superheater.
16. Auxilliary Components Of a Boiler
Superheater
Economizer
Air-preheater
Reheater
Deaerator
17. Superheater
Superheaters are used to raise the steam temperature above the saturation temperature by absorbing
heat from flue gases to increase plant efficiency.
It removes last traces of moisture and therefore prevents turbine blades from corrosion.
Outlet temperature and pressure of steam coming out from the superheater is 540 °C & 157 kg/cm²
18. Economizer, Air-preheater & Reheater
An Economizer is a heat transfer device used for heating
the feed water with the help of hot flue gases.
It improves the efficiency of the power plant.
Air-preheater is a device which utilizes the waste heat
of the flue gases leaving the Economizer for heating
the air required for combustion.
Reheater is used to increase the temperature of exhaust
steam from HP turbine by utilizing the heat of the hot
flue gases leaving the chimney.
19. Deaerator
A steam generating boiler requires that the boiler feed water should be devoid of air and other
dissolved gases, particularly corrosive ones.
In order to avoid corrosion of the metal, power
station uses a Deaerator, for the removal of air
and other dissolved gases from the boiler
feed water.
A Deaerator has a vertical, domed deaeration section
mounted on top of a horizontal cylindrical vessel
which serves as a deaerated boiler feed water storage
tank.
20. PRIME MOVER(TURBINE)
A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and
converts it into mechanical energy.
About 86% of all electric generation in the world is by use of steam turbines.
In a thermal power plant generally 3 turbines are used to increase the efficiency.
High Pressure Turbine(HPT): The superheated steam is directly fed to this turbine to rotate it.
Intermediate Pressure Turbine (IPT) : The output from the HPT is reheated in a reheater and used to
rotate IPT.
Low Pressure Turbine (LPT):The Exhausted steam from the IPT is directly fed to rotate the shaft of
LPT.
21.
22.
23. CONDENSER
It condenses the steam at the exhaust of the turbine
with the help of cooling water.
It creates a very low pressure at the exhaust of turbine,
this helps in converting heat energy of the steam into
mechanical energy in the prime mover.
Condensed steam can be used as feed water to the
boiler.
24. COOLING TOWER
Removes heat from the water discharged from the
condenser so that the water can be discharged into the
river or recirculated or reused.
Air can be circulated in the cooling tower through
natural draft and mechanical draft.
25.
26. ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR (ESP)
Top view Side View
It is a device which removes dust or other finely divided particles from flue gases by charging the
particles inductively with an electric field, then attracting them to highly charged collector plates. Also
known as precipitator. The process depends on two steps. In the first step the suspension passes
through an electric discharge (corona discharge) area where ionization of the gas occurs. The ions
produced collide with the suspended particles and confer on them an electric charge. The charged
particles drift toward an electrode of opposite sign and are deposited on the electrode where their
electric charge is neutralized.
It has an efficiency of 99.8 % and it is a very high power consuming device of about 1 kwh for 10
thousand m³ of flue gas.
27. PRIMARY AIR FAN (PAF)
Air to blow the coal from the mill to the boiler, called the
primary air, is supplied by a large fan driven by a variable
speed motor.
When mixed with a stream of air the powdered coal
behaves more like a gas than a solid.
Primary air does two jobs – heating the coal powder and
secondly lifting it into the furnace through pipelines.
28. INDUCED DRAUGHT (ID) FAN
It is draws out hot flue gases from the boiler.
The gas has already passed out from Air-
preheater and Electrostatic precipitator
before it reaches ID fan.
The heat from the flue gases or smoke is used
in the air heaters to heat up the primary and
secondary air.
29. CHIMNEY
The chimney is 275 meters' high and
50,000 tonnes of reinforced concrete
were used to make it.
It consists of flues each of which serve
typically two or three boilers.
It is used to discharge flue gases at high
altitude.
30. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS
Alternator
An alternator is coupled to a steam turbine and converts mechanical energy of turbine into electrical energy.
It may be Hydrogen or Air cooled.
The necessary excitation is provided by main and pilot exciters directly coupled to the alternator shaft.
Transformer
Main step- transformer : steps up generated voltage transmission of power.
Station transformer : general purpose
Auxilliary transformers : which supply to individual unit auxiliaries.
Control Room and Switch yard
The control room monitors the overall operation of the plant. It is provided with safety relays and switch gears.
31. ASH HANDLING PLANT
The percentage of ash in coal is 5% in good quality
coal & about 40% in poor quality coal.
Power plants generally use poor quality of coal , thus
amount of ash produced by it is quite large.
A modern 1000MW plant produces about 4800 tons
of ash daily.
The stations use some conveyor arrangement to
carry ash to dump sites.
32. COAL ASH CAN BE USED IN
Fly Ash Bricks / Blocks
Cement Concrete
Road construction
Embankment / Back fills / Land development
Use in agriculture
Mine filling
33. 2. SWITCHYARD STATION
Switchyard means collection of
electrical equipment, where high
voltage electricity is switched using of
various component.
Electrical switchyards are usually part
of a substation where electricity is
transformed from one voltage to
another for the transmission,
distribution.
36. Cont..
A static electrical machine used for transforming power from one circuit
to another circuit without changing frequency is termed as Power
transformer .
The transformers are generally used to step down or step up the voltage
levels of a system for transmission and generation purpose.
These transformers are classified into different types based on their
design, utilization purpose, installation methods.
38. Current transformer
Current transformers are basically used to take the readings of the currents entering the
substation.
This transformer steps down the current from 800 amps to 1 amp.
This is done because we have no instrument for measuring of such a large current
39. Potential transformer
Potential transformer is quite similar to the current transformer, but it is used for taking
samples of high voltages of a system for providing low-voltage to the relays of protection
system and also to the low-rating meters for voltage measurement.
Using this low-voltage measurement, the actual system’s high voltage can be calculated
without measuring high voltages directly to avoid the cost of the measurement system.
40. Conductor
The material or object that obeys the electrical property conductance (mostly made of metals such as
aluminum and copper) and that allows the flow of electric charge is called conductor.
Conductors permit free movement of the flow of electrons through them. These are used for the
transmission of power or electrical energy from one place (generating station) to another place.
Conductors are of different types and mostly aluminum conductors are preferred in practical power
systems.
42. Cont..
The metal which does not allow free movement of electrons or electric charge is
called as an insulator.
Hence, insulators resist electricity with their high resisting property.
There are different types of insulators such as suspension type, strain type, stray
type, shackle, pin type and so on.
A few types of insulators are shown in the above figure. Insulators are used for
insulation purpose while erecting electric poles with conductors to avoid short
circuit and for other insulation requirements.
44. Cont..
Isolator is a manually operated mechanical switch that isolates the faulty section
or the section of a conductor or a part of a circuit of substation meant for repair
from a healthy section in order to avoid occurrence of more severe faults.
Hence, it is also called as a disconnector or disconnecting switch. There are
different types of isolators used for different applications such as single-break
isolator, double-break isolator, bus isolator, line isolator, etc.
46. Cont..
The conductor carrying current and having multiple numbers of incoming and
outgoing line connections can be called as bus bar, which is commonly used in
substations.
These are classified into different types
Single bus
Double bus
Ring bus.
48. Cont..
The substation equipments such as conductors, transformers, etc., are always
erected outdoor.
Whenever light surges occur then, a high-voltage pass through these electrical
components causing damage to them (either temporary or permanent damage
based on the amount of voltage surge).
Therefore, to avoid this difficulty, lightening arresters are placed to pass the
entire lightening surges to earth.
There are other arresters which are used to ground the switching surges called as
surge arresters.
50. Cont..
A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an
electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit.
Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to
immediately discontinue electrical flow.
It can make or break a circuit either manually or by remote under normal or fault
conditions.
Actuator lever - used to manually trip and reset the circuit breaker.
Actuator mechanism - forces the contacts together or apart,
Contacts - Allow current when touching and break the current when moved apart
Terminals Bimetallic strip.
51. Cont..
Circuit breaker are used for all type of voltage.
It is using in high power laboratories.
It is using outdoor as well as indoor.
Mostly used circuit breakers are Oil circuit breaker, Air circuit breaker, SF6 circuit
breaker, Vacuum Circuit Breaker, and so on.
53. Cont..
Relays are used for disconnecting the circuits by manual or automatic operation
using circuit breakers.
Relay consists of the coil which is excited or energized and such that making the
contacts of relay closed activates the relay to break or make the circuit
connection.
There are different types of relays such as over current relays, definite time over
current relays, voltage relays, auxiliary relays, reclosing relays, solid state
relays, directional relays, inverse time over current relays, microcontroller
relays, etc. The above figure shows some basic relays and their operation.
55. Cont..
A Capacitor bank is a set of many identical capacitors connected in
series or parallel within a enclosure and is used for the power factor
correction and basic protection of substation.
These capacitor banks are acts as a source of reactive power, and thus,
the phase difference between voltage and current can be reduced by the
capacitor banks. They will increase the ripple current capacity of the
supply.
It avoids undesirable characteristics in the power system. It is the most
economical method for maintaining power factor and of correction of
the power lag problems
56. Miscellaneous equipment
Emerging trends in technological development have created advancement in the
substation installation and maintenance. For example, SCADA (supervisory control and
data acquisition) technique made it possible to control a substation automatically from a
remote location.