This document discusses various vitamins and minerals needed for good health and the diseases caused by deficiencies of them. It states that a balanced diet containing all food constituents including vitamins and minerals is important for growth and development. Deficiencies can cause diseases like scurvy from lack of vitamin C, rickets from lack of vitamin D, and goiter from lack of iodine. It also discusses the ill effects of intoxicating substances like tobacco, smoking, alcohol, and drugs on health.

1. SCIENCE 7 th - BY PANKTI DAVE HEALTH AND DISEASE

2. This lesson covers various diseases caused by deficiency of VITAMINS & MINERALS in our diet.

3. A balanced diet and clean surroundings are necessary for good health. A balanced includes all food constituents. Body needs VITAMINS & MINERALS in very small amounts. Deficiency of these can cause DISEASE .

4. VITAMINS Vitamins has a specific & vital function in body. Its essential for growth & development of body.

5. Disease caused by deficiency of vitamin C (ASCORBIC ACID) Vitamins are required for joints, bones, teeth, gums etc. Deficiency of vitamin C causes SCURVY ( in adults) WEAKENS LIMBS ( in children)

6. Sources of vitamin C Lemons Amla Oranges Sweetlime Leafy vegetables Fresh fruits

7. DISEASE CAUSED BY DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN D Vitamin D is essential for Development of bones Absorption of calcium & phosphorous in body Deficiency of vitamin D causes RICKETS ( Young children). Bones become soft & get bent.

8. SOURCES OF VITAMIN D Sunlight Cod liver oil Shark liver oil Egg Butter Cow’s milk

9. CALCIUM Calcium essential for FORMATION OF BONES Deficiency of calcium causes Teeth to wear away Makes BONE BRITTLE

10. Sources of calcium Milk & milk products Wheat Leafy vegetables Cabbage Carrots Oranges Almonds

11. PHOSPHOROUS Phosphorous essential for GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT of body Deficiency of phosphorous causes Loss of weight Stunted growth

12. SOURCES OF PHOSPHOROUS Cereals -Wheat -Bajra -Corn Pulses -Udid dal -Moong dal Egg yolk Milk Leafy vegetables

13. IRON Iron is important CONSTITUENT OF BLOOD Gives blood RED COLOUR Supplies OXYGEN to body Essential for producing RBC’S in body Deficiency of iron causes ANAEMIA An anaemic person gets tired easily. Pregnant women need more iron.

14. SOURCES OF IRON Wheat Jaggery Leafy vegetables Dates

15. IODINE Iodine is important for body An important constituent of hormone Thyroxine Thyroxine is secreted by thyroid gland in neck Deficiency of iodine causes GOITRE Goitre leads to irregular growth of thyroid gland

16. SOURCES OF IODINE Use of iodised salt in food preparation

17. ILL EFFECTS OF INTOXICATING SUBSTANCES Intoxicating substances are very harmful to human body They can be at times fatal to health

18. INTOXIC SUBSTANCES INCLUDES Chewing tobaco Smoking cigarettes or bidis Drinking alcohol Taking drugs

19. Chewing tobaco or gutkha can cause CANCER OF MOUTH People who chew paan or tobaco, spit in public places. The germs in the spit spread diseases. Smoking cause deposition of TAR in lungs causing CANCER Remember “SMOKING IS INJURIOUS TO HEALTH”

20. Drinking alcohol and taking drugs has harmful effects on NERVOUS SYSTEM The person may loose his mental balance Overuse of such substances can be fatal

21. SUMMARY Balanced diet and clean environment are necessary for maintaining good health Deficiency of vitamins and minerals cause many disease Growing children have greater need of calcium Intoxicating substances have adverse effects on nervous system

22. EVALUATION Q. Which is the main source of vitamin D? Ans : Sunlight is the main source of vitamin D. Q. What are the ill effects of drinking alcohol? Ans : Drinking alcohol has harmful effects on nervous system. Q . Which disorder is related to lack of iodine? Ans : Goitre is related to lack of iodine. Q. Name the sources of vitamin C? Ans : Lemon, Amla,Oranges,Sweetlime,Leafy vegetables,Fresh fruits are sources of vitamin C .