The document discusses different techniques for visual field testing in pediatrics, including confrontation arc perimetry, hemispheric perimetry, and Goldmann perimetry. It provides examples of visual field defects seen in different pediatric patients, such as right or left hemifield defects, and inferior field defects. The document also outlines consequences of visual field defects, compensation strategies, and recommendations for children with major visual field defects.

1. Visual field testing in pediatrics Confrontation Arc perimetry Hemispheric perimetry Goldmann perimetry 1 – DL Mayer, 3-14-05

2. The Count “eats” the white ball when the infant orients to it (looks at it) Confrontation with the Count and the white ball 2 – DL Mayer, 3-14-05

3. Arc perimetry Orienting to a flashing light on 4 oblique meridia, at 20 and 30 deg Child with CP – Detects lights in superior left 3 – DL Mayer, 3-14-05

4. Orienting to a flashing light at a fixed extent on one of 24 half meridia Hemispheric perimetry 4 – DL Mayer, 3-14-05

5. Goldmann perimetry Light moved from periphery to center of hemisphere Child signals detection of light with tap on buzzer Visual fields of a normal 4 year old Left eye Right eye 5 – DL Mayer, 3-14-05

6. 6 – DL Mayer, 3-14-05

7. Right and left visual field projection on visual pathway 7 – DL Mayer, 3-14-05

8. Child with markedly enlarged left ventricle 2a congenital hydrocephalus Right hemifield defect Confrontation 8– DL Mayer, 3-14-05

10. Child born at 35 wks gestation Bilateral PVL (white matter injury) Inferior field defect in each eye – dense, complete 10– DL Mayer, 3-14-05

12. Child later shown to have complete inferior field defect w/ Goldmann Missed w/ hemispheric perimetry (b/o head down & poor fixation) 12– DL Mayer, 3-14-05

15. Preterm infant – bilateral cerebral white matter damage MRI – 21 months 26 wks GA, 1 lb 15 oz, twin Spastic diplegia, seizures Mild ROP, X(T), VA sc OU 10/20 Complete, dense inferior field defect VFs-7 Goldmann perimetry, Age 5;8