2. It’s a haploscopic deviceIt’s a haploscopic device
3. Consists of two tubes , having a rightConsists of two tubes , having a right
angled bend, mounded on a base havingangled bend, mounded on a base having
a chin rest and forehead resta chin rest and forehead rest
Each tubes contain a light source forEach tubes contain a light source for
illumination of slides and a slide carrier atillumination of slides and a slide carrier at
the outer end, a reflecting mirror at thethe outer end, a reflecting mirror at the
right angled bend and an eye piece ofright angled bend and an eye piece of
+6.50D at the inner end+6.50D at the inner end
Correction lenses can be inserted in theCorrection lenses can be inserted in the
lens holder if necessarylens holder if necessary
4. Elevtn & diprtnElevtn & diprtn
Horizontal vergenceHorizontal vergence
Tube lockingTube locking
Chin rest controlChin rest control Hand flashing switchsHand flashing switchs
Illumination controlIllumination control
Vertical divtnVertical divtn
handlehandle
6. Grades of Binocular VisionGrades of Binocular Vision
Simultaneous Macular PerceptionSimultaneous Macular Perception
FusionFusion
StereopsisStereopsis
7. Simultaneous MacularSimultaneous Macular
PerceptionPerception
Two dissimilar slides such as one having aTwo dissimilar slides such as one having a
picture of a lion and the other of the cage,picture of a lion and the other of the cage,
constitute a pair of SMP slides.constitute a pair of SMP slides.
Each slides is presented separately to eachEach slides is presented separately to each
eye.eye.
There are three gradesThere are three grades
1.1. Simultaneous foveal PerceptionSimultaneous foveal Perception slidesslides
Consists of small sized pictures, the images ofConsists of small sized pictures, the images of
which do not exceed the size of the foveawhich do not exceed the size of the fovea
8. 2.2. Simultaneous Macular Perception slidesSimultaneous Macular Perception slides
In this pictures are slightly larger than those onIn this pictures are slightly larger than those on
the SFP slidesthe SFP slides
3.3. Simultaneous Para Macular PerceptionSimultaneous Para Macular Perception
Slides have the largest pictures and form theSlides have the largest pictures and form the
images that extends in to Para macularimages that extends in to Para macular
areasareas
11. Fusion slidesFusion slides
Consists of two dissimilar pictures each ofConsists of two dissimilar pictures each of
which is incomplete in small detailswhich is incomplete in small details
There are two rabbits each lacking a tail orThere are two rabbits each lacking a tail or
bunch of flowersbunch of flowers
In the presence of fusion a complete rabbitIn the presence of fusion a complete rabbit
holding a bunch of flowers will be seenholding a bunch of flowers will be seen
In the presence of suppression either tailIn the presence of suppression either tail
or bunch of flowers will be missingor bunch of flowers will be missing
14. Stereoscopic slidesStereoscopic slides
Consists of two pictures of same objectsConsists of two pictures of same objects
which have been taken from slightlywhich have been taken from slightly
different angles, ie, picture for one eye isdifferent angles, ie, picture for one eye is
in part dissimilar from that for the otherin part dissimilar from that for the other
eyeeye
19. For measurement of angleFor measurement of angle
kappakappa
A slide which consist of numbers andA slide which consist of numbers and
letters or animal pictures is usedletters or animal pictures is used
20. After image testingAfter image testing
In this right fovea is stimulated withIn this right fovea is stimulated with
vertical and left with horizontal bright lightvertical and left with horizontal bright light
Pt is asked to draw the position of afterPt is asked to draw the position of after
imagesimages
A pt with NRC will draw a crossA pt with NRC will draw a cross
An esotropic pt with ARC will draw verticalAn esotropic pt with ARC will draw vertical
image to the left of horizontalimage to the left of horizontal
An exotropic pt with ARC will draw verticalAn exotropic pt with ARC will draw vertical
image to the right of horizontalimage to the right of horizontal
21. Entoptic phenomenaEntoptic phenomena
Operated by 2 on/off switches,2 speedOperated by 2 on/off switches,2 speed
control & 2 reversing switchescontrol & 2 reversing switches
Active polarized light falling on maculaActive polarized light falling on macula
Eccentric fixation & ARCEccentric fixation & ARC
HAIDINGER BRUSHES
22. The pt who learns to recognize the brushThe pt who learns to recognize the brush
can be made aware of the spatialcan be made aware of the spatial
projection of the fovea and thus use theprojection of the fovea and thus use the
centre for fixation.centre for fixation.
This method is employed in treatment ofThis method is employed in treatment of
amblyopiaamblyopia
24. Measurement of IPDMeasurement of IPD::
>To measure the IPD arms of the synaptophore are>To measure the IPD arms of the synaptophore are
placed at 0 and the pt is instructed to look at centerplaced at 0 and the pt is instructed to look at center
of the picture in the right hand tube with right eye .of the picture in the right hand tube with right eye .
>The examiner aligns the central white line of the tube>The examiner aligns the central white line of the tube
with the reflection of the light on center of the ptswith the reflection of the light on center of the pts
pupilpupil
25. Measurement of objective angle ofMeasurement of objective angle of
deviation:deviation:
>>SMP slides are used .SMP slides are used .
>the pt is asked to look at the pictures and then>the pt is asked to look at the pictures and then
the arm controlling the picture in front of thethe arm controlling the picture in front of the
deviating eye is moved by the examiner untildeviating eye is moved by the examiner until
there is no movement of either eye on a coverthere is no movement of either eye on a cover
test, performed by alternatively turning of thetest, performed by alternatively turning of the
lightlight
26. Measurement of OA for near fixationMeasurement of OA for near fixation
>A -3.00D lens is inserted in the lens holder>A -3.00D lens is inserted in the lens holder
situated infront of eyepiece lenssituated infront of eyepiece lens
Measurement of SA of deviationMeasurement of SA of deviation
>the pt is asked to move the handle controlling>the pt is asked to move the handle controlling
the picture in front of the non fixating eyethe picture in front of the non fixating eye
until he sees the 2 pictures superimposeduntil he sees the 2 pictures superimposed
Measurement of cyclodeviationMeasurement of cyclodeviation
>>SMP slides are used.SMP slides are used.
>in presence of cyclodeviation the image>in presence of cyclodeviation the image
appears tilted .appears tilted .
27. Measurement of angle kappaMeasurement of angle kappa
>the pt is asked to focus the zero mark of>the pt is asked to focus the zero mark of
the slide , while the examiner looks for thethe slide , while the examiner looks for the
corneal reflex.corneal reflex.
>if the corneal reflex is on the nasal side of>if the corneal reflex is on the nasal side of
the center of pupil the angle is positivethe center of pupil the angle is positive
>if it is on the temporal side it is negative>if it is on the temporal side it is negative
>the pt is then asked to look in turn either>the pt is then asked to look in turn either
one letter or number until the reflex isone letter or number until the reflex is
centeredcentered
>the degree of deviation corresponding to>the degree of deviation corresponding to
the letter is then recordedthe letter is then recorded
28. To estimate the presence of suppressionTo estimate the presence of suppression
>SMP slides and fusion slides can be used .>SMP slides and fusion slides can be used .
>In the presence of suppression pts sees only one>In the presence of suppression pts sees only one
image .image .
To detect ARCTo detect ARC
>>OA & SA of deviation are measured .OA & SA of deviation are measured .
>If the angles are equal NRC is present>If the angles are equal NRC is present
>If the OA>SA ARC is present.>If the OA>SA ARC is present.
Measurement of range of fusionMeasurement of range of fusion
>Deviation is determined using SMP slides .>Deviation is determined using SMP slides .
> Then the fusion slides are introduced and blocks> Then the fusion slides are introduced and blocks
the arms at the objective angle .the arms at the objective angle .
>Amplitude of divergence and convergence are>Amplitude of divergence and convergence are
measured with break and recovery pointmeasured with break and recovery point
33. Proficiency testProficiency test
The power of eye piece lensThe power of eye piece lens
1.1. +6.50D+6.50D
2.2. +6.00D+6.00D
3.3. +5.00D+5.00D
4.4. +6.25D+6.25D
34. Principle of synaptophorePrinciple of synaptophore
1.1. Haploscopic PrincipleHaploscopic Principle
2.2. Polarization PrinciplePolarization Principle
3.3. Equal image size and variable object sizeEqual image size and variable object size
4.4. DiffractionDiffraction
35. Which slide is used in objective angleWhich slide is used in objective angle
measurementmeasurement
1.1. FusionFusion
2.2. SMPSMP
3.3. Steriopsis slideSteriopsis slide
4.4. After image slideAfter image slide
36. Principle of haidinger brushesPrinciple of haidinger brushes
1.1. PolarizationPolarization
2.2. ReflectionReflection
3.3. DiffractionDiffraction
4.4. interferenceinterference
37. Normal range of break point in adductionNormal range of break point in adduction
for distance isfor distance is
1.1. 18-22PD18-22PD
2.2. 12-16PD12-16PD
3.3. 6-12PD6-12PD
4.4. 8-4PD8-4PD
