This presentation presented all about my Thesis which spesifically focus at ground vibration control using signature hole method (SHM). SHM is a good choice that can be taken to determine optimum intershot delay to avoid wave reinforcement.
If there are many questions or suggestions, just feel free for having a discussion with me by contacting my email muhamad.rizky6694@gmail.com
Best Regards,
Muhamad Rizky
INDONESIA
This document summarizes different types of centrifugal separators used to separate materials of different densities. It describes the Large Coal Dense Medium Separator (LARCODEMS), Vorsyl Separator, Dyna Whirlpool separator, and Tri-Flo separator. It provides details on their capacities, sizes, materials they can treat, and basic working mechanisms. The working mechanisms involve introducing feed material and separation medium into a rotating cylindrical shell, with higher density particles moving outward due to centrifugal force and being separated into different outlets.
This document provides an overview of mining and mineral processing basics. It discusses different types of mining including surface mining techniques like open pit and strip mining, as well as subsurface mining techniques like room and pillar and longwall mining. It also covers drilling methods, blasting methods, fragmentation, sizing, dewatering, industrial screens, coal washing processes and equipment, iron ore processing, beneficiation, and pelletization. Additionally, it lists major mineral deposits found in India and the states they are located in.
This document provides information about raise boring, which is a method for excavating shafts using drilling machines. It discusses the raise boring process, which involves drilling a pilot hole between levels and then back reaming it to a larger diameter to form the shaft. It outlines some of the key technical problems in raise boring, including pilot hole drilling issues like rock breaking, cuttings removal, deviation control, and stability. It also discusses back reaming challenges such as efficient rock breaking and shaft wall stability. The document provides details on raise boring machine components and functions to carry out the drilling process.
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
An inset is where a horizontal tunnel intersects a mine shaft, acting as the main access point to the orebody below. It must remain stable and dry to allow equipment passage. Insets are typically arc-shaped while shafts are circular or rectangular. Their size depends on hoisting needs, ventilation requirements, and the level of mechanization. Inset design considers supporting structures, ventilation, shape based on strata stresses, and is lined with reinforced concrete for strength.
Criteria for selection of Board and pillar for multiple seamsAsim kumar Satapathy
So the main purpose of this project is to focus on the selection criteria of Bord and Pillar workings without compromising the safety factor in multiple seam.
Zhengzhou Hengyang Industry Co., Ltd provides services related to rotary kiln systems for sponge iron production. They specialize in designing, manufacturing, installing, and providing operational support for rotary kilns and related equipment. The company offers training programs and innovative solutions to help plants reach their full potential. The document describes the raw material requirements, manufacturing process, and basic components involved in a typical coal-based rotary kiln system for producing sponge iron.
This document provides information about the sintering process used in iron and steelmaking. It defines sintering as the agglomeration of iron ore fines into a porous mass through controlled combustion. It describes the main components and sections of a sinter plant, including raw material preparation, stockpiles, sinter machines, and product screening. It also explains the principles of sintering, where a permeable iron ore and additive mix is ignited to fuse particles together into agglomerates through heat generated within the mix.
This document summarizes different types of centrifugal separators used to separate materials of different densities. It describes the Large Coal Dense Medium Separator (LARCODEMS), Vorsyl Separator, Dyna Whirlpool separator, and Tri-Flo separator. It provides details on their capacities, sizes, materials they can treat, and basic working mechanisms. The working mechanisms involve introducing feed material and separation medium into a rotating cylindrical shell, with higher density particles moving outward due to centrifugal force and being separated into different outlets.
This document provides an overview of mining and mineral processing basics. It discusses different types of mining including surface mining techniques like open pit and strip mining, as well as subsurface mining techniques like room and pillar and longwall mining. It also covers drilling methods, blasting methods, fragmentation, sizing, dewatering, industrial screens, coal washing processes and equipment, iron ore processing, beneficiation, and pelletization. Additionally, it lists major mineral deposits found in India and the states they are located in.
This document provides information about raise boring, which is a method for excavating shafts using drilling machines. It discusses the raise boring process, which involves drilling a pilot hole between levels and then back reaming it to a larger diameter to form the shaft. It outlines some of the key technical problems in raise boring, including pilot hole drilling issues like rock breaking, cuttings removal, deviation control, and stability. It also discusses back reaming challenges such as efficient rock breaking and shaft wall stability. The document provides details on raise boring machine components and functions to carry out the drilling process.
I hope You all like it. I hope It is very beneficial for you all. I really thought that you all get enough knowledge from this presentation. This presentation is about materials and their classifications. After you read this presentation you knowledge is not as before.
An inset is where a horizontal tunnel intersects a mine shaft, acting as the main access point to the orebody below. It must remain stable and dry to allow equipment passage. Insets are typically arc-shaped while shafts are circular or rectangular. Their size depends on hoisting needs, ventilation requirements, and the level of mechanization. Inset design considers supporting structures, ventilation, shape based on strata stresses, and is lined with reinforced concrete for strength.
Criteria for selection of Board and pillar for multiple seamsAsim kumar Satapathy
So the main purpose of this project is to focus on the selection criteria of Bord and Pillar workings without compromising the safety factor in multiple seam.
Zhengzhou Hengyang Industry Co., Ltd provides services related to rotary kiln systems for sponge iron production. They specialize in designing, manufacturing, installing, and providing operational support for rotary kilns and related equipment. The company offers training programs and innovative solutions to help plants reach their full potential. The document describes the raw material requirements, manufacturing process, and basic components involved in a typical coal-based rotary kiln system for producing sponge iron.
This document provides information about the sintering process used in iron and steelmaking. It defines sintering as the agglomeration of iron ore fines into a porous mass through controlled combustion. It describes the main components and sections of a sinter plant, including raw material preparation, stockpiles, sinter machines, and product screening. It also explains the principles of sintering, where a permeable iron ore and additive mix is ignited to fuse particles together into agglomerates through heat generated within the mix.
The document discusses the history and modern practices of mining. It covers the earliest records of mining from 3000 BC by Egyptians extracting gold, silver and copper. Modern mining involves prospecting, feasibility studies, extracting desired materials using surface or underground techniques, and reclaiming land after closure. Key aspects covered include exploration methods, resource and reserve estimation, adhering to mining codes, and establishing feasibility studies to evaluate project risk and define scale prior to development and operation.
Practical importance of the Room and pillars method; Different applications of the R & P method; R & P in hard rocks; Conditions of deposit for application of R & P in hard rock; R & P equipment in hard-rock; R & P in soft rocks; Conditions of deposit for application of R & P in soft rock; Characteristics of R & P method in non-coal applications; R & P classic;Step mining; Post-pillar mining; Configuring the R & P method in coal; Main design parameters of R & P in coal; dimensions of the galleries; dimensions of the pillars; Mining with or without recovery of pillars; number of front panel; Advantages and Disadvantages; Screws Ceiling; Design of pillars in coal mine
This document discusses the use of hydraulic breakers for rock mining applications as an alternative to blasting. It provides information on how hydraulic breakers can be used for secondary reduction of oversized boulders, selective mining of different rock grades, and removing overburden more efficiently. The document also notes that hydraulic breakers allow continuous mining without interruptions for blasting and can help reduce environmental pollution. Productivity depends on factors like the rock type and discontinuity spacing, and rates may range from 50-680 tons per hour depending on the breaker model and deposit characteristics.
Currently the majority of the world’s steel is produced through either one of the two main routes: i) the integrated Blast Furnace – Basic Oxygen Furnace (BF – BOF) route or ii) the Direct Reduced Iron - Electric Arc Furnace (DRI - EAF) route.
In the former, the blast furnace uses iron ore, scrap metal, coke and pulverized coal as raw materials to produce hot metal for conversion in the BOF. Although it is still the prevalent process, blast furnace hot metal production has declined over the years due to diminishing quality of metallurgical coke, low supply of scrap metal and environmental problems associated with the process. These factors have contributed to the development of alternative technologies of ironmaking, of which Direct Reduction (DR) processes are expected to emerge as preferred alternatives in the future.
This presentation reviews the different DR processes used to produce Direct Reduced Iron (DRI), providing an analysis on the quality requirements of iron-bearing ores for use in these processes. The presentation also discusses the environmental sustainability of such processes. DR processes reduce iron ore in its solid state by the use of either natural gas or coal as reducing agents, and they have a comparative advantage of low capital costs, low emissions and production flexibility over the BF process.
This document provides an engineering guide for selecting screw conveyors. It discusses key considerations for conveyor selection like material characteristics and conveyor capacity. Tables are included to help determine the proper conveyor size, speed, and components based on the material properties and required throughput. The guide walks through a sample problem, selecting a conveyor to transport 10 tons per hour of a specific material considering special flighting and pitch requirements.
The document discusses various topics related to iron making and steel production, including:
1. It defines metallurgy and divides it into extractive metallurgy, physical metallurgy, and other subfields. Extractive metallurgy involves separating and concentrating raw materials.
2. It describes the production of pig iron using a blast furnace, which involves heating iron ore with coke to produce a molten iron alloy containing 3-4% carbon.
3. It then discusses the various processes for producing steel from pig iron, including the Bessemer process, open hearth furnace, and basic oxygen furnace, which reduce the carbon and impurity levels in pig iron
The document provides information about engineering and manufacturing careers. It discusses what engineers do, using science and math to solve problems and create new things. It outlines the skills and education needed to become an engineer, including taking math, science, and technology courses and obtaining a 4-year engineering degree. The document also discusses rewarding aspects of engineering careers like helping people, solving problems, and high paying job opportunities. It provides examples of local engineering and manufacturing companies and colleges that offer engineering degrees.
The document provides 5 CNC machining programs with part sketches, dimensions, tool details, and G-code simulations for:
1) Drilling operations on two different parts
2) Drilling and boring operations on a part with multiple holes and pockets
3) Drilling, boring, and milling operations on a part with complex geometry
4) Drilling, counter-sinking, and milling operations on a part with angled features
5) Drilling, tapping, and milling operations on a part requiring different sized taps
The programs include G-code for absolute and incremental modes to simulate the operations using CADEM software.
Grinding is a precision machining process used to shape and finish components through material removal from metal or other materials. It can achieve surface finishes up to ten times better than other processes like turning or milling. There are different types of grinding including cylindrical grinding, which rotates the workpiece around a fixed axis to machine concentric external surfaces, and internal grinding which uses small wheels to finish the inside of pre-drilled holes. Internal grinders hold the workpiece and have a separate wheelhead and spindle that can move in and out as well as reciprocate for grinding.
This document discusses the calculation of transport and digging capacity for open cast mines. It provides formulas and examples for determining the continuous and actual capacities of trucks and shovels based on factors like bucket size, fill factor, cycle times, and equipment availability. For a mine requiring annual production of 12.7 million tons, the calculations show that 8 trucks with 85-ton capacity and 2 shovels with 7.65-cubic meter buckets would be needed.
presentation about Mining costs and prices of minerals
Cairo University faculty of Engineering Mining Department 2015
WE TALK about :
Costs of mining
Prices of minerals
Risk analysis
Submitted for :
Prof. Dr .Mohamed El Wageh
By:
Ahmed Mohamed Wassel
Mohamed Abdel Nabi Essa
Mahmoud Mustafa Khallaf
The productivity of lhd in underground coal minesSafdar Ali
This document discusses the productivity of LHD machines in underground coal mines. It provides background on coal mining in India and describes the types of underground mining technologies used. Side Discharge Loaders (SDL) and Load Haul Dump (LHD) machines are discussed as examples of intermediate mining technology. The document then calculates the productivity of LHD machines in different coal seams and faces based on machine parameters, haul distances, and cycle times measured from observational data. Productivity is found to range from 103-452 tonnes per day depending on the specific mining conditions and face layout. Longer haul distances and steeper gradients are shown to reduce productivity.
Introduction
Magnesium extraction
a. Pidgeon process
b. Magnotherm process
Extraction of metals from oxide members
c. Electrolytic process (Dow process )
Aluminum extinction
a. Baye’s process
b. Hall- heraoult process
c. Methods of titrating low grades ores
d. Newer process for Aluminum production
Tantalum extraction
This lecture provides an overview of the issues influencing dilution in an underground production environment.
The lecture reviews the dilution problem throughout the entire mining process, and provides a rational approach to underground mine design in order to minimize dilution.
The stages contributing to dilution include orebody delineation, design and sequencing, stope development, drilling and blasting, production and mine management issues.
This lecture provides an overview of the issues influencing dilution in an underground production environment.
The lecture reviews the dilution problem throughout the entire mining process, and provides a rational approach to underground mine design in order to minimize dilution.
The stages contributing to dilution include orebody delineation, design and sequencing, stope development, drilling and blasting, production and mine management issues.
Nature of Mineralization
Geological dilution
Mining Methods and Dilution
Underground Mine Design:
Basic Input
Global (Block) Design Issues
Detailed design issues
Geotechnical Monitoring
Parameters Influencing Dilution:
Orebody delineation
Design and sequencing
Stope development
Drilling and blasting
Production stages
Issues for mine management
The project involves designing a hard rock mine for a greenfield gold deposit located in Papua New Guinea. An initial pre-feasibility study has been conducted including cost estimation, pit optimization, and conclusion. Future tasks include developing an open pit and underground mine design using Vulcan software, reserve calculation, production scheduling, and further economic evaluation and risk assessment.
As a mining project is developed from conceptual to production phases, there exist a variety of uncertainties and difficulties that affect the operation’s designs and economic value.
A notable design parameter to be taken into account is the factor of dilution.
DILUTION
Planned and Unplanned Dilution
Internal and External Dilution
Primary and Secondary Dilution
Factors of Dilution
Mine Value Diminutions Due to Dilution
ORE RECOVERY
Room and Pillar Example
Ore Dilution & Recovery in Mining
Rate of Extraction
This document provides an overview of longwall mining technology in India and compares it to practices in other countries like China. It finds that while longwall mining was introduced in both India and China around the same time, China was more successful by taking a systematic approach and prioritizing large-scale adoption and indigenous development of equipment. In India, longwall faces experienced many issues like inadequate support capacities, poor matching of equipment, and management problems. Lessons from successful countries and focus on areas like developing local equipment suppliers, identifying more longwall blocks, and improving maintenance are needed to better realize the benefits of longwall mining in India.
This document discusses phase transformations that occur during welding of different materials. It covers topics like weld CCT diagrams, carbon equivalent calculations for preheating requirements of steels, welding metallurgy of stainless steels, and Schaeffler and DeLong diagrams. The objectives are to understand weld metal microstructure development, factors affecting weldability, and predicting weld metal phase constitution. Keywords discussed include CCT diagrams, carbon equivalent values, Schaeffler and DeLong diagrams, and microstructures like grain boundary ferrite and Widmanstatten ferrite.
The document discusses the structure and properties of metallurgical slags. It states that slags comprise complex compounds of oxides from gangue minerals and sulphides that protect the metal melt. The structure and properties of slags, such as basicity and viscosity, are controlled by their composition. Network forming oxides like SiO2 form stable hexagonal networks, while network breaking oxides like CaO disrupt these networks. The fraction of ionic and covalent bonding in oxides determines their behavior in slags.
The document discusses the results of analyzing the forecasting performance of the Euro Zone Economic Outlook (EZEO), which provides quarterly economic forecasts for the Euro area. The analysis uses standard accuracy measures to evaluate the one-step, two-step, and three-step ahead forecasts of inflation, GDP, industrial production, consumption, and investment. Preliminary results show the EZEO forecasts are often statistically unbiased and efficient at shorter horizons, but efficiency declines at longer horizons. Statistical tests also suggest the consensus EZEO forecasts are more accurate than the individual country forecasts.
The document discusses the history and modern practices of mining. It covers the earliest records of mining from 3000 BC by Egyptians extracting gold, silver and copper. Modern mining involves prospecting, feasibility studies, extracting desired materials using surface or underground techniques, and reclaiming land after closure. Key aspects covered include exploration methods, resource and reserve estimation, adhering to mining codes, and establishing feasibility studies to evaluate project risk and define scale prior to development and operation.
Practical importance of the Room and pillars method; Different applications of the R & P method; R & P in hard rocks; Conditions of deposit for application of R & P in hard rock; R & P equipment in hard-rock; R & P in soft rocks; Conditions of deposit for application of R & P in soft rock; Characteristics of R & P method in non-coal applications; R & P classic;Step mining; Post-pillar mining; Configuring the R & P method in coal; Main design parameters of R & P in coal; dimensions of the galleries; dimensions of the pillars; Mining with or without recovery of pillars; number of front panel; Advantages and Disadvantages; Screws Ceiling; Design of pillars in coal mine
This document discusses the use of hydraulic breakers for rock mining applications as an alternative to blasting. It provides information on how hydraulic breakers can be used for secondary reduction of oversized boulders, selective mining of different rock grades, and removing overburden more efficiently. The document also notes that hydraulic breakers allow continuous mining without interruptions for blasting and can help reduce environmental pollution. Productivity depends on factors like the rock type and discontinuity spacing, and rates may range from 50-680 tons per hour depending on the breaker model and deposit characteristics.
Currently the majority of the world’s steel is produced through either one of the two main routes: i) the integrated Blast Furnace – Basic Oxygen Furnace (BF – BOF) route or ii) the Direct Reduced Iron - Electric Arc Furnace (DRI - EAF) route.
In the former, the blast furnace uses iron ore, scrap metal, coke and pulverized coal as raw materials to produce hot metal for conversion in the BOF. Although it is still the prevalent process, blast furnace hot metal production has declined over the years due to diminishing quality of metallurgical coke, low supply of scrap metal and environmental problems associated with the process. These factors have contributed to the development of alternative technologies of ironmaking, of which Direct Reduction (DR) processes are expected to emerge as preferred alternatives in the future.
This presentation reviews the different DR processes used to produce Direct Reduced Iron (DRI), providing an analysis on the quality requirements of iron-bearing ores for use in these processes. The presentation also discusses the environmental sustainability of such processes. DR processes reduce iron ore in its solid state by the use of either natural gas or coal as reducing agents, and they have a comparative advantage of low capital costs, low emissions and production flexibility over the BF process.
This document provides an engineering guide for selecting screw conveyors. It discusses key considerations for conveyor selection like material characteristics and conveyor capacity. Tables are included to help determine the proper conveyor size, speed, and components based on the material properties and required throughput. The guide walks through a sample problem, selecting a conveyor to transport 10 tons per hour of a specific material considering special flighting and pitch requirements.
The document discusses various topics related to iron making and steel production, including:
1. It defines metallurgy and divides it into extractive metallurgy, physical metallurgy, and other subfields. Extractive metallurgy involves separating and concentrating raw materials.
2. It describes the production of pig iron using a blast furnace, which involves heating iron ore with coke to produce a molten iron alloy containing 3-4% carbon.
3. It then discusses the various processes for producing steel from pig iron, including the Bessemer process, open hearth furnace, and basic oxygen furnace, which reduce the carbon and impurity levels in pig iron
The document provides information about engineering and manufacturing careers. It discusses what engineers do, using science and math to solve problems and create new things. It outlines the skills and education needed to become an engineer, including taking math, science, and technology courses and obtaining a 4-year engineering degree. The document also discusses rewarding aspects of engineering careers like helping people, solving problems, and high paying job opportunities. It provides examples of local engineering and manufacturing companies and colleges that offer engineering degrees.
The document provides 5 CNC machining programs with part sketches, dimensions, tool details, and G-code simulations for:
1) Drilling operations on two different parts
2) Drilling and boring operations on a part with multiple holes and pockets
3) Drilling, boring, and milling operations on a part with complex geometry
4) Drilling, counter-sinking, and milling operations on a part with angled features
5) Drilling, tapping, and milling operations on a part requiring different sized taps
The programs include G-code for absolute and incremental modes to simulate the operations using CADEM software.
Grinding is a precision machining process used to shape and finish components through material removal from metal or other materials. It can achieve surface finishes up to ten times better than other processes like turning or milling. There are different types of grinding including cylindrical grinding, which rotates the workpiece around a fixed axis to machine concentric external surfaces, and internal grinding which uses small wheels to finish the inside of pre-drilled holes. Internal grinders hold the workpiece and have a separate wheelhead and spindle that can move in and out as well as reciprocate for grinding.
This document discusses the calculation of transport and digging capacity for open cast mines. It provides formulas and examples for determining the continuous and actual capacities of trucks and shovels based on factors like bucket size, fill factor, cycle times, and equipment availability. For a mine requiring annual production of 12.7 million tons, the calculations show that 8 trucks with 85-ton capacity and 2 shovels with 7.65-cubic meter buckets would be needed.
presentation about Mining costs and prices of minerals
Cairo University faculty of Engineering Mining Department 2015
WE TALK about :
Costs of mining
Prices of minerals
Risk analysis
Submitted for :
Prof. Dr .Mohamed El Wageh
By:
Ahmed Mohamed Wassel
Mohamed Abdel Nabi Essa
Mahmoud Mustafa Khallaf
The productivity of lhd in underground coal minesSafdar Ali
This document discusses the productivity of LHD machines in underground coal mines. It provides background on coal mining in India and describes the types of underground mining technologies used. Side Discharge Loaders (SDL) and Load Haul Dump (LHD) machines are discussed as examples of intermediate mining technology. The document then calculates the productivity of LHD machines in different coal seams and faces based on machine parameters, haul distances, and cycle times measured from observational data. Productivity is found to range from 103-452 tonnes per day depending on the specific mining conditions and face layout. Longer haul distances and steeper gradients are shown to reduce productivity.
Introduction
Magnesium extraction
a. Pidgeon process
b. Magnotherm process
Extraction of metals from oxide members
c. Electrolytic process (Dow process )
Aluminum extinction
a. Baye’s process
b. Hall- heraoult process
c. Methods of titrating low grades ores
d. Newer process for Aluminum production
Tantalum extraction
This lecture provides an overview of the issues influencing dilution in an underground production environment.
The lecture reviews the dilution problem throughout the entire mining process, and provides a rational approach to underground mine design in order to minimize dilution.
The stages contributing to dilution include orebody delineation, design and sequencing, stope development, drilling and blasting, production and mine management issues.
This lecture provides an overview of the issues influencing dilution in an underground production environment.
The lecture reviews the dilution problem throughout the entire mining process, and provides a rational approach to underground mine design in order to minimize dilution.
The stages contributing to dilution include orebody delineation, design and sequencing, stope development, drilling and blasting, production and mine management issues.
Nature of Mineralization
Geological dilution
Mining Methods and Dilution
Underground Mine Design:
Basic Input
Global (Block) Design Issues
Detailed design issues
Geotechnical Monitoring
Parameters Influencing Dilution:
Orebody delineation
Design and sequencing
Stope development
Drilling and blasting
Production stages
Issues for mine management
The project involves designing a hard rock mine for a greenfield gold deposit located in Papua New Guinea. An initial pre-feasibility study has been conducted including cost estimation, pit optimization, and conclusion. Future tasks include developing an open pit and underground mine design using Vulcan software, reserve calculation, production scheduling, and further economic evaluation and risk assessment.
As a mining project is developed from conceptual to production phases, there exist a variety of uncertainties and difficulties that affect the operation’s designs and economic value.
A notable design parameter to be taken into account is the factor of dilution.
DILUTION
Planned and Unplanned Dilution
Internal and External Dilution
Primary and Secondary Dilution
Factors of Dilution
Mine Value Diminutions Due to Dilution
ORE RECOVERY
Room and Pillar Example
Ore Dilution & Recovery in Mining
Rate of Extraction
This document provides an overview of longwall mining technology in India and compares it to practices in other countries like China. It finds that while longwall mining was introduced in both India and China around the same time, China was more successful by taking a systematic approach and prioritizing large-scale adoption and indigenous development of equipment. In India, longwall faces experienced many issues like inadequate support capacities, poor matching of equipment, and management problems. Lessons from successful countries and focus on areas like developing local equipment suppliers, identifying more longwall blocks, and improving maintenance are needed to better realize the benefits of longwall mining in India.
This document discusses phase transformations that occur during welding of different materials. It covers topics like weld CCT diagrams, carbon equivalent calculations for preheating requirements of steels, welding metallurgy of stainless steels, and Schaeffler and DeLong diagrams. The objectives are to understand weld metal microstructure development, factors affecting weldability, and predicting weld metal phase constitution. Keywords discussed include CCT diagrams, carbon equivalent values, Schaeffler and DeLong diagrams, and microstructures like grain boundary ferrite and Widmanstatten ferrite.
The document discusses the structure and properties of metallurgical slags. It states that slags comprise complex compounds of oxides from gangue minerals and sulphides that protect the metal melt. The structure and properties of slags, such as basicity and viscosity, are controlled by their composition. Network forming oxides like SiO2 form stable hexagonal networks, while network breaking oxides like CaO disrupt these networks. The fraction of ionic and covalent bonding in oxides determines their behavior in slags.
The document discusses the results of analyzing the forecasting performance of the Euro Zone Economic Outlook (EZEO), which provides quarterly economic forecasts for the Euro area. The analysis uses standard accuracy measures to evaluate the one-step, two-step, and three-step ahead forecasts of inflation, GDP, industrial production, consumption, and investment. Preliminary results show the EZEO forecasts are often statistically unbiased and efficient at shorter horizons, but efficiency declines at longer horizons. Statistical tests also suggest the consensus EZEO forecasts are more accurate than the individual country forecasts.
This document describes using Change Point Analysis (CPA) to detect subtle changes in disease trends in the BioSense public health surveillance system. It details Taylor's cumulative sum (CUSUM) CPA method, which uses bootstrapping to identify significant changes in mean values of time series data and split the data into segments. An example of applying CUSUM CPA to detect changes in the percentage of clinic visits is provided.
The TK pin coupling is a reliable coupling that allows for misalignments between connected shafts while also damping vibrations. It is popular in mining applications and has a long lifetime with no maintenance apart from visual inspections. The flexible elements that dampen vibrations can be replaced without moving the connected machines and come in various materials suitable for different operating conditions. The coupling is available in sizes up to 2000mm in diameter and can be customized for different drives.
The document reports the results of a laser scan inspection of part wm025867-0002. A total of 4172081 data points were captured and 11894 were identified as outliers. The maximum deviation was 1.74 mm and the average deviation was 0.08/-0.12 mm. Annotation views 1-5 identify 30 points (A001-A030) by their X, Y, Z coordinates and deviation from reference in mm. All points were within the tolerance of +/-0.5 mm.
PREDICTION OF TOOL WEAR USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK IN TURNING OF MILD STEELSourav Samanta
1) The document describes using an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict tool wear in turning of mild steel.
2) Experimental data on tool wear was collected for 27 combinations of cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut.
3) An ANN model was developed with the three machining parameters as inputs and tool wear as the output. The model was trained on 70% of the experimental data.
This document discusses how data science involves more than just statistics. It provides examples of how computation can be used to find things to count in text and images, inject context using data from London bike stations and car accident data, change viewpoints such as analyzing data from a supersonic car, and inject new viewpoints like exploring finance portfolio correlations. Computation is a key part of data science that involves techniques beyond just statistics like machine learning, visualization, and other domains.
Action Plan made for Customer Indian Yamaha Motors on receiving Export complaint form Indonesia.
Part name-Boss buffer which is fitted to weight balancer in the Engine.
Complaint-OD-36.00(-0.03/-0.046mm) Oversize by 0.05mm.
Problem-Fitment issue in the Engine assembly.
This document contains a table of values for the standard normal cumulative distribution function φ(z) for z-values ranging from -3 to 2.7 in increments of 0.1. For each z-value, it provides the corresponding φ(z) value which represents the probability that a random variable from the standard normal distribution will be less than or equal to that z-value.
DEEP CHAND DAYAL CHAND & COMPANY is based in the New Delhi (INDIA) since 1955 and is one of the largest importers and wholesalers of bearings throughout INDIA . DCDC is the Sole Importers of FLT Ball Bearing from Poland & Pillow Block Bearings from China .The company specializes mainly in Chinese, Polish and Indian branded products. Our stocks are located centrally in the New Delhi and distribute throughout INDIA.
This document contains a table that lists the standard normal distribution probabilities (P[Z ≤ z]) for z-scores between -3.5 and 1.8 in increments of 0.1. It gives the probability that a random variable from the standard normal distribution will be less than or equal to each corresponding z-score.
DSD-NL 2014 - iMOD Symposium - 9. iPEST - iMOD parameter estimation, Peter Ve...Deltares
iPEST is a software package that performs automated parameter estimation of groundwater models. It works by minimizing the summed differences between measured and calculated values, such as groundwater levels and flows, by adjusting model parameters such as hydraulic conductivities and storage coefficients. It uses the Levenberg-Marquardt method to minimize the objective function through successive iterations, using gradient-based and Gauss-Newton approaches to guide the parameter adjustments toward the minimum summed difference. The document provides details on iPEST's parameter estimation methodology and capabilities.
We take great pleasure in introducing our company to your esteemed organization. Venus Technology is a service provider company, which is established in the beginning of 2001, which provides solution in Design, Developments & Manufacturing of sheet metal dies, BIW Fixture, Gauges & Checking Fixture, Plastic Mouldings Dies, Casting Design & CAD / CAM / CAE services with consistent quality, which enables us as best in service to our most valuable customers like TATA Motors, TATA Automotive Ltd. (TAL), Bajaj Auto Ltd., Precision Automation & Robotics India Ltd.(PARI), Gange Pressings Pvt. Ltd., International Auto Ltd., Onkar Dies Pvt. Ltd., Comau (I) Pvt. Ltd., Conex Avio Auto (I) Pvt. Ltd., Atlas Copco (I) Ltd. & many other small scale Industries in Bhosari, Chakan Pune MIDC area.
We not only ensure that your deadline is met and at the same time we will ensure that all aspects of your project would confirm to the main concept. This will leave no doubt that your projects worked through us will meet with success. It is our corporate philosophy to provide quality and creative work with the minimum of inconvenience to our customers and at affordable expenses.
This document summarizes the author's PhD work on analyzing the reliability of nano-scale circuits. It discusses how threshold voltage variations, process variations, and negative bias temperature instability aging affect circuit reliability. Analytical and simulation-based techniques are used to model these effects and compute failure probabilities. The author's future work will apply these techniques to evaluate reliability for logic paths in combinational and memory circuits fabricated with emerging technologies like FinFETs.
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Ground Vibration Control Using Signature Hole Method - Thesis BE Mining, Universitas Sriwijaya
1. Analysis of Optimum Intershot Delay Arrangement Using Signature Hole
Method to Control Ground Vibration at Pit Pinang South ,
PT Kaltim Prima Coal, Sangatta.
Muhamad Rizky
03121402003
Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia
muhamad.rizky6694@gmail.com
Thesis
Bachelor Degree of Mining Engineering Department
UNIVERSITAS SRIWIJAYA
3. INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
• The Signature hole method is not only an interesting theory, it works in
the field. Combined with electronic detonators and advanced
modeling software, it provides a huge benefit in vibration level
reduction. Without changing the charge per delay, results between 30%
and 70% of PPV reduction can be achieved with an accuracy of
prediction of 10%.
(THE TRUTH ABOUT SIGNATURE HOLE METHOD 2010 Thierry Bernard Technologie, DNA-Blast
Software, Nice, France)
Signature hole method
Intershot delay
4. INTRODUCTION
OBJECTIVE
General Objective :
Determining The optimum Intershot Delay using
Signature Hole Method combined with electronoc to
achieve PPV target max. 3 mm/s in Pit Pinang South.
Spesific Objective :
• Undertsanding The Technical Planning of Signature
Hole Method.
• Understanding The Analysis of Signature Waveform
to determine The Optimum Intershot delay.
• Understanding The Simulation of Intershot Delay in
Software Shotplus.
• Knowing The Actual PPV of Using the intershot delay
from Field Trial.
• The Research Location in Pit Pinang South and
Lithology assumed Homogen.
• Tie up system used with electronic detonator.
• The research did not change blasting geometry
and charging quantity and hence did not analyze
fragmentation and cost.
• Method Used in reducing ground vibration level
is Signature Hole Method through conducting
simulation and field trial toward intershot delay.
SCOPE
5. INTRODUCTION
RESEARCH FLOWCHART
Trial Signature Hole Project
Data Processing and Analysing
Split Signature Hole Wave --- Get Representative Signature Hole Wave
Simulate Signature Hole Analysis -- Get PPV result from varians of intershot delay
Determine Intershot Delay --- Get Optimum Intershot Delay
Simulate in Software --- Get the Timing Design
Field Trial of Optimum Intershot Delay
Not ValidValid
EvaluationRecommendation
Conclusion
6. S I G N AT U R E H O L E A N A LY S I S
( S H A )
8. DATA PROCESSING
Blastmate III
File of Vibration data
Blastware 10
2. Read data Using Blastware
3. Convert to .txt file4. Analyze and process the data in Microsoft ecxcel
Split signature wave, analyze with Signature hole analysis, Determine
optimum Intershot Delay
1. Record blasting vibration
9. SIGNATURE HOLE ANALYSIS
𝑷𝑷𝑽 = (𝑻 𝟐)+(𝑽 𝟐)+(𝑳 𝟐)
Note :
T = tranversal wave velocity
V = vertikal wave velocity
L = longitudinal wave velocity
Linier superposition theory
Analisis signature hole was conducted based on linier superposition theory. Peak particle
velocity (PPV) can be determined by this equation:
Constructive Interference Destructive Interference
Wave Resultant
The Sum of each Individual Wave
11. NOTE
Based on Signature Hole Analysis – Simulation with
several Intershot Delays
(8ms, 16ms, 32ms, 40ms, 48ms, 56ms, 64ms, 72ms, 80ms, 88ms, 96ms,
104ms)
64 ms is the Optimum Intershot Delay to reduce
vibration, that will result PPV 1.68
Therefore, There was a Decreasing of PPV at about
16.34% from the Simulation Using Linier
Superposition Concept
Example : Signature Hole Wave
PPV : 2.011
SHA – Simulation
Intershot Delay 64 ms
PPV : 1.682
SHA – Simulation
Intershot Delay 32 ms
PPV : 3.145
SHA SIMULATIONUsing Microsoft Excel 2010
13. No. Tanggal Trial
Signature
hole
Titik
Ukur
D (m) L (m) PC (Kg) T (m) Ket.
1 02/05/2016
PN11WK17
P1
SH-1 A 755 8.5 126 5 No
2 13/05/2016
PN21WK19
P1
SH-1 A 564 5.4 69 3.5 No
3 03/06/2016
PN20WK22
P1
SH-1 A 740 5.4 70 3.1 No
SH-2 A 733 5 70 3.1 No
4 11/06/2016
PN30WK23
P2
SH-1 B 695 10.5 205 6.5 Yes
SH-2 B 705 9.5 174 6.5 Yes
5 30/06/2016
PN22WK25
P1
SH-1 A 1007 4 63 2.8 No
SH-2 A 1018 4.5 74 3.3 No
6 30/06/2016
PN02WK26
P1
SH-1 C 882 5.2 83 3.3 Yes
SH-2 C 891 5.3 83 3.3 Yes
7 30/06/2016
PN13WK26
P1
SH-1 A 598 5.8 92 3.5 Yes
SH-1 C 757 5.8 92 3.5 Yes
SIGNATURE HOLE PROJECT
Blasting
Parameters
Value
Burden 7.4 m
Spasi 8.5 m
Hole Diameter 200 mm
Blasthole Inclination Vertical
Detonator Elektronik (Unitonic 600)
Initiation System Box Cut - Rectangular Staggered
Delay System 48 ms (Inter-hole) dan 104 ms (Inter-
row)
14. DATA- PN30WK23
Signature Hole 2Signature Hole 1
PPV Result – TRIAL Simulation with varians Intershot Delay
Optimum intershot delay was determined at 40 ms
SHA SIMULATION – PN30WK23
Signature Hole D (m) H (m) C (kg) T (m) PPV (mm/s) PPV PH (mm/s)
SH-1
700
10.5 205 6.5 2.69
6.16
SH-2 9.5 9.5 6.5 2.44
PPV Decreasing: 60.7% PPV Decreasing : 66.7%
SH-1 SH-2
PH
15. Signature Hole D (m) H (m) C (kg) T (m) PPV (mm/s) PPV PH (mm/s)
SH-1
885
5.4 83 3.3 0.815
2.06
SH-2 5.2 83 3.3 0.526
SHA SIMULATION – PN02WK26
PPV Result – TRIAL Simulation with varians Intershot Delay
Signature Hole 2Signature Hole 1
Optimum intershot delay was determined at 40 ms
SHA SIMULATION – PN02WK26
DATA – PN02WK26
8 ms 4.03 mm/s
16 ms 1.78 mm/s
24 ms 1.31 mm/s
32 ms 0.92 mm/s
40 ms 0.92 mm/s
48 ms 0.97 mm/s
56 ms 0.98 mm/s
64 ms 1.35 mm/s
72 ms 1.28 mm/s
80 ms 1.05 mm/s
88 ms 1.26 mm/s
96 ms 1.04 mm/s
104 ms 1.22 mm/s
PPV MAX.INTERSHOT DELAY
8 ms 6.24 mm/s
16 ms 2.53 mm/s
24 ms 2.28 mm/s
32 ms 1.53 mm/s
40 ms 1.32 mm/s
48 ms 1.39 mm/s
56 ms 1.43 mm/s
64 ms 1.93 mm/s
72 ms 2.68 mm/s
80 ms 2 mm/s
88 ms 2.13 mm/s
96 ms 1.5 mm/s
104 ms 1.56 mm/s
PPV MAX.INTERSHOT DELAY
PPV Decreasing 55.33%PPV Decreasing : 35.9 %
SH-1 SH-2
PH
16. DATA – PN13WK26
Signature Hole D (m) H (m) C (kg) T (m) PPV (mm/s) PPV PH (mm/s)
SH 600 5.8 92 3.5 1.13 3.3
Signature Hole D (m) H (m) C (kg) T (m) PPV (mm/s) PPV PH (mm/s)
SH 757 5.8 92 3.5 0.65 2.22
Signature Hole Signature Hole
8 ms 9 mm/s
16 ms 3.44 mm/s
24 ms 2.58 mm/s
32 ms 2.05 mm/s
40 ms 1.32 mm/s
48 ms 1.34 mm/s
56 ms 1.66 mm/s
64 ms 1.66 mm/s
72 ms 2.63 mm/s
80 ms 1.66 mm/s
88 ms 1.5 mm/s
96 ms 2.12 mm/s
104 ms 1.84 mm/s
PPV MAX.INTERSHOT DELAY
8 ms 6.6 mm/s
16 ms 2.26 mm/s
24 ms 1.73 mm/s
32 ms 1.43 mm/s
40 ms 1.08 mm/s
48 ms 1.26 mm/s
56 ms 1.3 mm/s
64 ms 1.11 mm/s
72 ms 1.4 mm/s
80 ms 1.1 mm/s
88 ms 0.94 mm/s
96 ms 1.12 mm/s
104 ms 1.11 mm/s
PPV MAX.INTERSHOT DELAY
Optimum intershot delay was determined at 40 ms
PPV Decreasing : 60 % PPV Decreasing : 51.3 %
SH-1 SH-1
PH PH
17. Data of Signature Holes PPV actual PPV (Trial 40 ms) Decreasing
PN30WK23 SH1 6.16 2.42 60.70%
SH2 6.16 2.05 66.70%
PN02WK26 SH3 2.06 1.32 35.90%
SH4 2.06 0.92 55.30%
PN13WK26 SH5 3.3 1.32 60%
SH6 2.22 1.08 51.30%
Average PPV decreasing
54.98 %
• From SHA, The Optimum intershot delay was determined at 40 ms – (lowest PPV)
• The Simulation of Using Intershot delay 40 ms showed avarage PPV decreasing at about 54.98%.
RESUME
18. PPV 1.52 mm/s
TRIAL #1
PPV 1.83 mm/s
FIELD TRIAL
TRIAL #2
Intershot delay 40 ms
19. Trial
D
(m)
MIC
(kg)
PPV
actual
PPV Plan
(loading sheet)
From engineer
Var.
PPV Decreasing
(%)
PN10WK30 635 100 1.83 2.86 1.03 36.014
PN05WK31 590 100 1.52 2.99 1.47 49.164
RESUME OF FIELD TRIAL
Average PPV Decreasing
42.58 %
According to field trials using intershot delay 40 ms, they
resulted average PPV decreasing at about 42.58%
21. SUMMARY
Based on previous result mentioned, hence there can be summarized that:
1. Ground vibration control using signature hole analysis by applicating the optimum intershot delay can be
conducted trough several steps, among such steps are:
• Planning made was focused at 1-2 holes blast for the signature holes from blasting plan made by engineer.
Applicate delay timing about 3 second between signature hole and production holes.
• Vibration recording uses Blastmate III. Data that can be read in Blastware 10 need to be converted to .txt
file
• Wave splitting between Signature hole and production hole and data pocessing can be done through
Microsoft excel to determine the optimum intershot delay.
2. Simulation of Signature Hole Analysis (SHA) using Microsoft excelnachieved the optimum intershot delay at 40
ms with average PPV decreasing at about 54.98 %.
3. Applicating Intershot delay 40 ms in field trials achieved average PPV decreasing at about 42.58.
22. REFERENCES
Bernard, T. (2010). The Truth About Signature Hole Method. Nice, France: Thierry Bernard Technologie. .
Cunningham C. V. B. (2000). The effect of timing precision on control of blasting effects. Proceedings 1st EFEE Conference
on Explosives and Blasting Technique. Munich. pp. 123–127.
Gokhale B.V. (2009). Rotary drilling and blasting in large surface mines. Leiden, Netherland: CRC Press/Balkema.
Hustrulid, W. (1999). Blasting Principles For Open Pit Mining Volume 1. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema.
Jimeno, C.L. dan Jimeno, E.L. (1995). Drilling and Blasting of Rocks. Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema.
Koesnaryo ,S. (2001). Pemboran Untuk Penyediaan Lubang Ledak. Yogyakarta: Teknik Pertambangan, UPN ‘Veteran’.
Konya, C.J., and Walter, E.J. (1990). Surface Blast Design. New Jersey, U.S.A: Prentice Hall. Englewood Cliffs.
Kusumaatmaja, S. (1996). Kepmen LH No.49 Tahun 1996: Baku Tingkat Getaran. Jakarta : MENLH.
Richards, A. B., Evans, R., and Moore A. J. (1994). Blast Vibration Control and Assessment Techniques. Proceedings of the
Fourth Large Open Pit Mining Conference, Australian Institute of Mining & Metallurgy. Perth, Western Australia.
SNI. (2010). SNI 7571:Baku Tingkat Getaran Peledakan pada Kegiatan Tambang Terbuka Terhadap Bangunan. Bandung:
BSN.
Turnbull, B. (2008). Just for the Record: Signature Hole Analysis. New York, USA: Instantel.
Yang, R., Scovira, D. S., & Patterson, N. J. (2009). An integrated approach of signature hole vibration monitoring and
modeling for quarry vibration control. International symposium on Rock fragmentation by blasting, London. pp. 597-
605.