This document provides an overview of mining and mineral processing basics. It discusses different types of mining including surface mining techniques like open pit and strip mining, as well as subsurface mining techniques like room and pillar and longwall mining. It also covers drilling methods, blasting methods, fragmentation, sizing, dewatering, industrial screens, coal washing processes and equipment, iron ore processing, beneficiation, and pelletization. Additionally, it lists major mineral deposits found in India and the states they are located in.

1. Basics to Mining & Mineral Processing
Presented By Rajesh Patnaik
Sr. Sales Engineer –Eastern India

2. Mining:
• Mining is systematic extraction of ores or minerals from the ground.

3. Types of Mining
• Surface Mining:
• Open pit Mining
• Strip Mining
• Sub-Surface (Underground ) Mining :
• Room & Pillar Mining
• Long wall Mining

4. Types of Drilling Methode:(Exploration)

5. Mechanical Drilling Methods :

6. Types of Blasting Methode :

7. Fragmentation :
• Fragmentation is described as the size of individual piece of rock after blasting.

8. Sizing:
Sizing is the process of separating a mixture of grains of different size into groups or grades whose
characteristics is that the particles there in are necessary of same size, that have passed an aperture of certain
dimension and failed to pass through some smaller aperture
Sizing is the process of Production of a final product having a specific size.
PURPOSES OF SIZING:
1. SIZING OR CLASSIFYING - to separate particles by size, usually to provide a downstream unit process with
the particle size range suited to that unit operation;
2. SCALPING - to remove the coarsest size fractions in the feed material, usually so that they can be crushed or
removed from the process;
3. GRADING- to prepare a number of products within specified size ranges. This is important in quarrying and
iron ore, where the final product size is an important part of the specification;
4. MEDIA RECOVERY - for washing magnetic media from ore in dense medium circuits;

9. 5.DEWATERING- to drain free moisture from a wet sand slurry;
6.DE-SLIMING OR DE-DUSTING - to remove fine material, generally below 0.5 mm from a wet or dry feed
.
7.TRASH REMOVAL - usually to remove wood fibers from a fine slurry stream.
8. To cut off the fine end from either feeds and thus save power and overgrinding

10. Dewatering is the process of removal of moisture or liquid content from ore .
Dewatering:

11. Types of Industrial Screens
Wet & Dry
Fixed
Screen
Grizzlies
Roll Screens
Flat
Screens
Punched
Screens
Moving
Screen
Conveying
Screen
Rotating
Screens
Trommels
Vibrating
Screens
Horizontal
Inclined

12. Coal Washing Process:

13. Coal Washing Equipments:
 Centrifuges:
 Uses centrifugal force to remove moisture content from fine and coarse coal to reduce overall weight as
coal retains fluid longer than any other mineral.
 Basic Mechanism:

14. Coarse Dewatering screen:

15. Iron Ore Processing :
• Use of Blast furnace is the major mode of Iron Making.
• It is an established fact that the amount of energy consumption and out put of a steel plant is directly
propositional to the quality of the raw material particularly iron Input.
• Feed of raw iron can be any in any of the below form:
 Pig Iron – Lumpy Iron Ore
 Base Mix/Agglomerates ( Mix of Sinter ,Pellets & Coke & Flux(Limestone & Dolomite).
 The general practice in the Indian stee industry is to consume high grade Iron ore >62% Fe.
 Iron Ore Beneficiation: Beneficiation is the process for improvement of Iron ore content and reduction of
alumina & Silica.
 Iron ore Pelletization: Pelletizing is a process which involves mixing of very finely ground particles of ironore fines having a size which is less
than200mesh(0.074 mm)with additives likebentoniteand then shaping them into near oval/spherical balls havingsize in therangeof 8mmto 16 mm in
diameter by a pelletizer and hardening theballs by firing with a fuel.

16. Iron Ore Beneficiation Processes:
 Types Of Iron Ore Beneficiation:
Dry Process Dry-Cum-Wet Process Wet Process
• Dry Process:

17. Dry-Cum-Wet Process:
Flow Sheet of NMDC-Biladhal

18. Wet Process:

20. Types of Iron Ore Washing :
• Gravity Concentration :
• Heavy Media Separation:
• Heavy Media Cyclone:
• Jigging:
• Spirals

21. WW Flat Panels & Polywedge:
• Coal washing plant during:
• Desliming.
• Fine separation.
• Corse washing.
• Iron Ore Beneficiation:
• Fine Separation.
• Dewatering Cycle.
• Steel Plant:
• Blast Furnace for Fines sizing.
• MRP (Metal Recovery Plant) for slag washing.
•
Johnson range of products and application
for Mining :

22. Pu Panels:
• The basic purpose of using Pu in place of SS panels is:
• Less weight resulting in less over all deck weight which in-turn increases over all
TPH of the system.
• In specific applications SS gives less wearable life where Pu performs better I.e –
Iron Ore & Coke.
• Uses can be found in:
• CHP(Coal Handling Plant).
• Coal Washery in dewatering application.
• Iron ore wet plants in fine separation and
dewatering application.

23. Hardox Sizing Panels /Preforated Plates:
• Used in predominantly sizing application which are highly abrasive in nature with substantial
impact on the panels in expected.
• Applications:
• Bauxite handling units.
• Iron ore pellet plants.
• Sinter Plant –Steel Plant.
• Coke Plant – Steel Plant.

24. Indian Mineral Deposits:
Classification of Minerals

25. Mineral Deposits in India:

26. Mineral Deposits in India:

27. Mineral/ Metal/ Non Metal State
Coal Jharkhand
Bauxite (Aluminium Ore)
Chromite (Chromium Ore)
Iron Ore
Manganese
Odisha
Lead & Zinc
Calcite (Source of Marble
Gypsum (used in fertilizer, plaster of Paris etc.)
Rajasthan
Asbestos
Limestone
Mica
Barytes (used as weighing agents for drilling fluids in
oil & gas exploration, barium is used in CT Scan)
Andhra Pradesh
Diamond
Copper Ore
Madhya Pradesh
Gold Karnataka
Corundum (source of ruby, sapphire) Maharashtra
Rock Salt Himachal Pradesh
Crude Oil Gujarat
Natural Gas Assam / Nagaland