This document provides examples and explanations for using the present perfect tense in English. It discusses how the present perfect is used to describe actions that began in the past and continue in the present, actions that occurred at an unspecified time in the past, and recent past actions. It also explains how words like "since," "for," "just," "already," and "yet" are often used with the present perfect. Finally, it gives practice examples of forming affirmative, negative, and interrogative sentences in the present perfect simple tense.

2. Examples: You have seen that movie many times. (affirmative) Have you seen that movie many times? (interrogative) You have not seen that movie many times. (negative)

3. SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + VERB PAST PARTICIPLE + OBJECT (+) Ex: I have bought a car. Ex: She has bought a car. SUBJECT + HAVEN’T / HAS NOT + VERB PAST PARTICIPLE + OBJECT (-) Ex: I haven’t bought a car. Ex: She has not bought a car. HAVE/HAS + SUBJECT + VERB PAST PARTICIPLE + OBJECT + ? (?) Ex: have you bought a car? Ex: has she bought a car?

4. You CANNOT use the Present Perfect with specific time expressions such as: yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in, at that moment, that day, one day, etc. We CAN use the Present Perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never, once, many times, several times, before, so far, already, yet, etc.

5. ACTIONS THAT STARTED IN THE PAST AND ARE STILL CONTINUING. ACTIONS WHICH HAPPENED AT SOME UNKNOWN TIME IN THE PAST (EXPERIENCE). ACTIONS WHICH HAPPENED IN THE PAST, BUT HAVE AN EFFECT IN THE PRESENT. RECENT PAST.

6. When speaking about something that started in the past and has continued up until now, we use words such us FOR and SINCE. For: with a length of time. Ex: I’ve lived here for five years. Since: with a starting time. Ex: I’ve been a teacher since 2007.

7. You can use the Present Perfect to describe your experience. It is like saying, "I have the experience of..." You can also use this tense to say that you have never had a certain experience. Ex: Joan has studied two foreign languages Ever & Never. Examples: He has never travelled by train. A: Have you ever met him?. B: No, I have not met him.

8. The action happened at some time in the past, but the effect of the action is still important now. Examples: I’ve lost my keys. (still missing) I’ve cut my finger –and now it’s bleeding- (still injured)

9. Recently completed actions. Key words: just, already and yet. Examples: He has JUST played football (it is over now). Have you finished yet? I’ve already written the report (here it is)

10. We use just to express actions that happened RECENTLY. Ex: Maria has JUST finished her homework (not so long ago) Ex: It has just started to rain.

11. We use ‘already’ to express actions that have finished before the actions were expected to finish. I have already done my homework Jorge has already watched ‘Transformers’ the movie. Cinthia has already read that book.

12. We use yet for negative and interrogative sentences. It is used to express expectations. (ya or aún in spanish) Ex: Have you eaten sushi yet? (you expected that the other person has already eaten sushi) Ex: I haven’t been to Europe yet. (But I expect to go)

13. 1) We often use NEVER and EVER with the PPS to talk about experience. 2) We often use SINCE and FOR to say how long the action has lasted. 3) We often use JUST, ALREADY and YET with the PPS for a recently completed action in the past.

14. Write sentences in present perfect simple. they / ask / a question They have asked a question. he / speak / English I / be / in my room we / not / wash / the car Annie / not / forget / her homework

15. Write questions in present perfect simple. they / finish / their homework Have they finished their homework? Sue / kiss / Ben the waiter / bring / the tea Marilyn / pay / the bill you / ever / write / a poem