The document provides information about using the Simple Present and Present Continuous tenses in English. It discusses when each tense is used, their grammatical forms, exceptions, signal words that indicate each tense, and examples of how to use each tense correctly in sentences. Certain verbs like "be", "have", and verbs related to senses are usually only used in the Simple Present tense. The document also compares when each tense is used to describe daily routines, future arrangements, and ongoing actions.
PPT Bahasa Inggris: The Difference Between TensesUNESA
Simple Present vs Present Continuous. Form. Use. Timetable/Schedule or arrangement. Certain Verbs. Excercise. Simple Past vs Past Continuous. Form. Use. Certain time in the past or just/already/yet. Signal words. Excercise.
Verb Tenses English clearly explained. These tenses are the most frequently used in the English language. Master your verbs and tenses and you will master the English language!
PPT Bahasa Inggris: The Difference Between TensesUNESA
Simple Present vs Present Continuous. Form. Use. Timetable/Schedule or arrangement. Certain Verbs. Excercise. Simple Past vs Past Continuous. Form. Use. Certain time in the past or just/already/yet. Signal words. Excercise.
Verb Tenses English clearly explained. These tenses are the most frequently used in the English language. Master your verbs and tenses and you will master the English language!
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
1. INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF FINANCE TECHNOLOGY AND
SCIENCE
THEME TRAVEL
NAME ERGASHEV ANVARJON
GROUP FFD-05
2.
3. Simple Present/Present Simple
Use:
1) repeated actions
My friend often draws nice posters.
2) things in general
The sun rises in the East.
3) fixed arrangements, scheduled events
The plane flies to London every Monday.
4) actions in the present - one follows after the other
First I get up, then I have breakfast.
5) instructions
Open your books at page 34.
6) with special verbs
I understand English.
Signal words:
every day, often, always, sometimes, never
4. Form
infinitive (3rd person singular he, she, it: infinitive + -s)
I read books. My brother reads books.
We sing pop songs. She sings pop songs.
I play handball. John plays handball.
I like computers.
I don't like computers at all.
My friend likes computers.
My mum doesn't like computers at all.
Negative sentences:
You must not negate a full verb in English. Always use the auxiliary
do, does for negations.
Questions:
Use the auxiliary do.
Do you play football?
Does he play football?
5. PRESENT CONTINUOUS is used for things…
• that are HAPPENING NOW, AT THE MOMENT
I'm working, so please call me back later.
Look! It is raining.
Are you enjoying this party?
I'm studying, can you be quiet?
The phone is ringing – can you answer it?
• that you are IN THE MIDDLE OF, but maybe NOT DOING NOW
I'm reading War and Peace at the moment. You can borrow it when
I'm finished.
Tom wants to go to Paris, so he's learning French.
I need a new job, so I'm applying with lots of firms in town.
• that are HAPPENING AROUND NOW
Are you working this week? No, I'm sick.
You're working hard this morning. – – – I know, it is because I want
to leave early today.
• that are CHANGING AROUND NOW
His English is certainly improving.
The cost of living is increasing very quickly.
6. SOME EXCEPTIONS…
• HERE COMES and THERE GOES
It is possible and normal to say "Here comes our train” if you mean
"Our train is coming now”.
It is also fine to say "There goes the bus” if you mean "The bus is
going away from us now”.
But, it is incorrect to say "Here is coming the train.” or "There is going
the bus.”
• CONTINUOUS VERBS WITH THE IDEA OF CHANGE
Some verbs which are normally "Non-Continuous” can be used in
continuous form to emphasize the idea of change or development.
These days, more and more people are preferring low-calorie foods.
The water is tasting better today.
I'm liking my job a lot more now than when I started.
(In this sentence, for example, the speaker means that she did not
enjoy her job at the beginning, but that the situation is improving over
time.)
7. Form
• Write the verbs in Present Continuous:
speak - I play - they
run - we bake - she
jump - you
• Write the verbs in Simple Present, 3rd person singular:
be - it eat - she
have - he can - he
wash - she
Use
When to use which tense?
For actions happening regularly, often or never, we use:
For actions happening now, we use:
The verbs 'be', 'have', 'like' and 'want' are normally only used in:
The signal word 'usually' indicates that we have to use:
The signal word 'now' indicates that we have to use:
Positive sentences
• Complete the sentences. Use Simple Present or Present Continuous:
Look! They (leave) the house.
Brian (cycle) 30 km every day.
Samantha (do) her homework at the moment.
My parents (shop) right now.
He usually (get up) early in the morning.
8. Negative sentences
Complete the sentences. Use Simple Present or Present Continuous:
You (see / not) her every day.
The baby (sleep / not) at the moment.
I (read / not) a book now.
We (go / not) to school on Sundays.
He (watch / not) the news every day.
Question
Complete the sentences. Use Simple Present or Present Continuous:
(you / go) on holiday by plane sometimes?
(they / play) computer games every day?
(she / eat) dinner at the moment?
What (they / do) right now?
(she / visit) her grandma very often?
Text
Simple Present or Present Continuous:
Look! Jenny (go) to school.
On her back, Jenny (carry) her school bag.
The school bag (be) very heavy
Normally, Jenny (wear) black shoes, but today she (wear) red wellies.
And look, she (wear) a raincoat because it (rain) outside.
Jenny (not / want) to get wet.
9. Simple Present Present Continuous
infinitive
(3rd person singular: infinitive + 's')
I speak
you speak
he / she / it speaks
we speak
they speak
form of 'be' and verb + ing
I am speaking
you are speaking
he / she / it is speaking
we are speaking
they are speaking
Exceptions
•Exceptions when adding 's' : For can,
may, might, must, do not add s. Example: he
can, she may, it must
•After o, ch, sh or s, add es. Example: do - he
does, wash - she washes
•After a consonant, the final consonant y
becomes ie. (but: not after a vowel) Example:
worry - he worries
but: play - he plays
•Exceptions when adding 'ing' : Silent e is
dropped. (but: does not apply for -ee)
Example: come - coming
but: agree - agreeing
•After a short, stressed vowel, the final
consonant is doubled. Example: sit - sitting
•After a vowel, the final consonant l is
doubled in British English (but not in
American English). Example: travel -
travelling (British English)
but: traveling (American English)
•Final ie becomes y. Example: lie - lying
10. Simple Present Present Continuous
• in general (regularly, often, never)
Colin plays football every Tuesday.
• present actions happening one after
another
First Colin plays football, then he watches TV.
• right now
Look! Colin is playing football now.
• also for several actions happening at
the same time
Colin is playing football and Anne is watching.
Signal words
•always
•every ...
•often
•normally
•usually
•sometimes
•seldom
•never
•first
•then
•at the moment
•at this moment
•today
•now
•right now
•Listen!
•Look!
Note: The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present:
be, have, hear, know, like, love, see, smell, think, want
In general or right now?
Do you want to express that something happens in general or that
something is happening right now?
11. Simple Present Present Continuous
• action set by a timetable or
schedule:
The film starts at 8 pm.
• arrangement for the near future:
I am going to the cinema tonight.
Timetable / Schedule or arrangement?
Do you want to express that something is arranged for the near future?
Or do you refer to a time set by a timetable or schedule?
Simple Present Present Continuous
• daily routine:
Bob works in a restaurant.
• only for a limited period of time
(does not have to happen directly
at the moment of speaking)
Jenny is working in a restaurant this
week.
Daily routine or just for a limited period of time?
Do you want to talk about a daily routine? Or do you want to emphasis
that something is only going on for a limited (rather short) period of time?
12. Certain Verbs
The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present (not in the
continuous form)!
• state: be, cost, fit, mean, suit
Example: We are on holiday.
• possession: belong, have
Example: Sam has a cat.
• senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch
Example: He feels the cold.
• feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish
Example: Jane loves pizza.
• brain work: believe, know, think, understand
Example: I believe you.
• Introductory clauses for direct speech: answer, ask, reply, say
Example:”I am watching TV,” he says.
