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verbs, regular irregular.pptx
- 1. VERBS
- 2. Regular and Irregular Verbs Verbs can be regular or irregular. Regular verbs form their past tense and past participle by adding ed. Base Form -- Past Tense -- Past Participle Walk -- walked -- walked laugh -- laughed -- laughed paint -- painted -- painted
- 3. What Are Regular Verbs? A regular verb is one that conforms to the usual rule for forming its simple past tense and its past participle. In English, the "usual" rule is to add "-ed" or "-d" to the base form of the verb to create the past forms. For example, "bake" is a regular verb because the past tense is "baked" and the future tense is "will bake.“ However, a word such as "write" is an irregular verb, because the past tense form is not "writed," but is rather "wrote.“
- 4. Spelling Rules for Creating the Past Forms of Regular Verbs For regular verbs, the "simple past tense" and "past particle" are formed like this: Add "ed" to most verbs: jump > jumped paint > painted If a verb of one syllable ends [consonant-vowel-consonant], double the final consonant and add "ed": chat > chatted stop > stopped If the final consonant is "w," "x," or "y," don't double it: sew > sewed play > played fix > fixed
- 5. -----Spelling Rules If the last syllable of a longer verb is stressed and ends [consonant-vowel- consonant], double the last consonant and add "ed": incur > incurred prefer > preferred If the first syllable of a longer verb is stressed and the verb ends [consonant- vowel-consonant], just add "ed":open > opened enter > entered swallow > swallowed If the verb ends "e," just add "d": thrive > thrived guzzle > guzzled If the verb ends [consonant + "y"], change the "y" to an "i" and add "ed": cry > cried fry > fried
- 6. Irregular Verbs Irregular verbs form their past tense and past participle in a different way from adding ed. Base Form -- Past Tense -- Past Participle Sit -- sat – sat Ring -- rang -- rung Come -- came – come Cut -- cut -- cut
- 7. What is difference between tense and participle? A verb tense indicates when the action is taking place—in the past, present or future. A verb participle does not indicate the time frame of an action. In fact, participle verbs don't focus on action at all. When a verb is put in its participle form, it actually functions as an adjective that describes a noun.
- 8. Types of Irregular Verbs We distinguish three types of irregular verbs: (1) Verbs in which all three forms are the same (e.g. cut - cut - cut) (2) Verbs in which two of the three forms are the same (e.g. sit - sat - sat) (3) Verbs in which all three forms are different (e.g. ring - rang - rung)
- 9. Type (1) - All three forms are the same- -- Base Form Past Tense Past Participle Base Form Past Tense Past Participle Bet bet Bet burst burst burst Cost cost cost Cut cut cut Hit hit hit Hurt hurt hurt Let let let put put put Read read read Set set set Shut shut shut Split split split Spread spread spread
- 10. Type(2) - Two of the forms are the same Base Form Past Tense Past Participle Base Form Past Tense Past Participle Beat Beat beaten Become became become Bend bent bent Bleed bled bled Breed bred bred Bring brought brought Build built built Burn burnt/burned burnt/burned Buy bought bought Catch caught caught Come came come Creep crept crept Deal dealt dealt Dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreamed
- 11. Type(2) - Two of the forms are the same Base Form Past Tense Past Participle Base Form Past Tense Past Participle Feed fed fed Feel felt felt Fight fought fought Find found found Get got got Hang hung hung Have had -- had Hear heard heard Hold held held Lay laid laid Lead led led Lean lent/leaned lent/leaned Learn learnt/learned learnt/learned Leap leapt/leaped leapt/leaped
- 12. Type(2) - Two of the forms are the same Base Form Past Tense Past Participle Base Form Past Tense Past Participle Leave left left Lend lent lent Light lit lit Lose lost lost Make made made Mean meant meant Meet met met Pay paid paid Run ran run Say said said Sell sold sold Send sent sent Shine shone shone Shoot shot shot Sit sat sat Sleep slept slept Smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled Speed sped sped Spell spelt spelt Spend spent spent Spill spilt/spilled spilt/spilled Speed sped sped
- 13. Type 3: All three forms are different Base Form Past Tense Past Participle Base Form Past Tense Past Participle Begin began begun Bite -- bit -- bitten Drive drove driven Eat -- ate eaten Fall fell fallen Fly flew flown Forbid forbade forbidden Forget forgot forgotten forgive forgave forgiven freeze -- froze frozen give gave given go -- went gone grow grew grown hide -- hid – hidden know knew known lie -- lay – lain mistake mistook mistaken ride -- rode ridden swim swam swum take -- took -- taken tear tore torn throw threw -- thrown
- 14. -----Type 3 Base Form Past Tense Past Participle Base Form Past Tense Past Participle Be was/were been shake shook shaken Blow blew blown show showed shown Break broke broken shrink shrank shrunk Choose chose chosen sing sang sung Do did done sink sank sunk Draw drew drawn speak spoke spoken Drink drank drunk spring sprang sprung ring rang rung steal stole stolen see saw seen stink stank stunk rise rose risen swear swore sworn
- 15. The following verbs have an alternative past participle form (ending in en), which can only be used adjectivally. Verb -- Usual Past Participle -- Adjectival Past Participle Drink -- drunk -- drunken Melt -- melted -- molten Prove -- proved – proven Shave -- shaved -- shaven Shear -- sheared – shorn Shrink -- shrunk – shrunken Sink -- sunk -- sunken Strike -- struck -- stricken
- 16. Practice: Compare the following: A B The iron has melted. A molten iron He has proved it. A proven fact He has shaved off his beard. A clean-shaved face They have sheared the sheep. a shorn sheep The cloth has shrunk. a shrunken head The ship has sunk. a sunken ship The clock has struck five. a grief-stricken widow
- 17. Practice Exercise: Fill in the Past Tense or Past Participle of verb given:- 1- See -- It is years since I --- him. He has --- his best days. 2- Fall -- Of late the custom has --- into disuse. The lot --- upon him. 3- Drink -- The toast was --- with great enthusiasm. 4- Speak -- He --- freely when he was drunk. Punjabi is ---- in Punjab. 5- Wear -- My patience --- out at last. The inscription has --- away in several places. 6- Tear -- In a fit of rage she --- up the letter. The country is --- by factions. 7- Sting -- He has been --- by a scorpion. The remark --- him. 8- Run -- You look as if you had --- all the way home. He --- for his life. 9- Forget -- Once Sydney Smith, being asked his name by the servant, found to his dismay that he had --- his own name. 10- Come -- Computer technology has --- a long way since the 1970s. 11- Bite -- The old beggar was --- by a mad dog. A mad dog --- him. 12- Write -- I think he should have --- and told us. Honesty is --- on his face.