Presentation on teak tree
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
10 likes•9,802 views
Teak is a tall evergreen tropical hardwood tree known as Tectona Grandis that grows up to 30 meters tall. It grows best in a warm, moist climate with temperatures between 13-17°C and 39-44°C, and rainfall between 1,250-3,750 mm annually. Teak grows well in deep, well-drained fertile soil derived from limestone, schist, gneiss, and shale. It has medicinal properties and is used to make furniture, boats, flooring, and more, providing economic value when sold as raw material.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Teak
Teak is an important timber tree native to India and Southeast Asia. Its botanical name is Tectona grandis and it belongs to the Verbenaceae family. Teak is found naturally in peninsular India and is distributed in states like Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka. It has also been introduced to other parts of Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. Teak is a large tree that can grow over 30 meters tall with opposite, elliptic or obovate leaves. It produces white bisexual flowers and one-seeded fruits. Teak is cultivated from seed and used widely for construction, furniture, and other wood products due to its
Teak tectona grandis
Tectona grandis, commonly known as teak, is a large deciduous tree found in a variety of habitats with annual rainfall between 1,250-1,650 mm and a 3-5 month dry season. It is a light demander that is drought and frost tender, but highly resistant to fire, and regenerates well from coppicing and pollarding with a rounded crown. Teak grows best in deep, well-drained loamy to sandy loamy soil and is commonly associated with Acacia catechu and Adina cordifolia. Due to its high oil content, tensile strength and tight grain, teak is suitable for outdoor uses where weather resistance is required, such as
Dalbergia sisso(Sheesham)
Dalbergia sissoo, commonly known as North Indian rosewood, is a fast growing deciduous tree native to the Indian subcontinent and Southern Iran. It has leathery leaves and whitish or pink flowers. D. sissoo is commercially important for its timber, known as sheesham or shisham. It grows up to 25 meters tall and its heartwood is very hard, making it suitable for furniture. D. sissoo has a wide range of uses including construction, animal fodder, fuel, medicine, and teeth cleaning. It is an important timber species in India that is propagated through root suckers and seeds.
Teak morphology and economic importance
Teak is a large deciduous tree native to South and Southeast Asia. It can grow up to 40 meters tall with gray to brown branches. The leaves are entire with petioles 2-4 cm long. Fragrant white flowers appear from June to September in large clusters. The flowers are pollinated by insects or wind. Fruits are fleshy globose structures 1.2-1.8 cm in diameter that contain 1-4 seeds. Teak sheds its leaves from November to January.
1. Avenue Trees.pptx
Avenue tree and ornamental plants cultivation focuses on growing upright trees suitable for planting along streets and in parks/gardens. Avenue trees provide shade, help counteract rising temperatures from climate change, and improve outdoor spaces. Good avenue trees have straight trunks, balanced crowns, and can withstand traffic/paving once mature. Common choices include trees that tolerate partial paving and have uniform growth habits without irregular branching. Larger avenue trees are preferable as they are less vulnerable to damage and have more environmental benefits.
Economic Botany: Cereals: Rice
- Rice originated in Southeast Asia around 13,000-15,000 years ago and was domesticated in India and Southeast Asia. It belongs to the genus Oryza in the grass family.
- The rice plant is an annual grass that grows to heights between 0.5 to 2 meters. It has a branched root system and a hollow stem with nodes bearing leaves and buds. The inflorescence is a branched panicle bearing spikelets.
- Rice is an important staple food for over half the world's population. In addition to food, rice and its byproducts are used for animal feed, fuel, construction materials, and industrial applications like paper and oil production.
tree improvement aspects of teak
This document discusses tree improvement aspects of Tectona grandis (teak). It covers the taxonomy, economic importance, distribution, climate/soil requirements, phenology, silvicultural characteristics, regeneration methods, and teak improvement programs in India. Improvement efforts include seed production areas, plus tree selection, provenance trials, seed orchards, progeny testing, and future strategies involving breeding programs. Vegetative propagation techniques like grafting and tissue culture are also mentioned. Teak is an important timber species that is the focus of long-term improvement efforts to increase growth rates and resistances.
Major firewood and timber yielding plants
The document summarizes several major firewood and timber yielding plants found in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It provides the botanical name, common name, family, description, and uses for 18 different plants. Some of the key species discussed include Tectona grandis (teak), used widely for furniture making; Dalbergia sisso (Indian rosewood) used for construction, musical instruments and furniture; and Shorea robusta (sal tree) which provides a hard and durable wood used locally as a fuel source.
Recommended
Teak
Teak is an important timber tree native to India and Southeast Asia. Its botanical name is Tectona grandis and it belongs to the Verbenaceae family. Teak is found naturally in peninsular India and is distributed in states like Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka. It has also been introduced to other parts of Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, and Central and South America. Teak is a large tree that can grow over 30 meters tall with opposite, elliptic or obovate leaves. It produces white bisexual flowers and one-seeded fruits. Teak is cultivated from seed and used widely for construction, furniture, and other wood products due to its
Teak tectona grandis
Tectona grandis, commonly known as teak, is a large deciduous tree found in a variety of habitats with annual rainfall between 1,250-1,650 mm and a 3-5 month dry season. It is a light demander that is drought and frost tender, but highly resistant to fire, and regenerates well from coppicing and pollarding with a rounded crown. Teak grows best in deep, well-drained loamy to sandy loamy soil and is commonly associated with Acacia catechu and Adina cordifolia. Due to its high oil content, tensile strength and tight grain, teak is suitable for outdoor uses where weather resistance is required, such as
Dalbergia sisso(Sheesham)
Dalbergia sissoo, commonly known as North Indian rosewood, is a fast growing deciduous tree native to the Indian subcontinent and Southern Iran. It has leathery leaves and whitish or pink flowers. D. sissoo is commercially important for its timber, known as sheesham or shisham. It grows up to 25 meters tall and its heartwood is very hard, making it suitable for furniture. D. sissoo has a wide range of uses including construction, animal fodder, fuel, medicine, and teeth cleaning. It is an important timber species in India that is propagated through root suckers and seeds.
Teak morphology and economic importance
Teak is a large deciduous tree native to South and Southeast Asia. It can grow up to 40 meters tall with gray to brown branches. The leaves are entire with petioles 2-4 cm long. Fragrant white flowers appear from June to September in large clusters. The flowers are pollinated by insects or wind. Fruits are fleshy globose structures 1.2-1.8 cm in diameter that contain 1-4 seeds. Teak sheds its leaves from November to January.
1. Avenue Trees.pptx
Avenue tree and ornamental plants cultivation focuses on growing upright trees suitable for planting along streets and in parks/gardens. Avenue trees provide shade, help counteract rising temperatures from climate change, and improve outdoor spaces. Good avenue trees have straight trunks, balanced crowns, and can withstand traffic/paving once mature. Common choices include trees that tolerate partial paving and have uniform growth habits without irregular branching. Larger avenue trees are preferable as they are less vulnerable to damage and have more environmental benefits.
Economic Botany: Cereals: Rice
- Rice originated in Southeast Asia around 13,000-15,000 years ago and was domesticated in India and Southeast Asia. It belongs to the genus Oryza in the grass family.
- The rice plant is an annual grass that grows to heights between 0.5 to 2 meters. It has a branched root system and a hollow stem with nodes bearing leaves and buds. The inflorescence is a branched panicle bearing spikelets.
- Rice is an important staple food for over half the world's population. In addition to food, rice and its byproducts are used for animal feed, fuel, construction materials, and industrial applications like paper and oil production.
tree improvement aspects of teak
This document discusses tree improvement aspects of Tectona grandis (teak). It covers the taxonomy, economic importance, distribution, climate/soil requirements, phenology, silvicultural characteristics, regeneration methods, and teak improvement programs in India. Improvement efforts include seed production areas, plus tree selection, provenance trials, seed orchards, progeny testing, and future strategies involving breeding programs. Vegetative propagation techniques like grafting and tissue culture are also mentioned. Teak is an important timber species that is the focus of long-term improvement efforts to increase growth rates and resistances.
Major firewood and timber yielding plants
The document summarizes several major firewood and timber yielding plants found in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It provides the botanical name, common name, family, description, and uses for 18 different plants. Some of the key species discussed include Tectona grandis (teak), used widely for furniture making; Dalbergia sisso (Indian rosewood) used for construction, musical instruments and furniture; and Shorea robusta (sal tree) which provides a hard and durable wood used locally as a fuel source.
Important fire wood and timber yielding plant 1. dalbergia sissoo 2. a...
This document summarizes three important firewood and timber yielding plants: Dalbergia sissoo, Terminalia arjuna, and Mangifera indica. It provides details on the classification, habitat, morphology, wood properties, and uses of each plant. Dalbergia sissoo is used widely for furniture and construction in North India. Terminalia arjuna has medicinal properties and is used to treat heart and lung conditions. Mangifera indica wood is used for rotary veneer, plywood, furniture, and other wood products in India.
Softwood and Hardwood
Hardwoods come from angiosperms and have broad leaves, while softwoods come from conifers and are needle-leaved. The key anatomical differences are that hardwoods have vessels (pores) and a greater diversity of cell types like fibers, rays, and parenchyma. Softwoods mainly consist of long tracheids that perform conductive and mechanical functions, along with some parenchyma cells. Rays are usually only one cell wide in softwoods, while softwoods also contain resin canals.
Important fire wood and timber yielding plants acacia nilotica and tectona gr...
Important fire wood and timber yielding plants acacia nilotica and tectona gr...gohil sanjay bhagvanji
This document discusses Acacia nilotica and Tectona grandis, important firewood and timber plants. It provides details on their classification, morphology, cultivation, and uses. Acacia nilotica is a moderate sized tree found in dry regions of India and Africa. It is used for carts, tools, and turnery due to its hardness and toughness. Tectona grandis is a tall evergreen tree grown across India. It has yellowish wood that darkens with age. Teak wood is famous for its durability and resistance to fungi, making it useful for construction, furniture, and musical instruments.Gum resins in plants
Gums and gum resins are exudates from various plants. True gums come from plant cell decomposition and contain sugars. They are soluble in water but not alcohol. Important commercial gums include gum arabic from acacia trees, gum tragacanth from astragalus, and karaya gum from sterculia trees. Gum resins contain gums and resins, combining properties of both. They often contain essential oils. Important gum resins include asafetida from ferula, myrrh from commiphora, and olibanum from boswellia trees. Gums and gum resins have various traditional and commercial uses as adhesives, emulsifiers, inc
Herbarium
This document discusses herbariums, which are collections of preserved plant specimens. It outlines the aims of herbariums as preserving plants, contributing to scientific studies, and informing the public. There are three main types: national, regional, and local. The techniques for creating herbarium specimens involve collecting, pressing, drying, poisoning, mounting, labeling, and storing plants. Major steps are collection, pressing, drying, mounting, labeling, and storage in cabinets following a classification system. Herbariums play an important role in research, education, and conservation by preserving specimens and geographical distributions. Several important herbariums in India are highlighted.
Introduction of Non Wood Forest Products
This document discusses non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and focuses on sericulture, the process of silk production. It defines NTFPs as useful substances obtained from forests that do not require tree harvesting. Common NTFPs include seeds, berries, mushrooms, foliage and medicinal plants. The document then discusses the economic importance of NTFPs, providing examples like medicinal plants, game and apiculture. It notes NTFPs can be an important source of income. The document proceeds to describe sericulture, the rearing of silkworms for silk production. It details the life cycle of silkworms, from eggs to cocoon spinning. It explains how silk is produced from the cocoons
Timber yielding Plant
The document summarizes four important timber yielding plants - Sal, Teak, Shisham, and Pine. Sal yields resin used for incense, paints, varnishes and medicine. Teak is a very durable wood used widely in construction, furniture, boats and ships. Shisham is a strong, durable wood used for furniture, construction and aircraft. Pine is also used for construction and wood products.
Fiber yeilding plants : Cotton, Jute & Flax
The document discusses different plant fibers used for textiles, including cotton, jute, and flax. It provides details on the classification, origin, cultivation, and processing of these fibers. Cotton is obtained from the seeds of cotton plants and is the most important agricultural commodity. Jute comes from plants in the genus Corchorus and is a very inexpensive fiber. Flax has been cultivated for thousands of years and produces strong fibers through retting and hacking processes.
Green house
This document provides information on different types of greenhouse structures and designs for a low-cost greenhouse. It discusses various greenhouse styles including lean-to, even span, ridge and furrow, quonset, barrel vault, and Dutch Venlo greenhouses. Net houses and polytunnels are also described. Design details are given for a low-cost 50 square meter greenhouse using locally available materials like casuarina wood, bamboo, polyethylene sheeting, and insect proof net. The dimensions, materials required, and frame work of the low-cost greenhouse are specified. Overall, the document outlines greenhouse types and presents a plan for constructing an inexpensive greenhouse.
Gardening formal and informal garden
This document discusses formal and informal garden styles. Formal gardens have symmetrical designs with components arranged in a mirrored layout. Informal gardens have no symmetry and allow for more variety in elements. Some key features of formal gardens are geometric flower beds, fountains, and symmetrical paths. Informal gardens have irregular shapes, scattered elements, and curved paths. Careful planning is important when designing gardens, considering climate, soil, surroundings, and maintenance needs.
Botanical garden
Botanical gardens are gardens dedicated to collecting, cultivating, and displaying a wide variety of labeled plants. They contain different plant collections like tropical plants, herbs, cacti, and greenhouses. Botanical gardens are often run by universities or research organizations and serve purposes like education, scientific research, conservation, and addressing climate change by sequestering carbon and increasing cloud cover. Some examples of botanical gardens in India include the Empress Garden in Pune, Lalbagh Garden in Bangalore, and the largest in Asia, the Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanical Garden in Kerala.
Wood Seasoning
Seasoning : Definition/Types/Behavior of wood on seasoning/Stacking timber /Seasoning sheds and kilns/Compartment and progressive kilns
Economic Botany : Cereals : Wheat
T. aestivum (common bread wheat) is one of the main species of wheat grown in India. It originated in SW Asia around 7000 BC and was first cultivated in places like Egypt, Europe, and America. Wheat is an annual grass that grows 60-150 cm tall. It has hollow jointed stems, linear leaves, and an erect spike made of spikelets containing flowers. The fruit is an oblong caryopsis 5-10 mm long. Wheat is processed through harvesting, threshing, winnowing, and milling to produce flour for many uses like bread, pastries, and alcoholic beverages.
Para rubber
A SEMINAR ON THE MANUFACTURING OF PARA RUBBER WHERE YOU GET ALL THOSE INFORMATION ABOUT THE MANUFACTURING .THAT'S SUFFICIENT FOR A SEMINAR IN YOUR SEMINAR
Shorea robusta
Shorea robusta, commonly known as sal tree, is a tree native to Nepal, India, and Bhutan that can reach 30 meters in height. Its oleo-resin is extracted from the bark, leaves, fruits, and seeds using solvent extraction. The resin contains chemicals like essential oils, dipterocarpol, and asiatic acid. Locally, the resin is used to treat conditions like dysentery, diarrhea, boils, and toothaches. Various parts of the plant also have traditional medicinal uses as an astringent and for skin diseases.
Food crops (wheat ,chick pea)
This document provides information about wheat and chickpeas. It discusses the origin, morphology, cultivation, and uses of each crop. Wheat originated in southwest Asia approximately 9,000 years ago and is now a globally important food crop. Chickpeas likely originated in southeastern Turkey and the Middle East. Both crops are grown in warm temperate regions, with wheat requiring cooler temperatures and more rainfall than chickpeas. Their seeds are important food sources, and their plants and waste products have various industrial and agricultural uses.
Plant propagation structures in plant nursery.ppt
Plant propagation structures like greenhouses, polyhouses, net houses, plastic tunnels, mist chambers and hot beds play an important role in nursery production. They help maintain optimal climate conditions for seed germination and rooting cuttings. Greenhouses allow year-round production and offer precise environmental control. Polyhouses, net houses and plastic tunnels are also used for off-season propagation. Mist chambers maintain high humidity needed for rooting cuttings. Hot beds provide early seedling starts using supplemental heat. These structures enhance nursery productivity and quality through customized growing environments.
Topiary
This document provides an overview of topiary, including definitions, history, plant characteristics, creation, and maintenance. Topiary is the art of clipping plants such as trees and shrubs into decorative shapes. It was popular in ancient Rome and 17th century England. Plants used for topiary must tolerate pruning and have small, evergreen foliage. Creation involves wiring an outline and training branches to fit while pruning, and maintenance requires regular clipping to preserve the desired shape.
Reaction wood
Reaction wood forms in trees in response to gravitational stimuli that cause stems or branches to bend or lean. There are two types of reaction wood - tension wood in angiosperms and compression wood in gymnosperms. Tension wood forms on the upper side of leaning branches and stems and has high cellulose content, helping pull the branch upwards. Compression wood forms on the lower side and has high lignin, helping straighten and compress the leaning area. The formation of reaction wood helps maintain the angle of bent or leaning parts of trees through its differing mechanical properties compared to normal wood.
Bonsai Horticulture
Bonsai is the Japanese art form of growing and pruning minature trees in containers.Bonsai is an old Chinese art of growing trees. Bonsai comprises a tree or shrub planted in a small container for developing as a miniature plant showing the general appearance of that plant species found in nature.
Secondary 1 Geography-Tropical Savannahs
Tropical savannahs experience very high temperatures between 20 to 30 degrees Celsius and receive rainfall between 200 to 1000 millimeters annually. They are found in central and southern Africa, Venezuela, Brazil, India, and Australia. Tropical savannahs are characterized by tall grass, scattered trees, and small shrubs that are adapted to dry conditions. Fires frequently occur during dry periods and can be caused by lightning.
Plantation forestry
Teak is a valuable hardwood species native to tropical regions of India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and Thailand. It is a tall, deciduous tree reaching 30-40 meters in height, with yellowish-brown heartwood that darkens and takes on a leathery smell as the tree ages. Teak plantations are profitable and established across peninsular India, producing high-quality wood especially in moist, tropical environments. Teak is one of India's most important commercial timbers, used widely for construction and furniture despite being illegally substituted with other woods on the retail market.
More Related Content
What's hot
Important fire wood and timber yielding plant 1. dalbergia sissoo 2. a...
This document summarizes three important firewood and timber yielding plants: Dalbergia sissoo, Terminalia arjuna, and Mangifera indica. It provides details on the classification, habitat, morphology, wood properties, and uses of each plant. Dalbergia sissoo is used widely for furniture and construction in North India. Terminalia arjuna has medicinal properties and is used to treat heart and lung conditions. Mangifera indica wood is used for rotary veneer, plywood, furniture, and other wood products in India.
Softwood and Hardwood
Hardwoods come from angiosperms and have broad leaves, while softwoods come from conifers and are needle-leaved. The key anatomical differences are that hardwoods have vessels (pores) and a greater diversity of cell types like fibers, rays, and parenchyma. Softwoods mainly consist of long tracheids that perform conductive and mechanical functions, along with some parenchyma cells. Rays are usually only one cell wide in softwoods, while softwoods also contain resin canals.
Important fire wood and timber yielding plants acacia nilotica and tectona gr...
Important fire wood and timber yielding plants acacia nilotica and tectona gr...gohil sanjay bhagvanji
This document discusses Acacia nilotica and Tectona grandis, important firewood and timber plants. It provides details on their classification, morphology, cultivation, and uses. Acacia nilotica is a moderate sized tree found in dry regions of India and Africa. It is used for carts, tools, and turnery due to its hardness and toughness. Tectona grandis is a tall evergreen tree grown across India. It has yellowish wood that darkens with age. Teak wood is famous for its durability and resistance to fungi, making it useful for construction, furniture, and musical instruments.Gum resins in plants
Gums and gum resins are exudates from various plants. True gums come from plant cell decomposition and contain sugars. They are soluble in water but not alcohol. Important commercial gums include gum arabic from acacia trees, gum tragacanth from astragalus, and karaya gum from sterculia trees. Gum resins contain gums and resins, combining properties of both. They often contain essential oils. Important gum resins include asafetida from ferula, myrrh from commiphora, and olibanum from boswellia trees. Gums and gum resins have various traditional and commercial uses as adhesives, emulsifiers, inc
Herbarium
This document discusses herbariums, which are collections of preserved plant specimens. It outlines the aims of herbariums as preserving plants, contributing to scientific studies, and informing the public. There are three main types: national, regional, and local. The techniques for creating herbarium specimens involve collecting, pressing, drying, poisoning, mounting, labeling, and storing plants. Major steps are collection, pressing, drying, mounting, labeling, and storage in cabinets following a classification system. Herbariums play an important role in research, education, and conservation by preserving specimens and geographical distributions. Several important herbariums in India are highlighted.
Introduction of Non Wood Forest Products
This document discusses non-timber forest products (NTFPs) and focuses on sericulture, the process of silk production. It defines NTFPs as useful substances obtained from forests that do not require tree harvesting. Common NTFPs include seeds, berries, mushrooms, foliage and medicinal plants. The document then discusses the economic importance of NTFPs, providing examples like medicinal plants, game and apiculture. It notes NTFPs can be an important source of income. The document proceeds to describe sericulture, the rearing of silkworms for silk production. It details the life cycle of silkworms, from eggs to cocoon spinning. It explains how silk is produced from the cocoons
Timber yielding Plant
The document summarizes four important timber yielding plants - Sal, Teak, Shisham, and Pine. Sal yields resin used for incense, paints, varnishes and medicine. Teak is a very durable wood used widely in construction, furniture, boats and ships. Shisham is a strong, durable wood used for furniture, construction and aircraft. Pine is also used for construction and wood products.
Fiber yeilding plants : Cotton, Jute & Flax
The document discusses different plant fibers used for textiles, including cotton, jute, and flax. It provides details on the classification, origin, cultivation, and processing of these fibers. Cotton is obtained from the seeds of cotton plants and is the most important agricultural commodity. Jute comes from plants in the genus Corchorus and is a very inexpensive fiber. Flax has been cultivated for thousands of years and produces strong fibers through retting and hacking processes.
Green house
This document provides information on different types of greenhouse structures and designs for a low-cost greenhouse. It discusses various greenhouse styles including lean-to, even span, ridge and furrow, quonset, barrel vault, and Dutch Venlo greenhouses. Net houses and polytunnels are also described. Design details are given for a low-cost 50 square meter greenhouse using locally available materials like casuarina wood, bamboo, polyethylene sheeting, and insect proof net. The dimensions, materials required, and frame work of the low-cost greenhouse are specified. Overall, the document outlines greenhouse types and presents a plan for constructing an inexpensive greenhouse.
Gardening formal and informal garden
This document discusses formal and informal garden styles. Formal gardens have symmetrical designs with components arranged in a mirrored layout. Informal gardens have no symmetry and allow for more variety in elements. Some key features of formal gardens are geometric flower beds, fountains, and symmetrical paths. Informal gardens have irregular shapes, scattered elements, and curved paths. Careful planning is important when designing gardens, considering climate, soil, surroundings, and maintenance needs.
Botanical garden
Botanical gardens are gardens dedicated to collecting, cultivating, and displaying a wide variety of labeled plants. They contain different plant collections like tropical plants, herbs, cacti, and greenhouses. Botanical gardens are often run by universities or research organizations and serve purposes like education, scientific research, conservation, and addressing climate change by sequestering carbon and increasing cloud cover. Some examples of botanical gardens in India include the Empress Garden in Pune, Lalbagh Garden in Bangalore, and the largest in Asia, the Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanical Garden in Kerala.
Wood Seasoning
Seasoning : Definition/Types/Behavior of wood on seasoning/Stacking timber /Seasoning sheds and kilns/Compartment and progressive kilns
Economic Botany : Cereals : Wheat
T. aestivum (common bread wheat) is one of the main species of wheat grown in India. It originated in SW Asia around 7000 BC and was first cultivated in places like Egypt, Europe, and America. Wheat is an annual grass that grows 60-150 cm tall. It has hollow jointed stems, linear leaves, and an erect spike made of spikelets containing flowers. The fruit is an oblong caryopsis 5-10 mm long. Wheat is processed through harvesting, threshing, winnowing, and milling to produce flour for many uses like bread, pastries, and alcoholic beverages.
Para rubber
A SEMINAR ON THE MANUFACTURING OF PARA RUBBER WHERE YOU GET ALL THOSE INFORMATION ABOUT THE MANUFACTURING .THAT'S SUFFICIENT FOR A SEMINAR IN YOUR SEMINAR
Shorea robusta
Shorea robusta, commonly known as sal tree, is a tree native to Nepal, India, and Bhutan that can reach 30 meters in height. Its oleo-resin is extracted from the bark, leaves, fruits, and seeds using solvent extraction. The resin contains chemicals like essential oils, dipterocarpol, and asiatic acid. Locally, the resin is used to treat conditions like dysentery, diarrhea, boils, and toothaches. Various parts of the plant also have traditional medicinal uses as an astringent and for skin diseases.
Food crops (wheat ,chick pea)
This document provides information about wheat and chickpeas. It discusses the origin, morphology, cultivation, and uses of each crop. Wheat originated in southwest Asia approximately 9,000 years ago and is now a globally important food crop. Chickpeas likely originated in southeastern Turkey and the Middle East. Both crops are grown in warm temperate regions, with wheat requiring cooler temperatures and more rainfall than chickpeas. Their seeds are important food sources, and their plants and waste products have various industrial and agricultural uses.
Plant propagation structures in plant nursery.ppt
Plant propagation structures like greenhouses, polyhouses, net houses, plastic tunnels, mist chambers and hot beds play an important role in nursery production. They help maintain optimal climate conditions for seed germination and rooting cuttings. Greenhouses allow year-round production and offer precise environmental control. Polyhouses, net houses and plastic tunnels are also used for off-season propagation. Mist chambers maintain high humidity needed for rooting cuttings. Hot beds provide early seedling starts using supplemental heat. These structures enhance nursery productivity and quality through customized growing environments.
Topiary
This document provides an overview of topiary, including definitions, history, plant characteristics, creation, and maintenance. Topiary is the art of clipping plants such as trees and shrubs into decorative shapes. It was popular in ancient Rome and 17th century England. Plants used for topiary must tolerate pruning and have small, evergreen foliage. Creation involves wiring an outline and training branches to fit while pruning, and maintenance requires regular clipping to preserve the desired shape.
Reaction wood
Reaction wood forms in trees in response to gravitational stimuli that cause stems or branches to bend or lean. There are two types of reaction wood - tension wood in angiosperms and compression wood in gymnosperms. Tension wood forms on the upper side of leaning branches and stems and has high cellulose content, helping pull the branch upwards. Compression wood forms on the lower side and has high lignin, helping straighten and compress the leaning area. The formation of reaction wood helps maintain the angle of bent or leaning parts of trees through its differing mechanical properties compared to normal wood.
Bonsai Horticulture
Bonsai is the Japanese art form of growing and pruning minature trees in containers.Bonsai is an old Chinese art of growing trees. Bonsai comprises a tree or shrub planted in a small container for developing as a miniature plant showing the general appearance of that plant species found in nature.
What's hot (20)
Important fire wood and timber yielding plant 1. dalbergia sissoo 2. a...
Important fire wood and timber yielding plant 1. dalbergia sissoo 2. a...
Important fire wood and timber yielding plants acacia nilotica and tectona gr...
Important fire wood and timber yielding plants acacia nilotica and tectona gr...
Similar to Presentation on teak tree
Secondary 1 Geography-Tropical Savannahs
Tropical savannahs experience very high temperatures between 20 to 30 degrees Celsius and receive rainfall between 200 to 1000 millimeters annually. They are found in central and southern Africa, Venezuela, Brazil, India, and Australia. Tropical savannahs are characterized by tall grass, scattered trees, and small shrubs that are adapted to dry conditions. Fires frequently occur during dry periods and can be caused by lightning.
Plantation forestry
Teak is a valuable hardwood species native to tropical regions of India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and Thailand. It is a tall, deciduous tree reaching 30-40 meters in height, with yellowish-brown heartwood that darkens and takes on a leathery smell as the tree ages. Teak plantations are profitable and established across peninsular India, producing high-quality wood especially in moist, tropical environments. Teak is one of India's most important commercial timbers, used widely for construction and furniture despite being illegally substituted with other woods on the retail market.
Tea
The document summarizes information about tea plants and the process of manufacturing tea. It discusses that tea comes from the Camellia sinensis plant and describes the two main varieties, China and Assam. It then outlines the steps involved in manufacturing tea, including withering, rolling, fermentation, drying, and grading. Key steps are withering to reduce moisture, rolling to break plant cells and allow enzymatic reactions, and fermentation to produce the colors and flavors characteristic of tea.
Tissue Culture teak
The technique of plant tissue culture, i.e., culturing plant cells or tissues in artificial medium supplemented with required nutrients, has many applications in efficient clonal propagation (true to the type or similar) which may be difficult via conventional breeding methods.
https://www.santhionlineplants.com/
Tissue Culture teak
The technique of plant tissue culture, i.e., culturing plant cells or tissues in artificial medium supplemented with required nutrients, has many applications in efficient clonal propagation (true to the type or similar) which may be difficult via conventional breeding methods.
https://www.santhionlineplants.com/
Tissue Culture teak
The technique of plant tissue culture, i.e., culturing plant cells or tissues in artificial medium supplemented with required nutrients, has many applications in efficient clonal propagation (true to the type or similar) which may be difficult via conventional breeding methods.
https://www.santhionlineplants.com/
Tissue Culture teak
The technique of plant tissue culture, i.e., culturing plant cells or tissues in artificial medium supplemented with required nutrients, has many applications in efficient clonal propagation (true to the type or similar) which may be difficult via conventional breeding methods.
https://www.santhionlineplants.com/
Tissue Culture teak
The technique of plant tissue culture, i.e., culturing plant cells or tissues in artificial medium supplemented with required nutrients, has many applications in efficient clonal propagation (true to the type or similar) which may be difficult via conventional breeding methods.
https://www.santhionlineplants.com/
Tissue Culture teak
The technique of plant tissue culture, i.e., culturing plant cells or tissues in artificial medium supplemented with required nutrients, has many applications in efficient clonal propagation (true to the type or similar) which may be difficult via conventional breeding methods.
https://www.santhionlineplants.com/
Presentation on bamboo tree
Bamboo is a large grass that can grow over 30 meters tall. It grows in many climates from tropical to temperate as long as it receives over 1000mm of rainfall annually. Bamboo grows well in various soil types including heavy clay and loam. It releases more oxygen and absorbs more carbon dioxide than many other plants. Bamboo has many uses including construction, materials, food, and medicine due to its antioxidant and blood pressure regulating properties.
montane forests class 9 geo
Montane forests are ecosystems found in mountainous areas. As elevation increases, the climate gets colder with lower temperatures and higher winds, affecting the type of vegetation that can grow. Different types of forests exist at varying elevations, ranging from wet temperate forests from 1000-2000m containing broadleaf trees, to alpine forests from 3000-3600m containing trees like silver fir and pines. Above 3600m, alpine grasslands dominate and eventually give way to tundra vegetation near snowlines, where mosses and lichens are prevalent.
Natural vegetation
India has a high level of biodiversity with over 47,000 plant species, 15,000 flowering plants, 89,000 animal species, and 1,200 bird species. This diversity is due to factors like varied climate, soil types, and terrain across the country. Several initiatives have been taken by the government to protect flora and fauna, including establishing biosphere reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, and conservation projects for endangered species. However, natural vegetation in India has reduced due to increasing agricultural land, urbanization, and other human activities.
Natura lvegetation and wildlife
1) India has a high level of biodiversity with over 47,000 plant species, 15,000 flowering plants, 89,000 animal species, and 1,200 bird species.
2) The country's varied climate, terrain, soil types, and relief features have led to a wide variety of natural vegetation ranging from tropical rainforests to alpine grasslands.
3) Deforestation, urbanization, grazing, and development have degraded much of India's original natural vegetation, though some intact ecosystems remain in remote or inaccessible areas.
tea ppt.ppt
Tea (Camellia sinensis) was first discovered in China around 2700 BC. There are two main varieties - Camellia sinensis var. sinensis from China and Camellia sinensis var. assamica from India. Tea is processed into either black tea through fermentation or green tea without fermentation. Successful tea cultivation requires specific climate and soil conditions, including rainfall between 1500-4000 mm annually, temperatures between 18-20°C, and acidic soils between pH 4.5-5.5. Tea is propagated through vegetative cuttings and established as a plantation with nursery preparation, planting, mulching, windbreaks, and management to bring the tea plants into bearing and yield.
naturalvegetationandwildlife9th-110127233409-phpapp01.pptx
India has a high level of biodiversity with over 47,000 plant species, 15,000 flowering plants, 89,000 animal species, and 1,200 bird species. This diversity is due to factors like varied climate, soil, and terrain across the country. However, natural vegetation has been degraded due to growing agriculture, industries, urbanization, and overgrazing. The government has taken steps to conserve flora and fauna by establishing biosphere reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, and protecting endangered species through projects like Project Tiger.
Natural Vegetation
Vegetation in India is primarily determined by climate and includes tropical rain forests, tropical deciduous forests, desert vegetation, mountain vegetation, and mangrove forests. The forests can be broadly classified into these categories. Tropical rain forests are found along the western Ghats and parts of northeast India and receive over 200cm of rainfall annually. Tropical deciduous forests are located in the foothills of the Himalayas and parts of central India and are dominated by teak and sal trees. Desert vegetation consists of scattered trees and bushes found in dry regions like Rajasthan. Mountain forests vary from tropical to alpine based on increasing altitude. Mangrove forests near coastal areas provide timber and support local livelihoods. Forests
Tea exports economic growth of tea plantations
Tea is introduced in India in the 18th century, concentrated in the northeast and south. It is grown commercially in traditional regions like Darjeeling, Assam, Nilgiri, and Kangra as well as non-traditional areas. Tea cultivation requires specific climatic factors like soil pH, temperature, rainfall, and sunlight. The tea plant is propagated through vegetative cuttings which are rooted, hardened, and planted. Mature tea bushes are pruned and trained to encourage growth and maximize plucking points for harvest. Tea is plucked by hand or machine and processed into different types depending on harvest season.
Natural vegetation and wild life 9th
India has a diverse range of flora and fauna due to its varied climate, soil and terrain. It is home to 47,000 plant species, 15,000 flowering plants, 89,000 animal species, and over 1,200 bird species. Various factors like relief, soil, climate influence the natural vegetation in India. To protect this natural heritage, the government has established biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and implemented projects like Project Tiger.
Tea copy
This document provides information about tea (Camellia sps). It discusses the origin, uses, cultivation and processing of tea. Some key points:
- Tea originated in Southeast China and is now widely cultivated in India, particularly Assam which accounts for 53% of Indian production.
- There are different varieties used - China bush and Assam tea being the main types. Assam tea is a large-leaf variety suited to warmer climates.
- Tea has various health benefits and is used widely as a beverage due to its caffeine and polyphenol content.
- Cultivation requires specific climate conditions of warm, moist weather with adequate rainfall. Various research stations work to develop high-yielding clones suited
Natural vegetation in the world (Regent Secondary E learning Assignment)
This document describes the major types of natural vegetation found around the world and how they are influenced by climate. It discusses tropical rainforests, temperate deciduous and coniferous forests, tropical and temperate grasslands, and hot and cold deserts. For each vegetation type, it outlines characteristic features like temperature and rainfall ranges as well as plant adaptations. It also notes benefits of natural vegetation for people like wood resources, medicine, recreation, and environmental services.
Similar to Presentation on teak tree (20)
naturalvegetationandwildlife9th-110127233409-phpapp01.pptx
naturalvegetationandwildlife9th-110127233409-phpapp01.pptx
Natural vegetation in the world (Regent Secondary E learning Assignment)
Natural vegetation in the world (Regent Secondary E learning Assignment)
Recently uploaded
在线办理(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(lboro毕业证书)拉夫堡大学毕业证学历证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
All about wildlife, if you are fond of animals and wildlife then do follow us for more content like this
Overview of the Global Peatlands Assessment
Presented by Patrick Scheel at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Peatlands of Latin America and the Caribbean
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
原版制作(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证在读证明一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Newcastle毕业证书)纽卡斯尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Presented by Alexandra Barthelmes at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Presented by Agus Julianto on GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland Sustainably
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge EducationGlobal Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Feri Johana at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyOptimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptx
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...Global Landscapes Forum (GLF)
Presented by Sonya Dewi at GLF Peatlands 2024 - 360 Degree Approach to Improving Capacity of Multiple Stakeholders to Manage Peatland SustainablyMicrobial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Climate Change All over the World .pptx
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Recently uploaded (20)
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
Wildlife-AnIntroduction.pdf so that you know more about our environment
world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
world-environment-day-2024-240601103559-14f4c0b4.pptx
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Global Peatlands Map and Hotspot Explanation Atlas
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Promoting Multilateral Cooperation for Sustainable Peatland management
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Peatland Management in Indonesia, Science to Policy and Knowledge Education
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Improving the Management of Peatlands and the Capacities of Stakeholders in I...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...
Presentation on teak tree
- 2. Introduction Teak is a tropical hardwood species of trees known as Tectona Grandis. Teak is tall evergreen tree. It has yellow blonde reddish brown -wood. It attains the height of about 30 metres.
- 3. Growing region It is mixed deciduous tree and found in the forest area of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra & Karnataka in India.
- 4. Growing season • The best season to plant the teak is monsoon , most probably after the first shower.
- 5. Climatic Conditions Moist, warm tropical climate : Minimum temperature :- 13˚C - 17˚C Maximum temperature :- 39˚C - 44˚C Optimal rainfall :- 1,250 mm - 3,750mm For the production of good quality timber the species require a season. At last four months with less than 60 mm rainfall.
- 6. Suitable Soil Teak can grow in a variety of soil. Need deep, well- drained & fertile soil. Soil derived from limestone, seist, gniess & shale rock.
- 7. Medicinal value Bark of teak is bitter tonic but it is useful in fever. Useful in headache and stomach problem. Digestion may be enhanced.
- 8. Uses Economical Uses Medicinal Uses
- 9. Other Uses & Economic Values • To make furniture, boats, indoor flooring, window & door. • Contains scentes oil which is the repellent to insect. • Leave is used to dye clothes. • To sell raw material in log form to local & export marketing.
- 10. The total area under teak plantation is estimated in 3 million hectares.