The document presents an overview of vapor absorption refrigeration systems, detailing their basic concepts, components, and working principles. It highlights the advantages of absorption systems compared to vapor compression systems, including reduced maintenance and the ability to use thermal energy. The refrigeration cycle involves ammonia as the refrigerant and water as the absorbent, with a flow diagram illustrating the system's operation.

1. PRESENTATION ON
VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS
• Subject Name : Elements Of
Mechanical Engineering
• Subject Code:2110006
• Submitted To:
Rohan Kariya
• Presented By :
Dalsania Deep
Ramani Bhargav
Branch : Sem-Ist IT department
Enrollment No. : 160350116002

2. CONTENTS
• BASIC CONCEPT AND INTRODUCTION
• SIMPLE VAPOUR ABSORPTION SYSTEM
(I)INTRODUCTION
(II)WORKING
• ADVANTAGES OF ABSORPTION SYSTEM OVER COMPRESSION
SYSTEM
• VAPOUR COMPRESSION VS. VAPOUR ABSORPTION

3. What is the REFRIGERANT?
The refrigerant is a heat carrying medium which
absorbs heat from space and rejects heat to outside the refrigerator.
Types of REFRIGERANT:
(1) NH3
(2) CO2
(3) Air
(4) R11 (Trichloro monofluoro methane) or Freon-11
(5) R12 (Dichlaro – difluro methane) or Freon-12
(6) R22 (Monochloro – difluro methane) or Freon-22

4. TYPES OF REFRIGERATORS
(1)Nature Refrigerator : Refrigeration effect produced by evaporation of liquid.
(2)Mechanical Refrigerator: Refrigeration effect produced by external source of
mechanical energy.
(I) Air Refrigerator
(II) Vapour Absorption Refrigerator
(III) Vapour Compression Refrigerator
Vapour Compression Refrigeration System (VCR)
• Most popular and widely used in refrigeration and air conditioning for both domestic and industrial
applications.

5. VAPOUR ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM (VAR)
• It was invented by a Frenchman , Carre in 1860.
• It is quite similar to Vapour Compression systems.
• There are two types of absorption system used in practice:
(a) NH3 – H2O system (NH3 as refrigerant and H2O as absorbent)
(b) H2O – LiBr system (H2O as refrigerant and LiBr as absorbent)
• In that refrigerant coming from evaporator is absorbed by absorber.
• In that the compressor is replaced by an absorber and generator.
• NH3 is most suitable refrigerant for this.
• NH3 is easily absorbed by water at low pressure and temperature , but at high pressure and
temperature , the solubility of NH in water is reduced.

6. •Mixture of water and ammonia is heated by generator, ammonia vapour is separated from water.
This principle is used in this system.
Here NH3 :- Refrigerant and H2O :- Absorbent
• The flow diagram of VAR is shown in figure and it
consist of evaporator , condenser , generator , absorber
, pump and expansion valve.

7. WORKING :-
• Low pressure and temperature vapour ammonia coming from evapourator enters in the absorber.
• Where ammonia is absorbed by weak solution coming from generator through throttle valve at point 5.
• Due to absorption of NH3 in water , solution becomes strong.
• During this process heat is released and rejected to cooling water.
• The strong solution from absorber is pumped into generator , where it is heated and NH3 is vapour separated
from solution .
• In generator heat is supplied from external source .
• The weak solution point 4 is flowing back to absorber through
throttle valve .
• Again weak solution in absorber absorbs NH3 vapour coming
from evaporator.

8. • NH3 vapour coming from generator (at point 6) passes through condenser and is condensed in condenser
and reject heat to cooling medium.
• Then liquid NH3 (at point 7) is throttled through expansion valve and it enters into evaporator (at point 8).
• In the evaporator NH3 evaporates by absorbing latent heat of evaporation to produce refrigerating effect.
• Thus the cycle is completed.
• In this system, work required is less compared to VCR , but external heat source for generator is required.

9. ADVANTAGES OF ABSORPTION SYSTEM
OVER COMPRESSION SYSTEM
• No moving part except pump-motor, which is comparatively smaller than
compressor system.
• Quiet in operation, low maintenance cost.
• Can work only with thermal energy as an input.
• Can be built for huge working capacities. (even for above 1000 TR)
• Space and auto control requirements favour absorption system.

10. Sr.
No.
Particulars Vapour Compression
Systems
Vapour Absorption Systems
1. Type of Energy
Supplied
Mechanical – High Grade Heat – Low Grade
2. Energy Supply Rate Low High
3. Wear & Tear More Less
4. Performance at Part
Load
Poor Not affected at Part Load
5. Suitability Used where High Grade
Mechanical Energy is available
Can be used at Remote Places, as can be
used with simple Kerosene lamp
6. Charging of
Refrigerant
Simple Difficult
7. Leakage More chances No chances, as no Compressor or
Reciprocating Part
8. Damage Liquid traces in Suction Line
may damage Compressor
No danger
VAPOUR COMPRESSION VS. VAPOUR ABSORPTION