Cholera is an infection of the small intestine caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. It causes severe watery diarrhea that can lead to dehydration, shock, and even death if untreated. Symptoms include profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, and leg cramps. The bacterium is usually contracted by consuming food or water contaminated with feces from an infected person. Cholera remains a problem in places with poor sanitation and is spread through contaminated water supplies. Treatment focuses on fluid replacement either orally or intravenously. Antibiotics may shorten the illness duration. Travelers to affected areas should avoid tap water and foods that may be contaminated.