The document discusses the purpose and types of validity of classroom testing. The main purposes of testing are to evaluate teaching effectiveness, student outcomes and progress, whether students meet learning criteria, and how they compare to norms. There are several types of validity including content validity, which ensures tests adequately sample the intended content, and criterion validity, which checks if tests measure predefined standards. Achieving validity requires using multiple indicators such as observations, formative assessments, and tests with varying question types and cognitive levels. Reliability ensures consistency in testing and avoids issues like unreliable distractor questions.

2. PURPOSE OF TESTING
The purpose of testing in the classroom is to:
 Teaching effectiveness
 Student outcomes - progress
 Do they meet criterion
 How do they compare to others – Norm referencing
 Prediction for future success

3. WHAT IS VALIDITY
Provide discussion scenarios.
Validity is the extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.
A test in a classroom can measure – knowledge, skills, higher level
thinking, and attitude, perception.

4. TYPES OF VALIDITY
Content Validity – the content of the subject should be:
 Questions tapping every aspect of the content you want to test.
 Enough number of the questions to provide an adequate sample of what you
want to measure.
 How to avoid pitfalls –
 reading level,
 cultural bias -using words that the bilingual child does not understand
 Teacher bias
 Opportunity to learn – All types of skills were addressed in the classroom
 Unfair penalization
 Micro-aggressions
 Guess - prone

5. VALIDITY
Validity is better achieved when a teacher uses multiple indicators:
• Observation
• Other formative assessments
• Tests quizzes
• Authentic assessment/s
• Higher level and knowledge level questions.
Multiple indicators insure RELIABILITY!
Reliability = Consistency

6. RELIABILITY OR CONSISTENCY OF A TEST
Means that a test item consistently measures what it is supposed to despite
of the nature of students.
Are their distractors in your test that keep it from being reliable tests.
Distractor analysis exercise for next week.

7. TYPE OF VALIDITY
Criterion validity – Meets the criterion – such as standards. Norm
referenced
Construct validity – Measures a certain trait
Predictive Validity – Does the score on a test predict how successful
student will be later on this subject? SATs, ACTs – College preparatory.