vaccination and vaccine. the process of production of vaccine, type of vaccine production, vaccine type. medicine and health care

2. Presentation by khalid zaffar

3. Vaccine
 Introduction: the term vaccine is derived from vacca meaning cow since Adward
Aenner used cow pox virus to prevent small pox infection.
 Vaccine is immune biological substance designed to produce specific protection
against a diseases.
 Weakened form of pathogen introduced to body immunity.
 It is the mixture of antigen , most of antigen is protein extract from cell and make
vaccine.
 Vaccination: Injection of a killed microbe in order to stimulate the immune system
against the microbe, thereby preventing disease. Vaccinations, or immunizations,
work by stimulating the immune system, the natural disease-fighting system of
the body.

4. Types of vaccine

5. Types of vaccine
 Live attenuated vaccine.
Mean not active in host cell.
We make it as such a design which can not harm us.
Def: Live attenuated vaccines contain whole bacteria or viruses which have been
“weakened” so that they create a protective immune response but do not cause disease in
healthy people.
Live vaccines tend to create a strong and lasting immune response and are some of our
best vaccines. However, live vaccines are not suitable for people whose immune system
does not work, either due to drug treatment or underlying illness. This is because the
weakened viruses or bacteria can multiply too much and might cause disease in these
people.

6. Inactivated vaccine.
 Inactivated vaccines contain whole bacteria or viruses which have been killed, or small
parts of bacteria or viruses, such as proteins or sugars, which cannot cause disease.
There are several different types of inactivated vaccine which are explained below.
 A. ‘Whole killed’ vaccines
 These vaccines contain whole killed viruses.
 B Subunit vaccine
 Instead these kind of vaccines contain polysaccharides (sugars) or proteins from the
surface of bacteria or viruses. These polysaccharides or proteins are the parts that our
immune system recognizes as ‘foreign’, and they are referred to as antigens.

7.  Toxoid vaccines
Some bacteria release toxins (poisonous proteins) when they attack the body. The
immune system recognizes these toxins in the same way that it recognizes
polysaccharides or proteins on the surface of the bacteria. Some vaccines are
with inactivated versions of these toxins. They are called ‘toxoids’ because they look
like toxins but are not poisonous. They trigger a strong immune response.
Types of subunit
vaccine

8.  Recombinant vaccines
 Recombinant vaccines are made using bacterial or yeast cells to manufacture
vaccine. A small piece of DNA is taken from the virus or bacterium against
we want to protect. This is inserted into other cells to make them produce large
quantities of active ingredient for the vaccine (usually just a single protein or
sugar). For example, to make the hepatitis B vaccine, part of the DNA from the
hepatitis B virus is inserted into the DNA of yeast cells. These yeast cells are
able to produce one of the surface proteins from the hepatitis B virus, and this
purified and used as the active ingredient in the vaccine.

10. Any Question

11. Thank you