A generalized bernoulli sub-ODE Method and Its applications for nonlinear evo...inventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
This paper is my work on Einstein's Relativity theory for speed greater than light.The paper mainly focus on to generalize the Lorentz factor , equation of negative energy and negative mass thus proving the existence of wormholes and the derivation of new space metric.
High resolution alma_observations_of_sdp81_the_innermost_mass_profile_of_the_...Sérgio Sacani
A Campanha de Linha de Base Longa do ALMA produziu uma imagem muito detalhada de uma galáxia distante afetada por lente gravitacional. A imagem mostra uma vista ampliada das regiões de formação estelar na galáxia, com um nível de detalhe nunca antes alcançado numa galáxia tão remota. As novas observações são muito mais detalhadas do que as obtidas pelo Telescópio Espacial Hubble da NASA/ESA e revelam regiões de formação estelar na galáxia equivalentes a versões gigantes da Nebulosa de Orion.
A Campanha de Linha de Base Longa do ALMA produziu algumas observações extraordinárias e coletou informação com um detalhe sem precedentes dos habitantes do Universo próximo e longínquo. Foram feitas observações no final de 2014 no âmbito de uma campanha que pretendeu estudar uma galáxia distante chamada HATLAS J090311.6+003906, também conhecida pelo nome mais simples de SDP.81. A radiação emitida por esta galáxia é “vítima” de um efeito cósmico chamado lente gravitacional. Uma galáxia enorme que se situa entre SDP.81 e o ALMA [1] atua como lente gravitacional, distorcendo a radiação emitida pela galáxia mais distante e criando um exemplo quase perfeito do fenômeno conhecido por Anel de Einstein [2].
Pelo menos sete grupos de cientistas [3] analisaram de forma independente os dados do ALMA sobre SDP.81. Esta profusão de artigos científicos deu-nos informação sem precedentes sobre esta galáxia, revelando detalhes sobre a sua estrutura, conteúdo, movimento e outras características físicas.
O ALMA funciona como um interferômetro, isto é, a rede múltipla de antenas trabalha em sintonia perfeita coletando radiação como se de um único e enorme telescópio virtual se tratasse [4]. Como resultado, estas novas imagens de SDP.81 possuem uma resolução até 6 vezes melhor [5] que as imagens obtidas no infravermelho com o Telescópio Espacial Hubble da NASA/ESA.
JEE Main 2020 Question Paper With Solution 08 Jan 2020 Shift 1 Memory BasedMiso Study
JEE Main 2020 Question Paper With Solution 08 Jan 2020 Shift 1 Memory Based, which helps you to understand the chapter in easy way also downaload sample papers and previous year papers and practice to solve the question on time. Download at www.misostudy.com.
Using blurred images to assess damage in bridge structures?Alessandro Palmeri
Faster trains and augmented traffic have significantly increased the number and amplitude of loading cycles experienced on a daily basis by composite steel-concrete bridges. This higher demand accelerates the occurrence of damage in the shear connectors between the two materials, which in turn can severely affect performance and reliability of these structures. The aim of this talk is to present the preliminary results of theoretical and experimental investigations undertaken to assess the feasibility of using the envelope of deflections and rotations induced by moving loads as a practical and cost-effective alternative to traditional methods of health monitoring for composite bridges. Both analytical and numerical formulations for this dynamic problem are presented and the results of a parametric study are discussed. A novel photogrammetric approach is also introduced, which allows identifying vibration patterns in civil engineering structures by analysing blurred targets in long-exposure digital images. The initial experimental validation of this approach is presented and further challenges are highlighted.
Stationary Quantum State: introduced by Niels Bohr, 1913:
A property of a stationary quantum state of a physical system of constant energy is that probability to find a particle in any element of volume is independent of the time. A stationary quantum state may be defined as a condition of a system such that all observable physical properties are independent of the time.
Toward an Improved Computational Strategy for Vibration-Proof Structures Equi...Alessandro Palmeri
This presentation has been delivered at the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering in Lisbon (Portugal) on 28th September 2012, and shows some preliminary results on the dynamic analysis on non-linear viscoelastic structures.
A generalized bernoulli sub-ODE Method and Its applications for nonlinear evo...inventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
This paper is my work on Einstein's Relativity theory for speed greater than light.The paper mainly focus on to generalize the Lorentz factor , equation of negative energy and negative mass thus proving the existence of wormholes and the derivation of new space metric.
High resolution alma_observations_of_sdp81_the_innermost_mass_profile_of_the_...Sérgio Sacani
A Campanha de Linha de Base Longa do ALMA produziu uma imagem muito detalhada de uma galáxia distante afetada por lente gravitacional. A imagem mostra uma vista ampliada das regiões de formação estelar na galáxia, com um nível de detalhe nunca antes alcançado numa galáxia tão remota. As novas observações são muito mais detalhadas do que as obtidas pelo Telescópio Espacial Hubble da NASA/ESA e revelam regiões de formação estelar na galáxia equivalentes a versões gigantes da Nebulosa de Orion.
A Campanha de Linha de Base Longa do ALMA produziu algumas observações extraordinárias e coletou informação com um detalhe sem precedentes dos habitantes do Universo próximo e longínquo. Foram feitas observações no final de 2014 no âmbito de uma campanha que pretendeu estudar uma galáxia distante chamada HATLAS J090311.6+003906, também conhecida pelo nome mais simples de SDP.81. A radiação emitida por esta galáxia é “vítima” de um efeito cósmico chamado lente gravitacional. Uma galáxia enorme que se situa entre SDP.81 e o ALMA [1] atua como lente gravitacional, distorcendo a radiação emitida pela galáxia mais distante e criando um exemplo quase perfeito do fenômeno conhecido por Anel de Einstein [2].
Pelo menos sete grupos de cientistas [3] analisaram de forma independente os dados do ALMA sobre SDP.81. Esta profusão de artigos científicos deu-nos informação sem precedentes sobre esta galáxia, revelando detalhes sobre a sua estrutura, conteúdo, movimento e outras características físicas.
O ALMA funciona como um interferômetro, isto é, a rede múltipla de antenas trabalha em sintonia perfeita coletando radiação como se de um único e enorme telescópio virtual se tratasse [4]. Como resultado, estas novas imagens de SDP.81 possuem uma resolução até 6 vezes melhor [5] que as imagens obtidas no infravermelho com o Telescópio Espacial Hubble da NASA/ESA.
JEE Main 2020 Question Paper With Solution 08 Jan 2020 Shift 1 Memory BasedMiso Study
JEE Main 2020 Question Paper With Solution 08 Jan 2020 Shift 1 Memory Based, which helps you to understand the chapter in easy way also downaload sample papers and previous year papers and practice to solve the question on time. Download at www.misostudy.com.
Using blurred images to assess damage in bridge structures?Alessandro Palmeri
Faster trains and augmented traffic have significantly increased the number and amplitude of loading cycles experienced on a daily basis by composite steel-concrete bridges. This higher demand accelerates the occurrence of damage in the shear connectors between the two materials, which in turn can severely affect performance and reliability of these structures. The aim of this talk is to present the preliminary results of theoretical and experimental investigations undertaken to assess the feasibility of using the envelope of deflections and rotations induced by moving loads as a practical and cost-effective alternative to traditional methods of health monitoring for composite bridges. Both analytical and numerical formulations for this dynamic problem are presented and the results of a parametric study are discussed. A novel photogrammetric approach is also introduced, which allows identifying vibration patterns in civil engineering structures by analysing blurred targets in long-exposure digital images. The initial experimental validation of this approach is presented and further challenges are highlighted.
Stationary Quantum State: introduced by Niels Bohr, 1913:
A property of a stationary quantum state of a physical system of constant energy is that probability to find a particle in any element of volume is independent of the time. A stationary quantum state may be defined as a condition of a system such that all observable physical properties are independent of the time.
Toward an Improved Computational Strategy for Vibration-Proof Structures Equi...Alessandro Palmeri
This presentation has been delivered at the 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering in Lisbon (Portugal) on 28th September 2012, and shows some preliminary results on the dynamic analysis on non-linear viscoelastic structures.
Das páginas dos livros para o imaginário, as crianças e alunos de todos os níveis de ensino do nosso Agrupamento foram as personagens do SARAU da POESIA, realizado na sexta-feira, pelas 20:45 do dia 06 de Maio.
O evento contou, ainda, com a participação especial de três grandes declamadores do Clube Poético de Aveiro.
Nessa noite mágica, o público presente foi presenteado com poesia declamada, cantada, dramatizada, musicada e com a entrega dos prémios do concurso Mensagens de Amor/Amizade.
Os alunos e professores envolvidos foram muito aplaudidos e estão de parabéns pela organização, disponibilidade e actuação perante a plateia que preencheu por completo o edifício do Teatro “A Bateira”.
HOM INtro #37: REALTORS®: Dare to Re-Define YourselfMildredWilkins
Are you wondering how to continue in business with the major shift in the market in the past 24 months? Perhaps sales have slipped to the point where you are toying with the possibility of maybe leaving real estate? May we suggest that you consider the possibly of re-inventing yourself. There are numerous recommendations for specializations which are related to today’s expanding market in REO sales and short sales transactions. You can either adapt to the changing market or be left behind. Which would you like to do?
A short presentation of the benefits of "living retaining walls" and the unique features of the Smartslope Living Retaining Wall System. http://www.thelivingwallco.com
Presentatie van het programmateam voor de inhoud voor de Brede School Theophile de Bock in Oud-Zuid in Amsterdam. Voor de workshop die Stipo hiervoor ism Stadsdeel Oud-Zuid organiseerde.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Exact Solutions of the Klein-Gordon Equation for the Q-Deformed Morse Potenti...ijrap
In this work, we solve the Klein-Gordon (KG) equation for the general deformed Morse potential with
equal scalar and vector potentials by using the Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method, which is based on the
solutions of general second-order linear differential equation with special functions. The energy
eigenvalues and corresponding normalized eigenfunctions are obtained. It is found that the eigenfunctions
can be expressed by the Laguerre polynomials. Our solutions have a good agreement with earlier study.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptx
V. B. Jovanovic/ S. Ignjatovic: Mass Spectrum of the Light Scalar Tetraquark Nonet with Glozman-Riska Hyperfine Interaction
1. Mass spectrum of the light scalar tetraquark nonet with Glozman-Riska hyperfine interaction V. Borka Jovanović 1 and S. R. Ignjatovi ć 2 1 Laboratory of Physics (010), Vin č a Institute of Nuclear Sciences, P.O. Box 522, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia 2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Mladena Stojanovi ć a 2, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8. For tetraquarks ( q = u , d , s ), we calculate product λ i λ j for combinations of two quarks: for i , j = 1,2,3,4 in group SU (3) F . ( 1 ) two quarks may belong to multiplet or to multiplet 6. Wave functions and λ i λ j members of members of 6 :
9. ( 2 ) quark and antiquark may belong to 8 or 1. member of 1 : members of 8:
10. ( 3 ) two antiquarks may belong to 3 or members of 3 : members of
11. Table 1. Part of the flavor wave function of the tetraquark nonet, for certain quark combination. When we compare parts of the flavor wave functions from this table with wave functions ofthe members of multiplets, we can see which combination correspond to some representation. In that way λ i λ j can be calculated.
12. Table 2. The product λ i λ j (Gell-Mann matrices for flavor SU(3)) for MS and MA multiplets: 8 MS , 8 MA and 1 MS , 1 MA . sym- metry MS λ 1 λ 2 = 4/3 λ 1 λ 3 = λ 1 λ 4 = λ 2 λ 3 = λ 2 λ 4 = 2/3 λ 3 λ 4 = 4/3 MA λ 1 λ 2 = -8/3 λ 1 λ 3 = λ 1 λ 4 = λ 2 λ 3 = λ 2 λ 4 = 2/3 λ 3 λ 4 = -8/3
13.
14. GR HFI contribution ν - flavor wave function - mass operator total GR HFI contribution to masses
16. (1) The theoretical masses of constituent quarks m u , m s m c and of the constant C χ are calculated from χ 2 fitting the mass equations for mesons and baryons, with GR interaction included. (2) The corresponding experimental masses are taken from "Particle Data Group" site: http://pdg.lbl.gov . (3) Tetraquark masses are calculated using values of constitutive quarks obtained from equations of meson and baryon masses. Method
18. MESONS light pseudoscalar mesons ( m π =) 2 m u – 2 C χ / m u 2 = 140 MeV (m K =) m u + m s – 2 C χ / (m u · m s ) = 494 MeV (m η =) 2m u – 2 C χ / m u 2 = 548 MeV (m η ’ =) 2m s + 16 C χ / m s 2 = 958 MeV light vector mesons (m ρ =) 2m u + 2 C χ / (3 m u 2 ) = 776 MeV (m K* =) m u + m s + 2 C χ / ( 3 m u · m s ) = 892 MeV (m ω =) 2m u + 2 C χ / (3 m u 2 ) = 783 MeV (m φ =) 2m s – 16 C χ / (3 m s 2 ) = 1020 MeV Theoretical mass equations for mesons, with GR HFI included
19. charmed mesons (m D, ± =) m u + m c – 2 C χ / (m u · m c ) = 1869 MeV (m D, 0 =) m u + m c – 2 C χ / (m u · m c ) = 1865 MeV (m D*, ± =) m u + m c + 2 C χ / ( 3 m u · m c ) = 2010 MeV (m D*, 0 =) m u + m c + 2 C χ / ( 3 m u · m c ) = 2007 MeV strange charmed mesons (m Ds, ± =) m s + m c – 2 C χ / (m s · m c ) = 1968 MeV (m Ds*, ± =) m s + m c + 2 C χ / ( 3 m s · m c ) = 2112 MeV double charmed mesons ( m η c =) 2 m c – 2 C χ / m c 2 = 2980 MeV ( m J / ψ =) 2 m c + 2 C χ / (3 m c 2 ) = 3097 MeV
20. BARYONS light baryon octet ( m N =) 3 m u – 8 C χ / m u 2 = 940 MeV ( m Σ =) 2 m u + m s – C χ / m u 2 · (1 + 7 m u / m s ) = 1190 MeV ( m Ξ =) m u + 2m s – C χ / m s 2 · (1 + 7 m s / m u ) = 1315 MeV ( m Λ =) 2m u + m s – C χ / m u 2 · ( 13 + 11 m u / m s ) /3 = 1116 MeV light baryon decuplet ( m Δ =) 3m u – 4 C χ / m u 2 = 1232 MeV ( m Σ * =) 2m u + m s – (8 C χ / (3m u 2 ) ) · (1/2 + m u / m s ) = 1385 MeV ( m Ξ * =) m u + 2m s – (8 C χ / (3m s 2 )) · (1/2 + m s / m u ) = 1530 MeV ( m Ω =) 3 m s – 4 C χ / m s 2 = 1672 MeV Theoretical mass equations for baryons, with GR HFI included
21. heavy baryons ( m Σ c =) 2 m u + m c – C χ / m u 2 · (1 + 7 m u / m c ) = 2455 MeV ( m Ξ c ,+ =) m u + 2m c – C χ / m c 2 · (1 + 7 m c / m u ) = 2470 MeV ( m Ξ c ,0 =) m u + 2m c – C χ / m c 2 · (1 + 7 m c / m u ) = 2475 MeV ( m Λ c =) 2m u + m c – C χ / m u 2 · ( 13 + 11 m u / m c ) /3 = 2285 MeV ( m Σ * c =) 2m u + m c – (8 C χ / (3m u 2 ) ) · (1/2 + m u / m c ) = 2520 MeV ( m Ω c =) 2 m s + m c – (8 C χ / (3m s 2 ) ) · (1/ 2 + m s / m c ) = 2698 MeV
22. Table 3. The constituent quark masses m u (= m d ) , m s , m c , HFI constant C χ and the corresponding χ 2 values, obtained from fitting meson masses. mesons m u = m d ( MeV ) m s ( MeV ) m c ( MeV ) C χ (10 7 MeV 3 ) χ 2 π , Κ , η , η ’ 221 451 / 0.644 7.62 x 10 – 1 ρ , K *, ω , φ 357 574 / 0.908 7.36 x 10 – 3 π , Κ , η , η ’ , ρ , K *, ω , φ 237 512 / 0.524 1.835 π , Κ , ρ , K *, ω , φ 308 487 / 2.25 1.56 x 10 – 5 D + , D 0 , D * + , D * 0 , D s + , D s * + 550 644 1426 4.47 5.97 x 10 – 5 η c , J / ψ / / 15 34 1. 03 1 . 98 x 10 – 8 D + , D 0 , D* + , D* 0 , D s + , D s * + , η c , J/ψ 454 547 1524 3.96 3.51 x 10 – 4 π, Κ, η, η’, ρ, K *, ω, φ , D + , D 0 , D* + , D* 0 , D s + , D s * + , η c , J/ ψ 207 479 1624 0.527 1.062
23. Table 3. The constituent quark masses m u (= m d ) , m s , m c , HFI constant C χ and the corresponding χ 2 values, obtained from fitting baryon masses. baryons m u = m d ( MeV ) m s ( MeV ) m c ( MeV ) C χ (10 7 MeV 3 ) χ 2 N , Σ , Ξ , Λ 436 577 / 0.847 8 . 65 x 10 – 4 Δ , Σ *, Ξ *, Ω 491 609 / 1. 43 3.87 x 10 – 6 N , Σ , Ξ , Λ , Δ , Σ *, Ξ *, Ω 427 571 / 0.575 2 . 61 x 10 – 2 Σ c , Ξ c + , Ξ c 0 , Λ c , Σ * c , Ω c 658 815 1446 8.71 2.12 x 10 – 1 N , Σ , Ξ , Λ , Δ , Σ *, Ξ *, Ω , Σ c , Ξ c + , Ξ c 0 , Λ c , Σ * c , Ω c 537 643 12 78 0.230 1.43 x 10 – 1
26. References [1] R. L. Jaffe, Phys. Rev. D 15 , 267 (1977) [2] T. V. Brito, F. S. Navarra, M. Nielsen, M. E. Bracco, Phys. Lett. B 608 , 69 (2005) [3] J. Vijande, A. Valcarce, F. Fernandez, B. Silvestre-Brac, Phys. Rev. D 72 , 034025 (2005) [4] V. Borka Jovanović, J. Res. Phys. 31 , 106 (2007) [5] V. Borka Jovanovi ć , Phys. Rev. D 76 , 105011 (2007) [6] V. Borka Jovanovi ć , Fortschr. Phys. 56 , 462 (2008) [7] V. Borka Jovanovi ć , Phys. Lett. B , in preparation