A DFT & TDDFT Study of Hybrid Halide Perovskite Quantum DotsAthanasiosKoliogiorg
Perovskite quantum dots (QDs) constitute a novel and rapidly developing field of nanotechnology with promising potential for optoelectronic applications. However, few perovskite materials for QDs and other nanostructures have been theoretically explored. In this study, we present a wide spectrum of different hybrid halide perovskite cuboid-like QDs with the general formula of FABX3 (A = (NH2)CH(NH2), B = Pb, Sn, Ge, and X = Cl, Br, I) with varying sizes below and near the Bohr exciton radius. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations were employed to determine their structural, electronic, and optical properties. Our calculations include both stoichiometric model, proved to be close to experimental results where available, and our results reveal several materials with high optical absorption and application-suitable electronic and optical gaps. Our study highlights the potential as well as the challenges and issues regarding nanostructured halide perovskite materials, laying the background for future theoretical and experimental work.
The presentation discusses a new method for imaging seismic data that was recently implemented on the SmartGeo cloud computing portal (https://smartgeo.crs4.it/enginframe/eiagrid/eiagrid.xml). The method is particularly suited for near-surface applications such as geotechnical engineering or environmental studies. It is shown that instead of limiting the stacking velocity analysis to single Common-Midpoint-Gathers, groups of neighboring Common-Midpoint-Gathers gathers are considered to identify entire reflection surfaces in the data. As a result the extracted kinematic properties of the subsurface, e.g. wave-propagation velocities, are more reliable and the final data stacking leads to a more detailed subsurface image even in case of noisy prestack data and laterally strongly variable velocities. In the second part of the presentation, the successful application of the proposed method is discussed in a case study based on a ultra-shallow seismic SH-wave data set recorded close to Teulada, Sardinia, Italy.
Viene presentato e discusso (in inglese) in dettaglio l'utilizzo della piattaforma EIAGRID/SmartGEO in due casi studio significativi per le applicazioni geotecniche e ambientali. Al termine, l'utente interessato dovrebbe essere in grado di utilizzare in modo autonomo la piattaforma attraverso il portale SmartGEO.
A novel query in spatial databases is the K-Best Si
te Query (KBSQ for short). Given a set of objects O
, a set
of sites S, and a user-given value K, a KBSQ retrie
ves the K sites from S such that the total distance
from
each object to its closest site is minimized. The K
BSQ is indeed an important type of spatial queries
with
many real applications. In this paper, we investiga
te how to efficiently process the KBSQ. We first pr
opose
a straightforward approach with a cost analysis, an
d then develop the K Best Site Query (KBSQ) algorit
hm
combined with the existing spatial indexes to impro
ve the performance of processing KBSQ.
Comprehensive experiments are conducted to demonstr
ate the efficiency of the proposed methods.
A DFT & TDDFT Study of Hybrid Halide Perovskite Quantum DotsAthanasiosKoliogiorg
Perovskite quantum dots (QDs) constitute a novel and rapidly developing field of nanotechnology with promising potential for optoelectronic applications. However, few perovskite materials for QDs and other nanostructures have been theoretically explored. In this study, we present a wide spectrum of different hybrid halide perovskite cuboid-like QDs with the general formula of FABX3 (A = (NH2)CH(NH2), B = Pb, Sn, Ge, and X = Cl, Br, I) with varying sizes below and near the Bohr exciton radius. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations were employed to determine their structural, electronic, and optical properties. Our calculations include both stoichiometric model, proved to be close to experimental results where available, and our results reveal several materials with high optical absorption and application-suitable electronic and optical gaps. Our study highlights the potential as well as the challenges and issues regarding nanostructured halide perovskite materials, laying the background for future theoretical and experimental work.
The presentation discusses a new method for imaging seismic data that was recently implemented on the SmartGeo cloud computing portal (https://smartgeo.crs4.it/enginframe/eiagrid/eiagrid.xml). The method is particularly suited for near-surface applications such as geotechnical engineering or environmental studies. It is shown that instead of limiting the stacking velocity analysis to single Common-Midpoint-Gathers, groups of neighboring Common-Midpoint-Gathers gathers are considered to identify entire reflection surfaces in the data. As a result the extracted kinematic properties of the subsurface, e.g. wave-propagation velocities, are more reliable and the final data stacking leads to a more detailed subsurface image even in case of noisy prestack data and laterally strongly variable velocities. In the second part of the presentation, the successful application of the proposed method is discussed in a case study based on a ultra-shallow seismic SH-wave data set recorded close to Teulada, Sardinia, Italy.
Viene presentato e discusso (in inglese) in dettaglio l'utilizzo della piattaforma EIAGRID/SmartGEO in due casi studio significativi per le applicazioni geotecniche e ambientali. Al termine, l'utente interessato dovrebbe essere in grado di utilizzare in modo autonomo la piattaforma attraverso il portale SmartGEO.
A novel query in spatial databases is the K-Best Si
te Query (KBSQ for short). Given a set of objects O
, a set
of sites S, and a user-given value K, a KBSQ retrie
ves the K sites from S such that the total distance
from
each object to its closest site is minimized. The K
BSQ is indeed an important type of spatial queries
with
many real applications. In this paper, we investiga
te how to efficiently process the KBSQ. We first pr
opose
a straightforward approach with a cost analysis, an
d then develop the K Best Site Query (KBSQ) algorit
hm
combined with the existing spatial indexes to impro
ve the performance of processing KBSQ.
Comprehensive experiments are conducted to demonstr
ate the efficiency of the proposed methods.
GPR Probing of Smoothly Layered Subsurface Medium: 3D Analytical ModelLeonid Krinitsky
An analytical approach to GPR probing of a
horizontally layered subsurface medium is developed, based on the coupled-wave WKB approximation. An empirical model of current in dipole transmitter antenna is used.
GHSQC-TOCSY experiments allow sorting of proton-proton connectivity information as a function of 13C chemical shift. GHSQC-TOCSY is a relatively insensitive 2D NMR experiment. Given two coherence transfer experiments, A→B and A→C, it is possible to indirectly determine B↔C. Unsymmetrical indirect covariance processing of a 1H-13C GHSQC and a GCOSY spectrum affords a GHSQC-COSY spectrum, with information content that is analogous to a GHSQC-TOCSY experiment. However GHSQC-TOCSY is of significantly lower sensitivity and requires considerably longer to acquire than either of the component experiments. Investigators needing access to GHSQC-TOCSY type data can, in principal, access it from more readily acquired 2D NMR data. Strychnine is used as a model compound to illustrate this capability.
GPR Probing of Smoothly Layered Subsurface Medium: 3D Analytical ModelLeonid Krinitsky
An analytical approach to GPR probing of a
horizontally layered subsurface medium is developed, based on the coupled-wave WKB approximation. An empirical model of current in dipole transmitter antenna is used.
GHSQC-TOCSY experiments allow sorting of proton-proton connectivity information as a function of 13C chemical shift. GHSQC-TOCSY is a relatively insensitive 2D NMR experiment. Given two coherence transfer experiments, A→B and A→C, it is possible to indirectly determine B↔C. Unsymmetrical indirect covariance processing of a 1H-13C GHSQC and a GCOSY spectrum affords a GHSQC-COSY spectrum, with information content that is analogous to a GHSQC-TOCSY experiment. However GHSQC-TOCSY is of significantly lower sensitivity and requires considerably longer to acquire than either of the component experiments. Investigators needing access to GHSQC-TOCSY type data can, in principal, access it from more readily acquired 2D NMR data. Strychnine is used as a model compound to illustrate this capability.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Body fluids_tonicity_dehydration_hypovolemia_hypervolemia.pptx
Predrag Milenović "Physics potential of HE/HL-LHC and future circular"
1. LATEST HIGGS B O S O N PHYSICS RESULTS @ LHC
A N D PROSPECTS FOR PHYSICS PERFORMANCE @ HL-LHC
P. Milenovic (CERN), on behalf of ATLAS and C M S Collaborations
AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30 June 2017
2. LATEST HIGGS BOSON PHYSICS RESULTS @ LHC
AND PROSPECTS FOR PHYSICS PERFORMANCE @ HL-LHC
P. Milenovic (CERN), on behalf of ATLAS and CMS Collaborations
AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30 June 2017
3. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Higgs discovery: Triumph of LHC and its experiments @ Run 1
• After the discovery, emphasis shifted towards measurements of properties of the new particle.
• All Run1 results indicate SM-like Higgs boson!
Preface
2
Mass @ Run 1 LHC combination:
mH = 125.09 ± 0.21(stat.) ± 0.11(sys.) GeV
Cross-sections & branching ratios: Couplings to fermions/bosons:
Run 2: Further characterisation of the Higgs boson
4. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Excellence of LHC and its experiments: Enabled quick start and rich physics
program @ 13 TeV in early years of Run 2
• LHC: more effective bunch collision schemes, increased machine availability (x2).
• Experiments: improved performance at high pile-up (and operation efficiency).
Performed a plethora of SM measurements and searches for new physics:
Preface
3
SUSY searches Exotic searchesSM measurements
Run 2: Exploit the Higgs boson as a tool to probe for new physics
No deviation from SM No indications for new physics phenomena
5. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Latest Higgs boson measurements @ 13TeV
4
Characterisation of the SM Higgs boson:
• Measurement of properties in H → 4ℓ , and H → γγ
• Probing of Yukawa interactions in ttH, H → μμ, H → ττ, and H → bb
• Probing of its self-couplings in pp → HH
[*] predominantly presented results obtained with 36 fb-1
6. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 20175
H → 4ℓ measurements
7. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Exploit full decay-, production-, and object-related information:
• Clean signature, good m4ℓ resolution (1-2%). Low irreducible/reducible backgrounds (estimated from MC/data).
• Even categorisation: Based on event topology and ME-based discriminants
VBF
production
H → 4ℓ: Analyses approaches
6
7 categories targeting
5 production modes:
H → ZZ → 4ℓ
decay
VH
production
Even categorisation
Four-lepton invariant mass:
35.9 fb-1
CMS-HIG-16-041
8. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
H → 4ℓ: Production modes
Extract info on H couplings by performing simultaneous 2D fit in seven categories:
Sig. strengths per category + per production mode.
7
per
category
per
production mode
VBF 1-jetUntagged VBF 2-jet VH hadronic VH leptonic VH MET ttH
CMS-HIG-16-041
9. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
σth=48.5 pb
σth=3.8 pb
σth=2.3 pb
σth=0.5 pb
H → 4ℓ: Production modes
Extract info on H couplings by performing simultaneous 2D fit in seven categories:
Sig. strengths per category + per production mode.
7
per
category
Factored out
main TH uncert.
VBF 1-jetUntagged VBF 2-jet VH hadronic VH leptonic VH MET ttH
. And as "simplified" cross sections:
Fiducial cut:
|YH| < 2.5
CMS-HIG-16-041
10. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Perform 3D fit (m4l, Dm4l, Dkin
bkg) using the Z-mass constraint:
• Per-event m4l uncertainty Dm4l: From lepton pT uncertainties (corr. Z → ℓ+ℓ-)
• Z-mass constraint: Kinematic refitting of Z1 lepton pT, to exploit mZ1 expectation
Muon scale
validation
H → 4ℓ: Mass
8
Expected improvement 21% over 1D m4l fit
mH = 125.26 ± 0.20 (stat) ± 0.08 (syst) GeV
Run 1 LHC combination: mH = 125.09 ± 0.21(stat.) ± 0.11(sys.) GeV
(0.18% precision)
49 MeV better then expected
eBe uncert.
validation
CMS-HIG-16-041
11. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Measurements of a fiducial cross section:
• Measure within fiducial phase space to minimise model dependence
• Not sensitive to production mechanism, but expected to be dominated by gluon fusion
H → 4ℓ: Fiducial cross sections
9
Fiducial XS @ 7, 8, 13 TeV
CMS-HIG-16-041
ATLAS-CONF-2017-032
Fiducial XS @ 13 TeV
12. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Measurements of a fiducial cross section:
• Measure within fiducial phase space to minimise model dependence
• Differential measurements for: pT(4l), N(jets), pT(jet), Y(4l), |cosθ*|, Δφ(jj) and m34
• Sensitive to modelling of hard quark and gluon radiation, relative contributions of different production
modes, BSM effects in the loops, PDFs, etc.
H → 4ℓ: Fiducial cross sections
10
pT(4l) : CMS pT(4l) : ATLAS
CMS-HIG-16-041
ATLAS-CONF-2017-032
13. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Measurements of a fiducial cross section:
• Measure within fiducial phase space to minimise model dependence
• Differential measurements for: pT(4l), N(jets), pT(jet), Y(4l), |cosθ*|, Δφ(jj) and m34
• Sensitive to modelling of hard quark and gluon radiation, relative contributions of different production
modes, BSM effects in the loops, PDFs, etc.
H → 4ℓ: Fiducial cross sections
11
N(jets) : CMS N(jets) : ATLAS
CMS-HIG-16-041
ATLAS-CONF-2017-032
14. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 201712
H → γγ measurements
15. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Exploit clean signature and good mγγ resolution
• Even categorisation: Based on mass resolution and S/B
in theVBF,VH, ttH and gluon fusion categories
• Simultaneous fit to the di-photon mγγ spectra in all cats.
H → γγ: Analysis approaches
13
ATLAS-CONF-2016-067
13 categories targeting 5 production modes:
16. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Exploit clean signature and good mγγ resolution
• Even categorisation: Based on mass resolution and S/B
in theVBF,VH, ttH and gluon fusion categories
• Simultaneous fit to the di-photon mγγ spectra in all cats.
H → γγ: Analysis approaches
13
VBF 0
Untagged 0
14 categories targeting 5 production modes:
CMS-PAS-HIG-16-040
17. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
H → γγ: Production modes
Extract info on H production by performing simultaneous fit in 14 categories:
• A likelihood scan of the signal strength is performed, profiling all other nuisances including the Higgs mass.
Results presented in form of signal strengths per production mode, coupling
modifiers, and as "simplified" cross sections:
CMS-PAS-HIG-16-040
ATLAS-CONF-2016-067
14
Factored out
main TH uncert.
Fiducial cut:
|YH| < 2.5
18. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Performed measurement of fiducial cross sections (XS):
• 3 categories to optimize signal significance based on
mass resolution estimator (decorelated from di-photon inv. mass)
• Measured within fiducial phase space to minimise model dependence
• Differential measurements of pT(γγ), Y(γγ), N(jets)
H → γγ: Fiducial cross sections
15
N(jets)
Integrated fiducial XS @ 8, 13 TeV
pT(γγ)
CMS-PAS-HIG-17-015
19. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Performed measurement of fiducial cross sections (XS):
• Measured within fiducial phase space to minimise model dependence
• Differential measurements of pT(γγ), Y(γγ), N(jets)
• Good agreement between H → 4l and H → γγ results in all variables
• p-values higher than 56%
[TeV]s
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
[pb]H→pp
σ
0
20
40
60
80
100 ATLAS Preliminary = 125.09 GeVHmH→pp
σ
QCD scale uncertainty
)s
αPDF+⊕(scaleTot. uncert.
γγ→H l4→*ZZ→H
comb. data syst. unc.
-1
= 7 TeV, 4.5 fbs
-1
= 8 TeV, 20.3 fbs
*)ZZ(-1
), 14.8 fbγγ(-1
= 13 TeV, 13.3 fbs
H → γγ: Fiducial cross sections
16
N(jets)
pT(γγ)
H→γγ + H→ZZ→4l @ 7, 8, 13 TeV
ATLAS-CONF-2016-067
20. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 201717
Search for H production
in association with top quark
21. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
ttH: Analyses approaches
ttH production - direct probe of top Yukawa coupling:
• Tree-level process, XS proportional to λt
2. Complementary evidence to loop-induced ggH.
• Several decay modes. Updated results for leptonic searches for ttH production (H → WW/ZZ/ττ ).
18
Irreducible: tt+W/Z/γ* - from simulation, O(10%) uncertainty
Reducible: tt+jets or charge mis-assignment - from data, O(30%) uncertainty
Similar strategy for background estimate in the two analyses
CMS-PAS-HIG-17-004
CMS-PAS-HIG-17-003
σttH ~ 507 fb-1 @ 13TeV
"Multilepton" "τh+X "
22. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Extensive use of MVA and ME-based methods for signal extraction:
• Multileptonic categories (2ℓss , 3ℓ , 4ℓ): use kinematic BDTs against ttbar & ttW/Z, and/or
ME likelihood ratio for additional ttW/Z separation (counting experiment in 4ℓ category)
• Semi-nadronic categories (3ℓ + 1τh, 2ℓss + 1τh, 1ℓ + 2τh): use kinematic BDTs against ttbar &
ttW/Z, and/or ME likelihood ratio for additional ttW/Z separation
ttH: Multileptonic and semi-had. H → ττ
19
CMS-HIG-17-003/004
2ℓss: 3ℓ: 4ℓ:
1ℓ + 2τh: 3ℓ + 1τh: 2ℓss + 1τh:
23. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
First indication for ttH production in multi-lepton final states:
ttH, semi-hadronic H→ττ
significance 1.4σ (observed) 1.8σ (expected)
ttH, multilepton final states (electrons, muons):
significance 3.3σ (observed) 2.5σ (expected)
ttH: Results
20
CMS-PAS-HIG-17-004
CMS-PAS-HIG-17-003
CMS-PAS-HIG-16-041
35.9fb-1
24. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
First indication for ttH production in multi-lepton final states:
ttH, semi-hadronic H→ττ
significance 1.4σ (observed) 1.8σ (expected)
ttH, multilepton final states (electrons, muons):
significance 3.3σ (observed) 2.5σ (expected)
ttH: Results
20
CMS-PAS-HIG-17-004
CMS-PAS-HIG-17-003
CMS-PAS-HIG-16-041
35.9fb-1
There’s still not a single analysis with a strong & unambiguous
ttH signal, and it will take time and effort to get there...
25. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Overview of measurements of ttH production by CMS and ATLAS @ 13 TeV:
35.9 fb-1
12.9 fb-1
35.9 fb-1
12.9 fb-1
35.9 fb-1τh+X
ttH: Results
21
26. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 201722
Probing of H → μμ couplings
27. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Sensitivity to measure Higgs couplings to 2nd generation fermions:
• Clean signature, good m2ℓ resolution. Small BR of ~10-4. Irreducible background mainly Z/γ* → μμ
• Event cats.: Use BDTs to separateVBF-like events. ggH-dominated cats. based on pT and η of μμ
• Simultaneous fit to the di-muon mμμ spectra
H → μμ: Analyses & Results
23
Inclusive in categories VBF tight category:
Combination of results @ 7, 8, 13 TeV:
ATLAS-CONF-2017-014
x SM
28. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 201724
Probing of H → ττ couplings
29. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Sensitivity to measure Higgs couplings to 3rd generation fermions:
• Event cats.: 4 final states (eμ, μτh, eτh, τhτh) and 3 categories (0-jet, VBF and Boosted)
• Simultaneous fit in two kinematic observables that yield the best sensitivity for each signal region (2D) plus
control regions (1D) for the tt, QCD and W+jets backgrounds.
H → ττ: Analyses & Results
25
VBF category, τhτh final state:
CMS-PAS-HIG-16-043
30. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Sensitivity to measure Higgs couplings to 3rd generation fermions:
• Event cats.: 4 final states (eμ, μτh, eτh, τhτh) and 3 categories (0-jet, VBF and Boosted)
• Simultaneous fit in two kinematic observables that yield the best sensitivity for each signal region (2D) plus
control regions (1D) for the tt, QCD and W+jets backgrounds.
H → ττ: Analyses & Results
25
CMS-PAS-HIG-16-043
Signal strength per category and final state:
Observed (expected) significance of 4.9σ (4.7σ)
for mH = 125 GeV.
Run 1 LHC combination: observed with > 5σ significance
31. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 201726
Probing of H → bb couplings
32. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Sensitivity to measure Higgs couplings to 2nd generation fermions :
• "boosted" gg→H→bb: Exploit boosted topologies: aim for H(125) produced with high pT
• H → bb reconstructed as a single jet (using jet substructure & b-tagging techniques).
• Simultaneous fit of jet mass distribution (both for events that pass and fail b-tagging - to extract QCD bkg).
H → bb: Analyses & Results
27
CMS-PAS-HIG-17-010
Events categorised
in bins of the jet pT
(450 - 1000 GeV)control-region signal-region
(dbl. b-tag < 0.9) (dbl. b-tag > 0.9)
Inclusive fit results:
Sensitivity to
Z→ bb process in
single-jet topology
33. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Sensitivity to measure Higgs couplings to 2nd generation fermions :
• "boosted" gg→H→bb: Exploit boosted topologies: aim for H(125) produced with high pT
• H → bb reconstructed as a single jet (using jet substructure & b-tagging techniques).
• Simultaneous fit of jet mass distribution (both for events that pass and fail b-tagging - to extract QCD bkg).
H → bb: Analyses & Results
27
CMS-PAS-HIG-17-010
First observation of Z→ bb
in the single-jet topology
34. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Sensitivity to measure Higgs couplings to 2nd generation fermions :
• Aim for SM Higgs boson produced in association with W or Z (Z→νν,W→ℓν, and Z→ℓℓ).
• Event cats: based on b-tagging, number of leptons, number of jets, and kinematics.
• Simultaneous fit of several MVA discriminants (one per cat.).
H → bb: Analyses & Results
28
ATLAS-CONF-2016-091
Obs. (exp.) significance 0.4 (1.9)
[still limited statistics of 13 fb-1]
Njets = 2 Njets ≧ 3
Verified by extracting the W/Z→ bb process
35. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 201729
Searching for pp → HH pair production
36. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Tool to extract Higgs boson trilinear coupling λHHH:
• Probe the shape of the scalar Higgs potential.
• Resonant production X→HH: Probe for BSM phenomena.
• Non-resonant production: Probe for anomalous λHHH and Yt couplings and 3 new contact interactions.
• Several decay modes. Strongest limits from HH → bbbb.
New results for HH → bbττ and HH → bbVV(ℓνℓν) searches.
HH: Analyses approaches
30
CMS-PAS-HIG-17-002
CMS-PAS-HIG-17-006
ATLAS-CONF-2016-049
σHH ~ 33.5 fb-1 @ 13TeV (NNLO + NNLL)
HH → bbττ HH → bbVV(2l2ν).
λHHH
HH → bbbb
37. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Analysis approach:
• Topologies: 4 resolved jets, and
two pairs of boosted jets (from H → bb)
• jet sub-structure and b-tagging techniques
• 1D fits: invariant masses the (sub)jets
Results:
• For non-resonant searches limits: σ/σSM ~ 29 (with ~36fb-1, still the strongest limits).
HH: HH → bbbb
31
ATLAS-CONF-2016-049
38. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Analysis approach:
• 3 ττ flavors: eτh, μτh, τhτh
• bb cats.: 2 btag, 1 btag, 1 boosted jet
• 1D fit: mHH (resonant), mT2 (non-resonant )
Results:
• Limits on σ/σSM as function of mS and (kT, kλ)
HH: HH → bbττ
32
σHH/σSM < 28 (25 exp.)
CMS-PAS-HIG-17-002
39. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Analysis approach:
• 3 ττ flavors: eτh, μτh, τhτh
• bb cats.: 2 btag, 1 btag, 1 boosted jet
• 1D fit: mHH (resonant), mT2 (non-resonant )
Results:
• Limits on σ/σSM as function of mS and (kT, kλ)
HH: HH → bbττ
32
σHH/σSM < 28 (25 exp.) Run 1 ATLAS combination: σHH/σSM < 70 (48 exp.)
CMS-PAS-HIG-17-002
40. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Analysis approach:
• 3 ℓℓ flavors: e+e-, μ+μ-, e±μ∓
• 1D fit with parameterized DNN output
Results:
• Limits on σ/σSM as function of mX and (kT, kλ)
HH: HH → bbVV(ℓνℓν)
33
spin-0
resonance
σHH/σSM < 79 (89 exp.)
CMS-PAS-HIG-17-006
41. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
HH: Results (ATLAS + CMS)
34
79 (89)bbVV
CMS-PAS-HIG-17-002
CMS-PAS-HIG-17-006
ATLAS-CONF-2016-049
42. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Latest Higgs boson measurements @ 13TeV
35
Search for BSM phenomena in Higgs physics:
• Probing for anomalous HVV interactions in H → 4ℓ
• Searching for additional scalar resonances
• Search for BSM signatures of the Higgs boson in:
H → γγ/bb + ETmiss (DM) and H → μτ/eτ (LFV)
[*] predominantly presented results obtained with 36 fb-1
43. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Exploit full decay-, and production-related information:
• Parametrisation of
decay amplitude:
• Untagged, VBF, VH categories: 3 ME-based discriminants encoding both decay and production information
H → 4ℓ: Anomalous couplings
36
CMS-PAS-HIG-17-011
Decay VBF VH
44. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Exploit full decay-, and production-related information:
• Parametrisation of
decay amplitude:
• Untagged, VBF, VH categories: 3 ME-based discriminants encoding both decay and production information
H → 4ℓ: Anomalous couplings
37
Run1 exp
(HZZ+HWW):
CMS-PAS-HIG-17-011
45. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Searches for BSM phenomena (DM) with H → γγ and ETmiss signature:
• Event categorisation: Use ETmiss significance and magnitude of vectorial sum of γ and jets.
• Simultaneous fit to the di-photon mγγ spectra.
•
• Upper limits on the (simplified) DM production
and on heavy scalar production
Z
Z
¯q
q
¯χ
χ
h
"Dark Matter": H → γγ + ETmiss
38
ATLAS-CONF-2017-024
Z’Bmodel
Z’2HDM
Heavyscalar
Z
A0
¯q
q
¯χ
χ
h
H
g
g
χ
χ
h
Mono-Higgs cat.:High ETmiss cat.:
46. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Searches for BSM phenomena (DM) with H → bb and ETmiss signature:
• Two categories: with resolved jets (MET < 500 GeV) and merged jets (MET > 500 GeV).
• Simultaneous fit to the di-jet mJJ spectra.
•
• Upper limits on the (simplified) DM production
"Dark Matter": H → bb + ETmiss
39
ATLAS-CONF-2017-028
Z’2HDM
Z
A0
¯q
q
¯χ
χ
h
47. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
LHC goals for 2017 and 2018: 45 fb-1 per year (with ~50% availability of stable beams)
Immediate attention by experiments:
• Readiness for data taking and analysis in 2017 (and for Phase II Upgrade TDRs)
• Preparatory discussions between experiments (and TH colleagues) for LHC combination:
- mass and differential fiducial XS (towards the end of 2017),
- overall couplings and simplified cross sections (end of 2017 or after).
From here into the (near-term) future...
40
so far, compatible
with Standard Model...
Higgs boson physics @ 7, 8, 13 TeV
48. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Towards the long-term future: HL-LHC
From the early discovery machine ... to the Higgs factory and its full discovery potential
HL-LHC - topography of our particle physics knowledge:
• Deeper understanding of the Higgs boson (couplings, potential).
• Precision measurements in QCD, EWK, Higgs (ultimate goal O(1%)).
• Probing new physics phenomena (directly & via precision measurements).
Challenges for the experiments:
• Major experiment upgrades needed to improve radiation hardness,
replace detectors at end-of-life or extend coverage,
• Provide handles to mitigate pileup and maintain/improve trigger acceptance.
41
49. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Physics performance @ HL-LHC
42
Prospects for Higgs boson physics at HL-LHC:
• Precision measurements of H(125) properties in H → γγ and H → 4ℓ
• Probing/measurement of rare decays and couplings
• Measurement of its self-couplings in pp → HH
50. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Analysis techniques & extrapolation strategies
ATLAS HL-LHC analysis techniques:
• 14 TeV collision energy and 140 or 200 PU
• Simulate detector response by smearing pT and E of physics objects,
• Emulate triggers with trigger efficiency functions
CMS fast simulation for HL-LHC:
• 14 TeV collision energy and 200 PU
• Parameterised Delphes simulation
CMS extrapolation strategy:
• Public results @13 TeV are extrapolated to larger data sets (300 and 3000 fb−1).
• Extrapolations are presented under different scenarios for the evolution of uncertainties.
43
Validated with
full simulation
Validated with full simulation
51. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
H(125) properties in H → γγ @ HL-LHC
Performance estimated using the H→ γγ analysis @12.9 fb−1 (13 TeV).
Effects of high pileup and detector performance @3ab-1 estimated:
• The beamspot is simulated to have σz ∼ 5 cm
• Vertex identification reduced from 80% to 40%
• Photon ID efficiency decreased by 2.3% (10%) in EB (EE)
44
CMS-PAS-FTR-16-002
Signal strength per production mode Fiducial XS measurements
52. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
H(125) properties in H → 4ℓ @ HL-LHC
Performance estimated using the H→ 4ℓ analysis @12.9 fb−1 (13 TeV).
Effects of high pileup and detector performance @3ab-1 estimated:
• Lepton misidentification rates
• Lepton efficiencies decreased accordingly for muons/electrons
45
Signal strength per production mode Differential pT(H) cross section
CMS-PAS-FTR-16-002
53. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
H(125) properties in H → 4ℓ @ HL-LHC
Performance estimated using the simplified version of H→ 4ℓ analysis @ 8 TeV.
• H(125) off-shell production exploited to constrain its decay width ΓH
• Lepton efficiencies assumed to be preserved
• Limits on ΓH extracted assuming SM-like Higgs boson (YR4 : ΓSM = 4.10 MeV @ mH=125.09 GeV)
46
m4ℓ and off-shell production: ME discriminant:
ΓH = 4.2+1.5
−2.1 MeV (stat+sys) [@3000 fb-1]
ATL-PHYS-PUB-2015-024
54. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
H(125) self-couplings @ HL-LHC
Performance estimated using the pp → HH analyses with 2015 data (13 TeV).
• Probe the shape of the scalar Higgs potential.
• Results for several decay modes: HH → bbττ / bbγγ / bbVV / bbbb .
47
CMS-PAS-FTR-16-002
σHH ~ 33.5 fb-1 @ 13TeV (NNLO + NNLL)
λHHH
55. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
H(125) self-couplings @ HL-LHC
Performance estimated using the pp → HH analyses with 2015 data (13 TeV).
• Probe the shape of the scalar Higgs potential.
• Results for several decay modes: HH → bbττ / bbγγ / bbVV / bbbb .
47
CMS-PAS-FTR-16-002
σHH ~ 33.5 fb-1 @ 13TeV (NNLO + NNLL)
λHHH
56. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
H(125) self-couplings @ HL-LHC
Performance estimated using the simplified pp → HH analyses (13 TeV).
• Probe the shape of the scalar Higgs potential.
• Results for decay modes: HH → bbγγ / bbbb, and ttHH production (HH → bbbb, semi-leptonic tt)
48
ATL-PHYS-PUB-2016-024
ATL-PHYS-PUB-2017-001
σHH ~ 33.5 fb-1 @ 13TeV (NNLO + NNLL)
λHHH
HH → bbγγ HH → bbbb
(trigger pT > 75 GeV)
Expected to be constrained to:
−0.8 < λ/λSM < 7.7
Expected to be constrained to:
−3.4 < λ/λSM < 12
57. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Physics performance @ HL-LHC
49
Prospects for new physics at HL-LHC:
• Probing for anomalous HVV interactions in H → 4ℓ
• Searches for SUSY and DM signatures
• Direct observation of new resonances (Z', W')
58. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Anomalous HZZ interactions @ HL-LHC
Performance estimated using the H→ 4ℓ analysis @12.9 fb−1 (13 TeV).
• Parameterisation of
decay amplitude:
Effects of high pileup and detector performance @3ab-1 estimated:
• Lepton misidentification rates, and efficiencies
50
CMS-PAS-FTR-16-002
Towards the small values of
fractional presence sensitivity
pre-dominantly comes from
the interference effects between
different decay amplitude terms
Projected 95% CIs:
59. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
SUSY searches @ HL-LHC
Performance estimated using the (simplified) analyses
• Direct stau pair production: Simplified models, assume 100% BR of τ ➞ τ χ0
1
• Main background:W+jets, ttbar
• Direct stop pair production: Compressed mass spectra
• Low stop - neutralino mass difference, channel needs high luminosity
• Parameterised detector response (resolution, efficiencies, misidentification rates)
51
ATL-PHYS-PUB-2016-021
ATL-PHYS-PUB-2016-022
Direct stau pair production: Direct stop pair production:
Discovery reach m(stau) < 430-520 GeV
current exclusion limits about 110 GeV
Discovery reach m(stop) < 500 GeV
60. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Performance estimated using the Z' and W' searches @ 13 TeV.
• W' → tb → bbℓν : high-pT lepton, significant ETmiss, two b-jets
• Z' → tt → ℓνb qq'b / qq'b qq'b : Exploit boosted topologies
Effects of high pileup and detector performance @3ab-1 estimated:
• Lepton efficiencies assumed to be preserved,
systematics (likely conservative) adopted to diff. scenarios.
Z' → tt (hadronic)
Exclusion: m(Z’) > 4 TeV (similar to both final states)
New resonances @ HL-LHC
52
CMS-PAS-FTR-16-005
ATL-PHYS-PUB-2017-002
Exclusion: m(W’) > 4 TeV
W' → tb → bbℓν
Z' → tt
(hadronic + semi-leptonic)
current limits about 2.7 TeV current limits about 2 TeV
61. Higgs boson measurements at LHC and prospects at HL-LHC AWLC'17, SLAC, 26-30th June, 2017
Measurements @ 7, 8, 13 TeV indicate the SM-like Higgs boson
• Understanding of the true nature of the Higgs boson is one of
the central subjects in the particles physics today
Near-term future measurements @ 13/14 TeV
might provides us with some hints...
• Higgs boson might offer a portal to the new physics phenomena
Upgrades to HL-LHC will enable full discovery potential
• Major effort of the community of theoretical and experimental
physicists is required (and is already ongoing)
• Estimates of the HL-LHC performance are already encouraging
Next-generation accelerators and experiments are key to the future
of particles physics and to our understanding of the Nature
Summary
53