This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using K-means clustering and Fuzzy C-means algorithms for defect segmentation in fruits. The paper begins with an introduction to quality assessment in food industries and computer vision techniques for inspection. It then discusses related works in fruit quality evaluation and defect detection. Next, it provides details of the K-means and Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithms. Finally, it describes implementing the clustering methods for defect segmentation on apple images, including preprocessing, feature extraction in color space, and classification.
IRJET- Food (Fruit) Quality Recognition by External Appearance and InternalFl...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed smart fruit quality grading system that classifies fruits based on both external appearance and internal flavor factors using image processing and near-infrared spectroscopy techniques. The system aims to reduce human labor costs for the fruit industry. It would use a CCD camera to capture fruit images for analyzing external features like size, shape, and defects. Near-infrared spectroscopy would measure internal qualities like sweetness, acidity, hardness, and moisture. An artificial neural network would then classify the fruits based on these analyzed factors. The system is proposed to more efficiently and consistently grade fruit quality compared to manual inspection methods.
Analysis And Detection of Infected Fruit Part Using Improved k-means Clusteri...IJSRD
Drastic increase in the overseas commerce has increased nowadays .Modern food industries work on the quality and safety of the products. Fruits such as oranges and apple are imported and exported on large scale. Identifying the defect manually become time consuming process. The combined study of image processing and clustering technique gave a turning point to the defect defection in fruits. This paper gives a solution for defect detection and classification of fruits using improved K-means clustering algorithm. Based on their color pixels are clustered. Then the merging takes place to a specific no of regions. Although defect segmentation is not depend on the color, it causes to produce different power to different regions of image. We have taken some of the fruits for the experimental results to clarify the proposed approach to improve the analysis and detection of fruit quality to minimize the precious and computational time. The proposed system is effective due to result obtained.
Classification of Macronutrient Deficiencies in Maize Plant Using Machine Lea...IJECEIAES
This paper aims to classify macronutrient deficiencies in maize plants using machine learning techniques. Two feature extraction methods are used to generate two feature sets from images of healthy and deficient maize leaves. Various machine learning classifiers including artificial neural networks, support vector machines, k-nearest neighbors, and deep networks with autoencoders are applied to the two feature sets and their classification accuracies are compared. The results show that deep networks with autoencoders achieved the highest accuracy of 100% for one feature set, while k-nearest neighbors performed best for the other feature set. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of machine learning approaches for nutrient deficiency classification in plants.
IRJET- A Food Recognition System for Diabetic Patients based on an Optimized ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a food recognition system for diabetic patients based on an optimized bag-of-features model. The system extracts dense local features from food images using scale-invariant feature transform on HSV color space. It then builds a visual vocabulary of 10,000 visual words using k-means clustering and classifies the food descriptions with a linear support vector machine classifier. The optimized system achieved a classification accuracy of around 78% on a dataset of over 5,000 food images belonging to 11 classes, demonstrating the feasibility of using a bag-of-features approach for automated food recognition to help with carbohydrate counting for diabetic patients.
This document summarizes the applications of seed image analysis in seed science research. It discusses how image analysis can be used for varietal identification, characterization, and germination testing. Seed image analysis involves acquiring digital images of seeds and using computer programs to extract quantitative data on seed characteristics like size, shape, color and texture. This data can then be used to automatically classify and identify seed varieties. The document outlines several studies that achieved 98% or higher accuracy in classifying different wheat and bean varieties using seed image analysis. It also discusses how the technique can be applied to testing seed germination and distinguishing new varieties for plant breeding programs.
IRJET- Identify Quality Index of the Fruit Vegetable by Non Destructive or wi...IRJET Journal
This document presents a literature review and proposed system for identifying the quality of fruits and vegetables using non-destructive image processing techniques. It discusses using computer vision algorithms like filtering, segmentation, feature extraction and classification to analyze images of fruits and determine quality metrics like size, shape, color and defects. The proposed system would capture images, preprocess them, extract features and classify fruits as good or defective quality without damaging the fruits. This could help automate quality inspection and grading of agricultural produce.
IRJET- A Fruit Quality Inspection Sytem using Faster Region Convolutional...IRJET Journal
This document presents a fruit quality inspection system using a Faster Region Convolutional Neural Network (RCNN). The system uses a Faster RCNN algorithm and softmax classifier to detect and classify fruit quality. Faster RCNN is capable of performing both region proposal generation and objection tasks using a single convolutional network, making it faster than RCNN. The system feeds images of fruit into a convolutional network to generate feature maps. Region proposals are identified from the feature maps and reshaped to be classified and have bounding boxes predicted, allowing for automated fruit quality inspection.
Plant Monitoring using Image Processing, Raspberry PI & IOTIRJET Journal
This document describes a plant monitoring system using image processing, a Raspberry Pi, and the Internet of Things. The system uses image processing techniques like segmentation, feature extraction and classification on images of plant leaves to detect diseases. Sensors connected to an Arduino board such as a humidity sensor, gas sensors and a light sensor are used to monitor environmental conditions. The Arduino and Raspberry Pi are connected to allow the sensors data to be sent to the Raspberry Pi. The Raspberry Pi then sends notifications about the plant health and environmental conditions to smartphones. This allows remote monitoring of farm conditions.
IRJET- Food (Fruit) Quality Recognition by External Appearance and InternalFl...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed smart fruit quality grading system that classifies fruits based on both external appearance and internal flavor factors using image processing and near-infrared spectroscopy techniques. The system aims to reduce human labor costs for the fruit industry. It would use a CCD camera to capture fruit images for analyzing external features like size, shape, and defects. Near-infrared spectroscopy would measure internal qualities like sweetness, acidity, hardness, and moisture. An artificial neural network would then classify the fruits based on these analyzed factors. The system is proposed to more efficiently and consistently grade fruit quality compared to manual inspection methods.
Analysis And Detection of Infected Fruit Part Using Improved k-means Clusteri...IJSRD
Drastic increase in the overseas commerce has increased nowadays .Modern food industries work on the quality and safety of the products. Fruits such as oranges and apple are imported and exported on large scale. Identifying the defect manually become time consuming process. The combined study of image processing and clustering technique gave a turning point to the defect defection in fruits. This paper gives a solution for defect detection and classification of fruits using improved K-means clustering algorithm. Based on their color pixels are clustered. Then the merging takes place to a specific no of regions. Although defect segmentation is not depend on the color, it causes to produce different power to different regions of image. We have taken some of the fruits for the experimental results to clarify the proposed approach to improve the analysis and detection of fruit quality to minimize the precious and computational time. The proposed system is effective due to result obtained.
Classification of Macronutrient Deficiencies in Maize Plant Using Machine Lea...IJECEIAES
This paper aims to classify macronutrient deficiencies in maize plants using machine learning techniques. Two feature extraction methods are used to generate two feature sets from images of healthy and deficient maize leaves. Various machine learning classifiers including artificial neural networks, support vector machines, k-nearest neighbors, and deep networks with autoencoders are applied to the two feature sets and their classification accuracies are compared. The results show that deep networks with autoencoders achieved the highest accuracy of 100% for one feature set, while k-nearest neighbors performed best for the other feature set. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of machine learning approaches for nutrient deficiency classification in plants.
IRJET- A Food Recognition System for Diabetic Patients based on an Optimized ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a food recognition system for diabetic patients based on an optimized bag-of-features model. The system extracts dense local features from food images using scale-invariant feature transform on HSV color space. It then builds a visual vocabulary of 10,000 visual words using k-means clustering and classifies the food descriptions with a linear support vector machine classifier. The optimized system achieved a classification accuracy of around 78% on a dataset of over 5,000 food images belonging to 11 classes, demonstrating the feasibility of using a bag-of-features approach for automated food recognition to help with carbohydrate counting for diabetic patients.
This document summarizes the applications of seed image analysis in seed science research. It discusses how image analysis can be used for varietal identification, characterization, and germination testing. Seed image analysis involves acquiring digital images of seeds and using computer programs to extract quantitative data on seed characteristics like size, shape, color and texture. This data can then be used to automatically classify and identify seed varieties. The document outlines several studies that achieved 98% or higher accuracy in classifying different wheat and bean varieties using seed image analysis. It also discusses how the technique can be applied to testing seed germination and distinguishing new varieties for plant breeding programs.
IRJET- Identify Quality Index of the Fruit Vegetable by Non Destructive or wi...IRJET Journal
This document presents a literature review and proposed system for identifying the quality of fruits and vegetables using non-destructive image processing techniques. It discusses using computer vision algorithms like filtering, segmentation, feature extraction and classification to analyze images of fruits and determine quality metrics like size, shape, color and defects. The proposed system would capture images, preprocess them, extract features and classify fruits as good or defective quality without damaging the fruits. This could help automate quality inspection and grading of agricultural produce.
IRJET- A Fruit Quality Inspection Sytem using Faster Region Convolutional...IRJET Journal
This document presents a fruit quality inspection system using a Faster Region Convolutional Neural Network (RCNN). The system uses a Faster RCNN algorithm and softmax classifier to detect and classify fruit quality. Faster RCNN is capable of performing both region proposal generation and objection tasks using a single convolutional network, making it faster than RCNN. The system feeds images of fruit into a convolutional network to generate feature maps. Region proposals are identified from the feature maps and reshaped to be classified and have bounding boxes predicted, allowing for automated fruit quality inspection.
Plant Monitoring using Image Processing, Raspberry PI & IOTIRJET Journal
This document describes a plant monitoring system using image processing, a Raspberry Pi, and the Internet of Things. The system uses image processing techniques like segmentation, feature extraction and classification on images of plant leaves to detect diseases. Sensors connected to an Arduino board such as a humidity sensor, gas sensors and a light sensor are used to monitor environmental conditions. The Arduino and Raspberry Pi are connected to allow the sensors data to be sent to the Raspberry Pi. The Raspberry Pi then sends notifications about the plant health and environmental conditions to smartphones. This allows remote monitoring of farm conditions.
IRJET- Applications of different Techniques in Agricultural System: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews different techniques used in agricultural systems, including for identifying plant diseases and providing fertilizer recommendations. It discusses several proposed systems: 1) A machine learning approach using support vector machines to identify and classify five cotton plant diseases from images and provide treatment recommendations via an Android app. 2) An automatic plant disease detection system using image processing and Gaussian smoothing to identify affected plant spots, achieving 90.96% accuracy. 3) An automated system to mix fertilizers in required ratios and supply them with irrigation water to maintain optimal soil moisture levels and increase crop yields. 4) A remote monitoring and control system using sensors to control fertilizer injection and irrigation based on soil moisture levels. 5) An intelligent drip irrigation and fertigation system
This document presents a study on using color texture feature analysis to detect surface defects on pomegranates. The researchers developed a method involving cropping images of pomegranates, converting them to HSI color space, generating SGDM matrices to extract 18 texture features for each image, and using support vector machines (SVM) classification to identify the best features for detecting infections. The optimal features identified were cluster shade, product moment, and mean intensity, achieving classification accuracy of 99.88%, 99.88%, and 99.81% respectively.
Classify Rice Disease Using Self-Optimizing Models and Edge Computing with A...Damian R. Mingle, MBA
This document summarizes research on classifying rice diseases using self-optimizing machine learning models and edge computing. The researchers used an automated machine learning platform to build models for identifying 3 classes of rice diseases from images. They extracted features from the images using a deep learning network and then used those features to train traditional machine learning models like ExtraTrees Classifier and Stochastic Gradient Descent. The goal was to develop an end-to-end solution for rice farmers to easily and accurately detect diseases in the field and receive treatment recommendations in real-time.
528Seed Technological Development – A Surveyidescitation
This paper provides a review of automating or semi-automating the seed quality
purity test. Computer vision (CV) technology used in variety of industries is a sophisticated
type of inspection technology; however, it is not widely used in agriculture.The application
of CV technologies is very challenging in agriculture. As CV plays an important role in this
domain, research in this area has been motivated. Several theories of automating seed
quality purity test are briefly mentioned. The reviewed approaches are classified according
to features and classifiers. The methods for extracting features of a particular seed, and the
classifiers used for classifying the seeds, are mentioned in the paper. An overview of the
most representative methods for feature extraction and classification of seeds is presented.
The major goal of the paper is to provide a comprehensive reference source for the
researchers involved in automation of seed classification, regardless of particular feature or
classifier.
Identification and Classification of Fruit DiseasesIJERA Editor
Diseases in fruit cause major problem in agricultural industry and also causes economic loss.The diseases in
fruits reduce the yield and also deteriorate the variety and its withdraw from the cultivation.So, earlier detection
of symptoms of fruit disease is required.In this paper a solution for identification and classification of fruit
diseases is proposed and experimentally validated.Ten different fruits has been selected with few of their
diseases . The image processing based proposed approach is composed of following main steps,first step is
segmentation using K-means and C-Means clustering algorithms,Second step is conducted a performance
evaluation of segmentation algorithm by measuring the parameters such as Measure of overlapping (MOL),
Measure of under-segmentation (MUS), Measure of over segmentation (MOS), Dice similarity measure (DSM),
Error-rate (ER). The segmentation performance is calculated based on the comparison between the manually
segmented ground truth G and segmentation result S generated by the image segmentation approach. After
segmentation features are extracted using GLCM. The k Nearest Neighbours Algorithm classifier is used to
classify the diseases in fruits .The collected database consists of 34 classes with 243 images .The experiment has
been conducted on database of 34 classes having training samples of 30,50,70 percent of database .The result of
classification has relatively higher accuracy in all cases when segmented using K-Means than C-Means
clustering algorithms
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Grading and quality testing of food grains using neural networkeSAT Journals
Abstract The quality of food grains is referred to the every aspect of the profit of supply and marketing. The varietals purity is one of the factors whose inspection is more difficult and more complicated than that of other factors. In the present grain-handling system, grain type and quality are rapidly assessed by visual inspection. This evaluation process is, however, tedious and time consuming. The decision-making capabilities of a grain inspector can be seriously affected by his/her physical condition such as fatigue and eyesight, mental state caused by biases and work pressure, and working conditions such as improper lighting, climate, etc. The farmers are affected by this manual activity. Hence, these tasks require automation and develop imaging systems that can be helpful to identify quality of grain images. A model of quality grade testing and identification is built which is based on appearance features such as the morphological and colour with technology of computer image processing and neural network. The morphological and colour features are presented to the neural network for training purposes. The trained network is then used to identify the unknown grain types, impurities and its quality. Keywords: Grain quality, image processing, neural network
Computer Vision based Model for Fruit Sorting using K-Nearest Neighbour clas...IJEEE
This document presents a computer vision based model for fruit sorting using a K-nearest neighbor classifier. It uses color and morphological features extracted from images to classify six types of fruits (red apples, green apples, golden apples, oranges, bananas, and carrots). The methodology involves image segmentation using K-means clustering, followed by extraction of color features from RGB and HSI color spaces and morphological features. A K-nearest neighbor classifier with Euclidean distance metric is then used for classification. The system achieved 100% accuracy in classifying the six fruit types based on the extracted features.
Weed and crop segmentation and classification using area thresholdingeSAT Journals
Abstract In the agricultural industry, the weed and crop identification and classification are major technical and economical importance. Two classification algorithms are focused in this paper. And the better classification algorithm has been selected to classify weed and crop from the images. There are three main parts of proposed system are segmentation, classification and error calculation. The developed algorithm based on area thresholding has been tested on weeds and various locations. Forty one sample images have been tested and the result of some weed coverage rate is illustrated. Moreover, the misclassification rate is also computed. An algorithm has been done to automate the tasks of segmentation and classification. The overall process is implemented in MATLAB. Keywords - Objects segmentation, Image processing, Plant classification, Area Thresholding
IRJET- Automatic Fruit Quality Detection SystemIRJET Journal
This document presents an automatic fruit quality detection system that uses computer vision and image processing techniques. The system captures images of fruits on a conveyor belt using a camera. It then performs image processing on the images to analyze features like color, size, and texture. It can detect defects in fruits based on pixel analysis of the images. The fruits are then sorted based on color and graded based on size. The system aims to automate and improve the efficiency of the fruit sorting and grading process compared to manual methods. It analyzes the images, detects quality factors, and controls hardware like the conveyor belt based on the analysis results.
This document summarizes an article that proposes using image processing techniques in agriculture to detect weed areas in crop fields. The researchers took images from agricultural fields and used MATLAB to implement image segmentation algorithms to identify weed areas. The article provides background on how image processing can be used for various agricultural applications like detecting diseased plants, quantifying affected areas, and determining fruit size and shape. It also reviews different existing image classification techniques used for agricultural disease detection, such as neural networks, support vector machines, and others.
The quality identification of fruits in image processing using matlabeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The document analyzes the geometric properties of Kohanz apples through manual measurement and image processing. It finds that the mean diameter of the apples is 57.6 mm, with a mean eccentricity of 0.3058, roundness of 0.5858, and sphericity of 0.9985. These properties are important for designing an optimal packing structure for the apples that minimizes damage during transport and storage.
Quality Evaluation Technique For Phyllanthus Emblica(Gooseberry) Using Comput...ijsrd.com
This paper proposes quality assessment method to classify a phyllanthus emblica (gooseberry) using computer vision by surface and geometric features. India is one of the most important gooseberry producers in North Asia, than Germany, Poland, U.K, Russia etc., but fruit sorting in some area is still done by hand which is tedious and inaccurate. Thus, the need exists for improvement of efficiency and accuracy of this fruit quality assessment that can meet the demands of international markets. Low-cost and non-destructive technologies capable of sorting gooseberry according to their properties would help to promote the gooseberry export industries. This paper propose the method of colorization and extracting value parameters, by this parameters the detection of browning or affected part and identification of the uniform shape and size. This differentiates the quality of gooseberries processed as well as fresh. For classification the decision tree is used.
Classification of Mango Fruit Varieties using Naive Bayes Algorithmijtsrd
Mangos are an important agricultural commodity in the global market for fresh products. In Myanmar, the type of mango called SeinTaLone is the best taste and the most people like it. Another type of mango called MaSawYin is not good taste but it is visually similar to the SeinTaLone. So, some people are difficult to classify the mango varieties. A means for distinguishing mango varieties is needed and therefore, some reliable technique is needed to discriminate varieties rapidly and non destructively. The main objective of this research was to classify the varieties of mango fruit that occur in Myanmar using Naive Bayes algorithm. The methodology involved image acquisition, pre processing and segmentation, feature extraction and classification of mango varieties. A method for classifying varieties of mangos using image processing technique is proposed in this paper. RGB image was first converted to HSV image. Then by using edge detection method and morphological operation, region of interest was segmented by taking into account only the HUE component image of the HSV image. Later, a total of 4 shape features and 13 texture features were extracted. Extracted features were given as inputs to a Naive Byaesian classifier to classify the test images as each type. The data set used had 50 mango images for each varieties of mango for training and 20 images of mango for each variety for testing. Ohnmar Win "Classification of Mango Fruit Varieties using Naive Bayes Algorithm" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26677.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/26677/classification-of-mango-fruit-varieties-using-naive-bayes-algorithm/ohnmar-win
IRJET - Survey on Soil Classification using Different TechniquesIRJET Journal
The document discusses different techniques for classifying soil types, including machine learning algorithms. It provides an overview of previous research that has used support vector machines, decision trees, naive Bayes, neural networks, and convolutional neural networks to classify soils based on their properties and spectral data. The document also describes common soil classification methods used in India based on location and particle size. It evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of different soil classification techniques.
IRJET- Texture based Features Approach for Crop Diseases Classification and D...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using texture-based features and machine learning algorithms to classify and diagnose crop diseases from images of plant leaves. It proposes extracting color and texture features from images of leaves showing symptoms of disease. Two machine learning algorithms, K-Nearest Neighbors and Support Vector Machine, are used to classify the images based on the extracted features and diagnose the crop disease. The implementation is done using MATLAB. This approach aims to automatically detect diseases in crops at early stages from leaf images in order to help farmers treat diseases promptly to minimize crop losses and improve yields.
REAL FRUIT DEFECTIVE DETECTION BASED ON IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES USING OPENCVIRJET Journal
This document discusses a research project that aims to develop a computer vision system using OpenCV to detect defects in fruits based on image processing techniques. The system would analyze images of fruits to determine quality by examining features like color, texture, and size. Such a system could help automate quality inspection in the fruit industry in India in a way that is more efficient and objective than manual methods. It provides background on the importance of fruit production in India and the need for automation. The proposed approach involves preprocessing images, extracting features, and analyzing the images to classify fruits as defective or not defective. Benefits of this system include easier quality assessment and more consistent evaluations.
This document presents a technique for detecting defects on fruits using computer vision. It uses color images of fruits and performs feature extraction to extract color, edge, and texture features. A k-means clustering algorithm is then used to classify the fruits based on their extracted features. The k-means algorithm clusters the fruits into k groups based on the features. This technique allows for detection of defects on fruits in an automated way, providing a robust solution and improving quality control in the food and agricultural industries.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document describes a proposed system for detecting grain adulteration using deep neural networks. The objectives are to generate training data by labeling grain images, extract shape features to identify adulteration, train a model using online GPU resources, and understand the impacts of adulteration. The proposed system uses image processing techniques like brightness equalization and edge detection to preprocess grain images before segmenting and classifying them using a convolutional neural network model. This automated approach aims to overcome limitations of existing manual inspection methods.
This document proposes a method for stem removal of citrus fruit images using morphological image processing and thresholding. The method involves preprocessing images by resizing, converting to HSV color space, and removing noise using Gaussian filtering. Stem removal is then performed using morphological opening, distance transforms, top-hat filtering, and thresholding the grayscale values to isolate the stem pixels. The proposed stem removal process aims to accurately extract citrus fruit from images for classification.
IRJET- Applications of different Techniques in Agricultural System: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews different techniques used in agricultural systems, including for identifying plant diseases and providing fertilizer recommendations. It discusses several proposed systems: 1) A machine learning approach using support vector machines to identify and classify five cotton plant diseases from images and provide treatment recommendations via an Android app. 2) An automatic plant disease detection system using image processing and Gaussian smoothing to identify affected plant spots, achieving 90.96% accuracy. 3) An automated system to mix fertilizers in required ratios and supply them with irrigation water to maintain optimal soil moisture levels and increase crop yields. 4) A remote monitoring and control system using sensors to control fertilizer injection and irrigation based on soil moisture levels. 5) An intelligent drip irrigation and fertigation system
This document presents a study on using color texture feature analysis to detect surface defects on pomegranates. The researchers developed a method involving cropping images of pomegranates, converting them to HSI color space, generating SGDM matrices to extract 18 texture features for each image, and using support vector machines (SVM) classification to identify the best features for detecting infections. The optimal features identified were cluster shade, product moment, and mean intensity, achieving classification accuracy of 99.88%, 99.88%, and 99.81% respectively.
Classify Rice Disease Using Self-Optimizing Models and Edge Computing with A...Damian R. Mingle, MBA
This document summarizes research on classifying rice diseases using self-optimizing machine learning models and edge computing. The researchers used an automated machine learning platform to build models for identifying 3 classes of rice diseases from images. They extracted features from the images using a deep learning network and then used those features to train traditional machine learning models like ExtraTrees Classifier and Stochastic Gradient Descent. The goal was to develop an end-to-end solution for rice farmers to easily and accurately detect diseases in the field and receive treatment recommendations in real-time.
528Seed Technological Development – A Surveyidescitation
This paper provides a review of automating or semi-automating the seed quality
purity test. Computer vision (CV) technology used in variety of industries is a sophisticated
type of inspection technology; however, it is not widely used in agriculture.The application
of CV technologies is very challenging in agriculture. As CV plays an important role in this
domain, research in this area has been motivated. Several theories of automating seed
quality purity test are briefly mentioned. The reviewed approaches are classified according
to features and classifiers. The methods for extracting features of a particular seed, and the
classifiers used for classifying the seeds, are mentioned in the paper. An overview of the
most representative methods for feature extraction and classification of seeds is presented.
The major goal of the paper is to provide a comprehensive reference source for the
researchers involved in automation of seed classification, regardless of particular feature or
classifier.
Identification and Classification of Fruit DiseasesIJERA Editor
Diseases in fruit cause major problem in agricultural industry and also causes economic loss.The diseases in
fruits reduce the yield and also deteriorate the variety and its withdraw from the cultivation.So, earlier detection
of symptoms of fruit disease is required.In this paper a solution for identification and classification of fruit
diseases is proposed and experimentally validated.Ten different fruits has been selected with few of their
diseases . The image processing based proposed approach is composed of following main steps,first step is
segmentation using K-means and C-Means clustering algorithms,Second step is conducted a performance
evaluation of segmentation algorithm by measuring the parameters such as Measure of overlapping (MOL),
Measure of under-segmentation (MUS), Measure of over segmentation (MOS), Dice similarity measure (DSM),
Error-rate (ER). The segmentation performance is calculated based on the comparison between the manually
segmented ground truth G and segmentation result S generated by the image segmentation approach. After
segmentation features are extracted using GLCM. The k Nearest Neighbours Algorithm classifier is used to
classify the diseases in fruits .The collected database consists of 34 classes with 243 images .The experiment has
been conducted on database of 34 classes having training samples of 30,50,70 percent of database .The result of
classification has relatively higher accuracy in all cases when segmented using K-Means than C-Means
clustering algorithms
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Grading and quality testing of food grains using neural networkeSAT Journals
Abstract The quality of food grains is referred to the every aspect of the profit of supply and marketing. The varietals purity is one of the factors whose inspection is more difficult and more complicated than that of other factors. In the present grain-handling system, grain type and quality are rapidly assessed by visual inspection. This evaluation process is, however, tedious and time consuming. The decision-making capabilities of a grain inspector can be seriously affected by his/her physical condition such as fatigue and eyesight, mental state caused by biases and work pressure, and working conditions such as improper lighting, climate, etc. The farmers are affected by this manual activity. Hence, these tasks require automation and develop imaging systems that can be helpful to identify quality of grain images. A model of quality grade testing and identification is built which is based on appearance features such as the morphological and colour with technology of computer image processing and neural network. The morphological and colour features are presented to the neural network for training purposes. The trained network is then used to identify the unknown grain types, impurities and its quality. Keywords: Grain quality, image processing, neural network
Computer Vision based Model for Fruit Sorting using K-Nearest Neighbour clas...IJEEE
This document presents a computer vision based model for fruit sorting using a K-nearest neighbor classifier. It uses color and morphological features extracted from images to classify six types of fruits (red apples, green apples, golden apples, oranges, bananas, and carrots). The methodology involves image segmentation using K-means clustering, followed by extraction of color features from RGB and HSI color spaces and morphological features. A K-nearest neighbor classifier with Euclidean distance metric is then used for classification. The system achieved 100% accuracy in classifying the six fruit types based on the extracted features.
Weed and crop segmentation and classification using area thresholdingeSAT Journals
Abstract In the agricultural industry, the weed and crop identification and classification are major technical and economical importance. Two classification algorithms are focused in this paper. And the better classification algorithm has been selected to classify weed and crop from the images. There are three main parts of proposed system are segmentation, classification and error calculation. The developed algorithm based on area thresholding has been tested on weeds and various locations. Forty one sample images have been tested and the result of some weed coverage rate is illustrated. Moreover, the misclassification rate is also computed. An algorithm has been done to automate the tasks of segmentation and classification. The overall process is implemented in MATLAB. Keywords - Objects segmentation, Image processing, Plant classification, Area Thresholding
IRJET- Automatic Fruit Quality Detection SystemIRJET Journal
This document presents an automatic fruit quality detection system that uses computer vision and image processing techniques. The system captures images of fruits on a conveyor belt using a camera. It then performs image processing on the images to analyze features like color, size, and texture. It can detect defects in fruits based on pixel analysis of the images. The fruits are then sorted based on color and graded based on size. The system aims to automate and improve the efficiency of the fruit sorting and grading process compared to manual methods. It analyzes the images, detects quality factors, and controls hardware like the conveyor belt based on the analysis results.
This document summarizes an article that proposes using image processing techniques in agriculture to detect weed areas in crop fields. The researchers took images from agricultural fields and used MATLAB to implement image segmentation algorithms to identify weed areas. The article provides background on how image processing can be used for various agricultural applications like detecting diseased plants, quantifying affected areas, and determining fruit size and shape. It also reviews different existing image classification techniques used for agricultural disease detection, such as neural networks, support vector machines, and others.
The quality identification of fruits in image processing using matlabeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The document analyzes the geometric properties of Kohanz apples through manual measurement and image processing. It finds that the mean diameter of the apples is 57.6 mm, with a mean eccentricity of 0.3058, roundness of 0.5858, and sphericity of 0.9985. These properties are important for designing an optimal packing structure for the apples that minimizes damage during transport and storage.
Quality Evaluation Technique For Phyllanthus Emblica(Gooseberry) Using Comput...ijsrd.com
This paper proposes quality assessment method to classify a phyllanthus emblica (gooseberry) using computer vision by surface and geometric features. India is one of the most important gooseberry producers in North Asia, than Germany, Poland, U.K, Russia etc., but fruit sorting in some area is still done by hand which is tedious and inaccurate. Thus, the need exists for improvement of efficiency and accuracy of this fruit quality assessment that can meet the demands of international markets. Low-cost and non-destructive technologies capable of sorting gooseberry according to their properties would help to promote the gooseberry export industries. This paper propose the method of colorization and extracting value parameters, by this parameters the detection of browning or affected part and identification of the uniform shape and size. This differentiates the quality of gooseberries processed as well as fresh. For classification the decision tree is used.
Classification of Mango Fruit Varieties using Naive Bayes Algorithmijtsrd
Mangos are an important agricultural commodity in the global market for fresh products. In Myanmar, the type of mango called SeinTaLone is the best taste and the most people like it. Another type of mango called MaSawYin is not good taste but it is visually similar to the SeinTaLone. So, some people are difficult to classify the mango varieties. A means for distinguishing mango varieties is needed and therefore, some reliable technique is needed to discriminate varieties rapidly and non destructively. The main objective of this research was to classify the varieties of mango fruit that occur in Myanmar using Naive Bayes algorithm. The methodology involved image acquisition, pre processing and segmentation, feature extraction and classification of mango varieties. A method for classifying varieties of mangos using image processing technique is proposed in this paper. RGB image was first converted to HSV image. Then by using edge detection method and morphological operation, region of interest was segmented by taking into account only the HUE component image of the HSV image. Later, a total of 4 shape features and 13 texture features were extracted. Extracted features were given as inputs to a Naive Byaesian classifier to classify the test images as each type. The data set used had 50 mango images for each varieties of mango for training and 20 images of mango for each variety for testing. Ohnmar Win "Classification of Mango Fruit Varieties using Naive Bayes Algorithm" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26677.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/26677/classification-of-mango-fruit-varieties-using-naive-bayes-algorithm/ohnmar-win
IRJET - Survey on Soil Classification using Different TechniquesIRJET Journal
The document discusses different techniques for classifying soil types, including machine learning algorithms. It provides an overview of previous research that has used support vector machines, decision trees, naive Bayes, neural networks, and convolutional neural networks to classify soils based on their properties and spectral data. The document also describes common soil classification methods used in India based on location and particle size. It evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of different soil classification techniques.
IRJET- Texture based Features Approach for Crop Diseases Classification and D...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using texture-based features and machine learning algorithms to classify and diagnose crop diseases from images of plant leaves. It proposes extracting color and texture features from images of leaves showing symptoms of disease. Two machine learning algorithms, K-Nearest Neighbors and Support Vector Machine, are used to classify the images based on the extracted features and diagnose the crop disease. The implementation is done using MATLAB. This approach aims to automatically detect diseases in crops at early stages from leaf images in order to help farmers treat diseases promptly to minimize crop losses and improve yields.
REAL FRUIT DEFECTIVE DETECTION BASED ON IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES USING OPENCVIRJET Journal
This document discusses a research project that aims to develop a computer vision system using OpenCV to detect defects in fruits based on image processing techniques. The system would analyze images of fruits to determine quality by examining features like color, texture, and size. Such a system could help automate quality inspection in the fruit industry in India in a way that is more efficient and objective than manual methods. It provides background on the importance of fruit production in India and the need for automation. The proposed approach involves preprocessing images, extracting features, and analyzing the images to classify fruits as defective or not defective. Benefits of this system include easier quality assessment and more consistent evaluations.
This document presents a technique for detecting defects on fruits using computer vision. It uses color images of fruits and performs feature extraction to extract color, edge, and texture features. A k-means clustering algorithm is then used to classify the fruits based on their extracted features. The k-means algorithm clusters the fruits into k groups based on the features. This technique allows for detection of defects on fruits in an automated way, providing a robust solution and improving quality control in the food and agricultural industries.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The document describes a proposed system for detecting grain adulteration using deep neural networks. The objectives are to generate training data by labeling grain images, extract shape features to identify adulteration, train a model using online GPU resources, and understand the impacts of adulteration. The proposed system uses image processing techniques like brightness equalization and edge detection to preprocess grain images before segmenting and classifying them using a convolutional neural network model. This automated approach aims to overcome limitations of existing manual inspection methods.
This document proposes a method for stem removal of citrus fruit images using morphological image processing and thresholding. The method involves preprocessing images by resizing, converting to HSV color space, and removing noise using Gaussian filtering. Stem removal is then performed using morphological opening, distance transforms, top-hat filtering, and thresholding the grayscale values to isolate the stem pixels. The proposed stem removal process aims to accurately extract citrus fruit from images for classification.
SADCNN-ORBM: a hybrid deep learning model based citrus disease detection and ...IJECEIAES
Citrus disease has a significant influence on agricultural productivity these days, so technology based on artificial intelligence has been developed for creating computer vision (CV) models. By spotting disease in its early stages and enabling necessary productivity actions, CV in agriculture improves the production of agricultural goods. In this paper, we developed a CV-based citrus disease detection model called the self-attention dilated convolutional neural network−optimized restricted Boltzmann machine (SADCNNORBM) model, which consists of two crucial parts: a SADCNN for disease segmentation and an ORBM optimized by the self-adaptive coati optimization (SACO) algorithm to improve the classification performance of diseases, which successfully divides the disease type into three groups: anthracnose, melanose, and brown spot. Numerous feature sets, such as texture features, three-channel red, green, blue (RGB) features, local binary pattern (LBP) features, and speeded-up robust features (SURF) features, are combined and given as input into the classification layer in the proposed model. We compare our proposed model's performance with existing methods by using several evaluation metrics. The findings demonstrate the SADCNN-ORBM model's superiority in precisely recognizing and classifying citrus illnesses, outperforming all available techniques.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
AN IMAGE PROCESSING APPROACHES ON FRUIT DEFECT DETECTION USING OPENCVIRJET Journal
This document discusses an image processing approach for detecting defects in fruits using OpenCV. It begins with an introduction to the importance of fruit production in India and the need for automation in the agriculture industry. It then discusses how previous manual quality inspection methods are inefficient. The proposed system uses computer vision and image processing techniques like OpenCV to analyze fruit images and detect defects by examining characteristics like color, texture and size. It describes the image preprocessing, thresholding, noise removal and edge detection steps. The system is able to successfully identify normal and defective fruits in images to classify quality. This provides an improved quality inspection method that is objective, consistent and can be applied to various agricultural products.
IRJET- AI Based Fault Detection on Leaf and Disease Prediction using K-means ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using k-means clustering and image processing techniques to detect faults and diseases on leaves. It aims to identify problem areas on leaves, calculate the ratio of faulty to normal areas, and predict the disease type. The document provides background on the importance of increasing food production despite challenges from crop diseases. It also reviews related work using image segmentation, feature extraction, and algorithms like k-means clustering, neural networks and support vector machines to analyze leaf images for disease detection. The proposed method uses k-means clustering on MATLAB to identify problem areas on leaves and calculate fault ratios to determine if leaves can be cured.
IRJET- Leaf Disease Detecting using CNN TechniqueIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed system for detecting leaf diseases using convolutional neural network (CNN) techniques. The system uses image acquisition, pre-processing including cropping, resizing and filtering, segmentation using k-means clustering, feature extraction of color, texture and shape features, and classification using CNN. The system is tested on images of mango, pomegranate, guava and sapota leaves to automatically identify diseases and recommend appropriate control methods, providing an improvement over manual identification methods.
Plant Diseases Prediction Using Image ProcessingIRJET Journal
This document discusses a system for predicting plant diseases using image processing. Specifically, it focuses on predicting diseases that affect tomato plant leaves. The system uses convolutional neural network techniques to analyze images of tomato leaves and predict whether they have diseases like Late blight, bacterial, or viral infections. It discusses implementing various steps like pre-processing images, feature extraction, and using a CNN classifier to classify images as having a specific disease or being healthy. The goal is to help farmers quickly and accurately identify plant diseases from leaf images to improve crop management and reduce economic losses.
IRJET-Android Based Plant Disease Identification System using Feature Extract...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes an Android-based plant disease identification system using image processing techniques. The system uses feature extraction and pattern matching to analyze images of infected plant leaves and identify the disease. It segments images using k-means clustering and extracts features like color, morphology, texture and lesions. These features are matched against a trained database of infected images using SURF pattern matching to diagnose the disease. The system is intended to help farmers and experts identify diseases early at a lower cost than other methods. It aims to achieve accurate identification of diseases for grapes, apples and pomegranates through this automated mobile-based approach.
Machine learning applications to non-destructive defect detection in horticul...DASHARATHMABRUKAR
Machine learning methods have become useful tools for the non-destructive detection of defects in horticultural products when used in conjunction with sensing devices. This review examines the recent advances in using machine learning with various sensing techniques to detect defects in fruits and vegetables. Specifically, it discusses the role machine learning has played in addressing issues like achieving fast, early, and quantitative defect assessments. However, limitations still exist and future opportunities are needed to further improve machine learning's ability to help solve technical challenges in non-destructive defect detection for horticultural products.
Plant Leaf Disease Detection and Classification Using Image ProcessingIRJET Journal
The document summarizes a research paper on detecting and classifying plant leaf diseases using image processing techniques. It begins by discussing the importance of identifying plant diseases early. It then provides an overview of traditional identification methods and their limitations. Next, it describes how image processing can be used to extract features from leaf images and classify diseases using machine learning algorithms. The paper evaluates several studies that have achieved accuracy ranging from 80-99.8% using different approaches. It also discusses challenges like variable image quality and limited datasets, and potential solutions. Finally, it presents results showing accuracy of 95-99% for different techniques depending on the dataset and diseases studied.
IRJET- Food(Fruit) Quality Recognition by External Appearance and Interna...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a smart fruit grading system using computer vision and sensors to classify fruits by external appearance and internal flavor factors. The system uses a camera to capture images of fruits on a rotating desk and analyzes the images using MATLAB to detect external defects and measure features. Gas sensors are also used to estimate internal quality factors. An artificial neural network model is suggested to classify fruits based on these external and internal criteria. The goal is to develop an automated system that can grade fruits more efficiently and cost-effectively than manual labor.
IRJET - Paddy Crop Disease Detection using Deep Learning Technique by using D...IRJET Journal
This document describes a study that uses deep learning and digital image processing techniques to detect diseases in paddy crops. The proposed system takes digital images of affected leaf parts as input and outputs the name of the detected disease and recommended pesticides. It first preprocesses and enhances the images before using edge detection, segmentation, and classification algorithms to analyze leaf parameters and identify diseases. The goal is to enable accurate, automated disease detection to help farmers protect crops and minimize pesticide usage.
This document describes a proposed method for detecting the quality of vegetables using artificial neural networks (ANN) and image processing techniques. The key steps are:
1) Capturing images of vegetable samples and extracting features like color, shape, and size.
2) Training an ANN model on the extracted features to classify vegetable quality.
3) Testing the ability of the trained ANN to detect vegetable quality by inputting new sample images and extracted features.
The goal is to use ANN to more accurately classify vegetable quality based on color, shape, and size features, as compared to traditional human inspection methods. The proposed system aims to overcome issues with manual techniques by automating the quality detection process.
Optimized deep learning-based dual segmentation framework for diagnosing heal...IAESIJAI
The high disease prevalence in apple farms results in decreased yield and income. This research addresses these issues by integrating internet of things (IoT) applications and deep neural networks to automate disease detection. Existing methods often suffer from high false positives and lack global image similarity. This study proposes a conceptual framework using IoT visual sensors to mitigate apple diseases' severity and presents an intelligent disease detection system. The system employs the augmented Otsu technique for region-aware segmentation and a colour-conversion algorithm for generating feature maps. These maps are input into U-net models, optimized using a genetic algorithm, which results in the generation of suitable masks for all input leaf images. The obtained masks are then used as feature maps to train the convolution neural network (CNN) model for detecting and classifying leaf diseases. Experimental outcomes and comparative assessments demonstrate the proposed scheme's practical utility, yielding high accuracy and low false-positive results in multiclass disease detection tasks.
This document describes a research project on crop disease detection using image processing and machine learning. The authors aim to develop a system that can recognize plant diseases from images of leaves by analyzing color, texture, and shape. The system would classify diseases using algorithms like convolutional neural networks (CNN), artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVM), and fuzzy logic. This automatic disease detection could help farmers identify issues early and apply the proper treatments to prevent crop destruction and financial losses. The methodology captures leaf images and uses machine learning models trained on symptom features to diagnose common diseases like early rot and bacterial spots. The goal is to provide farmers with a fast and accurate disease identification tool.
IRJET- Detection of Leaf Diseases and Classifying them using Multiclass SVMIRJET Journal
This document presents a method for detecting and classifying leaf diseases using image processing techniques. The proposed method involves image acquisition, preprocessing using median filtering, segmentation using k-means clustering, feature extraction of texture features using GLCM, and classification using multiclass SVM. Median filtering is used for noise removal before segmentation. K-means clustering segments the leaf from the image. GLCM extracts statistical texture features from the segmented leaf images. These features are then classified using multiclass SVM to identify the disease, achieving an accuracy of 97%. The method provides a fast and accurate way to detect leaf diseases using digital image processing and machine learning techniques.
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Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Sudheer Mechineni, Head of Application Frameworks, Standard Chartered Bank
Discover how Standard Chartered Bank harnessed the power of Neo4j to transform complex data access challenges into a dynamic, scalable graph database solution. This keynote will cover their journey from initial adoption to deploying a fully automated, enterprise-grade causal cluster, highlighting key strategies for modelling organisational changes and ensuring robust disaster recovery. Learn how these innovations have not only enhanced Standard Chartered Bank’s data infrastructure but also positioned them as pioneers in the banking sector’s adoption of graph technology.
Enchancing adoption of Open Source Libraries. A case study on Albumentations.AIVladimir Iglovikov, Ph.D.
Presented by Vladimir Iglovikov:
- https://www.linkedin.com/in/iglovikov/
- https://x.com/viglovikov
- https://www.instagram.com/ternaus/
This presentation delves into the journey of Albumentations.ai, a highly successful open-source library for data augmentation.
Created out of a necessity for superior performance in Kaggle competitions, Albumentations has grown to become a widely used tool among data scientists and machine learning practitioners.
This case study covers various aspects, including:
People: The contributors and community that have supported Albumentations.
Metrics: The success indicators such as downloads, daily active users, GitHub stars, and financial contributions.
Challenges: The hurdles in monetizing open-source projects and measuring user engagement.
Development Practices: Best practices for creating, maintaining, and scaling open-source libraries, including code hygiene, CI/CD, and fast iteration.
Community Building: Strategies for making adoption easy, iterating quickly, and fostering a vibrant, engaged community.
Marketing: Both online and offline marketing tactics, focusing on real, impactful interactions and collaborations.
Mental Health: Maintaining balance and not feeling pressured by user demands.
Key insights include the importance of automation, making the adoption process seamless, and leveraging offline interactions for marketing. The presentation also emphasizes the need for continuous small improvements and building a friendly, inclusive community that contributes to the project's growth.
Vladimir Iglovikov brings his extensive experience as a Kaggle Grandmaster, ex-Staff ML Engineer at Lyft, sharing valuable lessons and practical advice for anyone looking to enhance the adoption of their open-source projects.
Explore more about Albumentations and join the community at:
GitHub: https://github.com/albumentations-team/albumentations
Website: https://albumentations.ai/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/100504475
Twitter: https://x.com/albumentations
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
2. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
quality determination methods, for example, malformations, rust fungi, formation of cork, splits,
bitter pit, insect damage, rots, scalds, temperature damage, and glassiness or other physiological
diseases of the storage phase. In addition, there are various risks for injuries during harvest and
transport [1]. With the increasing quality awareness among consumers, the expectation for improved
quality in agricultural and food products has increased the need for enhanced quality monitoring.
There is a need to develop various image analysis techniques to meet the demand of the growing
population. Moreover there is growing demand for automation in food industries due to the fact that
the traditional labor intensive manual inspection processes are inefficient, inaccurate and ineffective.
The application of computer vision in agriculture has increased considerably in recent years due to
the fact that it provides substantial amounts of information about the nature and attributes of the
objects present in a scene.
12
The use of this technology has spread rapidly in inspecting agri-food commodities, including
meat quality assessment, automated poultry carcass inspection, quality evaluation of fish,
visualization of sugar distribution of melons, measuring ripening of tomatoes, defect detection of
pickling cucumber, and classification of wheat kernels [2]. The computer vision is particularly used
more in automatic inspection of fruits and vegetables, since it is more reliable and objective than
human inspection [3].
Quality assessment of fruits and vegetables is done based on the analysis of external features
like color, size, shape, texture and presence of damage. As consumers are mostly influenced to
choose or reject a particular fruit by its color, it is the most important attribute for assessing the
quality of fruits. The most widely used color spaces in computers and digital images are RGB, HSI
and L*a*b*. In RGB the color of a pixel in image is expressed as three coordinates of primary colors
red, green and blue in a color space. HIS is the color space which is closer to the human perception
of color, like the hue, saturation and intensity. However, RGB and HSI are non-uniform color spaces
and hence uniform color space like L*a*b* is used to implement the proposed algorithms.
The defect segmentation of fruits based on surface color feature can be considered as an
instance of image segmentation where we are segmenting only the defective portion of the fruit.
Image segmentation is the process of partitioning the image into several constituent components. It
partitions the digital image into disjoint (non-overlapping) regions. Segmentation is an essential step
in computer vision and automatic pattern recognition processes based on image analysis of foods as
subsequent extracted data are highly dependent on the accuracy of this operation. Food image
segmentation is still an unsolved problem because of its complex and under constrained attributes
[4].
Image segmentation methods are generally based on one of two fundamental properties of the
intensity values of image pixels: similarity, where the image is partitioned into regions that are
similar according to a set of predefined criteria, and discontinuity, where the image is partitioned
based on sharp changes in intensity values. Based on the discontinuity or similarity criteria, many
segmentation methods have been introduced which can be broadly classified into six categories: (1)
Histogram based method, (2) Edge Detection, (3) Neural Network based segmentation methods, (4)
Physical Model based approach, (5) Region based methods (Region splitting, Region growing and
merging), (6) Clustering (Fuzzy C-means clustering and K-Means clustering) [5]. The unsupervised
clustering algorithms are particularly appropriate for the exploration of interrelationship among the
data points to make an assessment of the structure where there is little a priori information available
about the data [6].
2. RELATED WORKS
Physical appearances of food extremely vary causing difficulties for computer vision
systems. Fruits, in particular, have numerous kinds of defects and highly varying skin color. Hence,
3. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
they pose even more problems for computer vision-based quality inspection systems. Paul Martinsen
and Peter Schaare [7] have proposed a method for predicting chemical component distribution in
kiwifruit using imaging spectroscopy techniques. The author used partial least- squares method for
data modeling. J Blasco et al. [8] proposed the segmentation procedure, based on a Bayesian
discriminant analysis, to allow fruits to be precisely distinguished from the background. The machine
vision system thus developed detected the external defects of the apples with 86% accuracy. The
feasibility of NIR spectroscopy in combination with powerful multivariate calibration techniques,
such as Partial Least Squares regression (PLS), to measure quality attributes of fruit and vegetables
has been demonstrated by B.M. Nicolai et al. [9]. J. Tan [10] suggested filtering, background
removal, segmentation of fat from muscles, isolation of the LD muscle and segmentation of marbling
from the LD muscle to assess the quality attributes of meat images. K.Vijayarekha [11] discusses the
multivariate image analysis technique applied to the defect segmentation of apple fruit in
multispectral range.
13
An intensive study on apple quality inspection is carried out by Unay [12]. The apple images
were captured through color/monochrome camera in diffusely illuminated tunnel with two different
light sources (fluorescent tubes and incandescent spots). To improve the image quality a noise
removal operation was performed before applying the image segmentation operation to detect the
defect type. The image intensity and texture based shape features were extracted from each
segmented portion of the image. The performance of several classification methods (Linear
Discriminant Classifier (LDC), k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), Fuzzy k-NN, Support Vector Machine
(SVM), Decision Tree and Multi-layer Perceptrons (MLP) were studied for defect segmentation and
detection. They identified bruise, flesh damage, frost damage, hail, hail with perforation, limb rub,
scar tissue, rots, russet and scald defects.
Gabriel Leiva et al. [13] devised methodology to classify blueberries with fungal decay,
shrivelling and mechanical damage using statistical pattern recognition techniques: extracting the
most possible features, selecting the best ones, training the best classification algorithm. The feature
extraction strategies used were Sequential Forward Selection (SFS), with objective functions: Fisher
discriminant, K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN), Linear and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (LDA and
QDA); and other feature extractors without objective function used were: Forward orthogonal search
algorithm by maximizing the overall dependency, Least Squares Ellipse Fitting (LSEF) and Rank
key features by class separability criteria. With the selected features, decision lines, planes or hyper
planes classifiers were implemented using LDA, QDA, minimal distance, Mahalanobis Distance
(MD), KNN (with 4 to 30 nearest neighbours), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and different Neural
Networks techniques (NN).
Apart from fruit quality assessment researchers are trying to investigate fruit characteristics
that can be used for fruit grading process. V. Leemans et al. [14] have achieved fruit grading is six
steps: image acquisition; ground colour classification; defect segmentation; calyx and stem
recognition; defects characterization and finally the fruit classification into quality classes. They
realized color grading using a simple neural network with no hidden layer, using the three
luminances (red, green and blue) of the considered pixel as input. The calyx and stem ends, which
appear on an image as defects, were detected using a correlation pattern recognition technique and
defect segmentation was done using Gaussian model of the fruit color, measuring the Mahalanobis
distance separating the mean color of the fruit and of each pixel.
Yousef Al Ohali [15] has designed computer mediated date fruit quality assessment and
sorting system. He has used the color intensity distribution in the image as an estimate of flabbiness
of date fruit. Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) is used to classify the dates into three
groups, Grade-1: fruits having good shape, high flabbiness, Grade 2: fruits with distorted shape, low
flabbiness and Grade 3: fruits having defects.
4. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
i x −μ (2)
μ : (3)
= = (5)
14
3. CLUSTERING ALGORITHMS
In this section, the basic sets of definitions are presented to provide the preliminaries of the
clustering methods. First we define the K-means clustering method. The second part discusses about
Fuzzy C- means (FCM) clustering.
3.1 K-Means Clustering Algorithms
K-means method is an unsupervised clustering method that classifies the input data objects
into multiple classes on the basis of their inherent distance from each other [5]. Clustering algorithm
assumes that a vector space is formed from the data features and tries to identify natural clustering in
them. The objects are clustered around the centroids i = 1 i μ
…..k which are computed by
minimizing the following objective
−μ
= Î
V = 2
j (x )
1 x S
j i
i
k
i
(1)
Where k is the number of clusters i.e. Si, i = 1, 2…., k and i μ is the mean point or centroid of all the
points j i x ÎS .
The algorithm of an iterative version K-means clustering is as follows:
Step 1. Compute the distribution of the intensity values.
Step 2. Using k random intensities initialize the centroids.
Step 3. Cluster the image points based on the distance of their intensity values from the centroid
intensity values.
(i ) c := arg minj
2
( )
j
Step 4. Compute new centroid for each cluster.
1{ }
=
=
c j x
=
=
= m
i
i
m
i
i
i
i
c j
1
( )
1
( )
( )
1{ }
where k is the number of clusters, i iterates over all the intensity values, j iterates over all the
centroids.
Step 5. Repeat Step 3 and Step 4 until the labels of the cluster do not change any more.
3.2 Fuzzy C-Means Clustering Algorithms
Fuzzy C-means (FCM) is a clustering technique which differs from hard K-means that
employs hard partitioning [16]. The FCM employs fuzzy partitioning such that a data point can
belong to all groups with different membership grades between 0 and 1. FCM is an iterative
algorithm. The aim of FCM is to find cluster centers (centroids) that minimize a dissimilarity
function. To accommodate the introduction of fuzzy partitioning, the membership matrix (U) is
randomly initialized according to,
= =
=
u j n
c
i
ij 1, 1,....,
1
(4)
The dissimilarity function used in FCM is given by,
2
c
c i J U c c c J u d
1 2 ( , , ,...., ) ij
1 i
1 1
n
j
m
ij
c
i
= = =
Uij is between 0 and 1;
Cij is the centroid of cluster i;
5. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
dij is the Euclidean distance between ith centroid(ci) and jth data point;
mÎ [1,] is a weighting exponent or fuzziness parameter
1 (6)
S S U U u u (8)
15
To reach a minimum of dissimilarity function there are two conditions which are given in
Equation (6) and Equation (7).
u x
=
= = n
j
m
ij
j
n m
j ij
i
u
c
1
=
−
=
c
k
m
ij
kj
ij
d
d
u
1
2 /( 1)
1
(7)
Precisely speaking, initially the uij and the centers of the clusters are assigned randomly and
the uij is updated in each iteration. The iterative process stops when
( ) ( 1) ( ) ( 1) p e max − − − = − s
ij
S
ij
The FCM that iteratively updates the cluster centers and the membership grades for each data
point is as follows:
Step 1. Randomly initialize the membership matrix (U) that has constraints as given in Equation (4)
Step 2. Calculate centroids (ci) by using Equation (6).
Step 3. Compute dissimilarity between centroids and data points using equation (5). Stop if its
improvement over previous iteration is below a threshold.
Step 4. Compute a new U using Equation (7). If condition given in Equation (8) is False, go to
Step 2.
FCM iteratively moves the cluster centers to the right location within a data set.
4. DEFECT SEGMENTATION
In this section, the implementation of K-means and Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithms for
defect segmentation in apple fruits is presented.
4.1 Using K-Means Clustering
Step 1. Read the input image of defective fruit.
Step 2. In order to remove the image noise and reduce detail levels the Gaussian low-pass filter
(GLPF) smoothing operator is applied.
Step 3. Transform the image from RGB to L*a*b* color space as all of the color information is
present in the a* and b* layers only.
Step 4. Calculate the histograms of the image to decide the number of clusters.
Step 5. Classify colors using K-means clustering in a*b* space, with Euclidean distance to measure
the distance between two colors.
6. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on
Step 6. Label each pixel in the image from the results of K
labeled with its cluster index.
Step 7. Generate different images for each cluster.
4.2 Using Fuzzy C-Means
ICCTEM -2014
Step 1. Read the input image of defective fruit.
Step 2. In order to remove the image noise and reduce detail levels the Gaussian low
(GLPF) smoothing operator is applied.
Step 3. Calculate the histograms of the image to decide the number of clusters.
Step 4. Classify pixel intensities using FCM algorithm (initial value of
number of clusters as determined in Step 3.
Step 5. Generate image by allocating different intensity levels for each subclass of the image.
5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
To determine the performance of the clustering approaches, we have considered apples as a
case study. The data set consists of various images of apples with defects such as apple scab, rot and
blotch for the purpose of defect segmentation. Fig. 1
apples from the data set.
(a)
Fig. 1:
Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show defect segmentation result
means clustering.
(a) (b)
Fig. 2: K-Means
(a) Filtered Image (b) First Cluster
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16
K-means. Every pixel of the image will be
ead m = 2 and
represents some of the images of defective
(b) (c)
Sample Images from the Dataset
results of sample apple fruits using K
(c) (d)
eans Defect Segmentation of an Apple with Scab
(c) Second Cluster (d) Third Cluster (e) Histogram
low-pass filter
e = 0.01) with
K-
(e)
7. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on
(a) (b)
Fig. 3: K-Means D
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0 50
Defect Segmentation of an Apple with Blotch
(a) Filtered Image (b) First Cluster
(a) (b)
Fig. 4: K-Means Defect Segmentation
100 150 200 250
egmentation of a Rotten Apple (a) Filtered Image (b) First Cluster
(c) Second C
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(c) (d)
(c) Second Cluster (d) Third Cluster (e) Histogram
(c) (d)
Cluster (d) Third cluster (e) Histogram
We have segmented the input image into three clusters depending on the data provided by the
histogram shown in Fig. 2(e), Fig. 3(e) and Fig. 4(e). Fig. 2(a), Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 4(a) show the
preprocessed image filtered by Gaussian low
different clusters second cluster correctly segments the defective portion of the image whereas the
first cluster demonstrates the non-defective defect
part of the fruit.
Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 illustrate the resultant images ob
(a)
low-pass filter smoothing operator. Among the images in
Fig. 5: Fuzzy C-Means Defect Segmentation
(a)
Fig. 6: Fuzzy C-Means Defect Segmentation
(a) Filtered Image (b) FCM Processed Image
17
obtained from FCM.
(b)
of an Apple with Scab (a) Filtered Image (b) FCM
Processed Image
(b)
of an Apple with Blotch
ICCTEM -2014
(e)
(e)
8. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Current Trends in Engineering and Management ICCTEM -2014
17 – 19, July 2014, Mysore, Karnataka, India
18
(a) (b)
Fig. 7: Fuzzy C-Means Defect Segmentation of a Rotten Apple
(a) Filtered Image (b) FCM Processed Image
The filtered images are shown in Fig. 5(a), Fig. 6(a) and Fig. 7(a). The FCM segmented
images with three clusters are shown in Fig. 5(b), Fig. 6(b) and Fig. 7(b). The amount of defect in a
given sample using K-Means and FCM clustering is tabulated in Table 1. FCM, being unsupervised
fuzzy clustering algorithm, is motivated by the need to find interesting patterns or groupings in a
given set of data. The cluster allocation in FCM is based on the high membership value and less on
distance.
Table 1: Amount of Defect in Selected Fruit Samples
SI.
No.
Data
Sample
K-Means FCM
1 Figure 1(a) 60% 52%
2 Figure 1(b) 44% 40%
3 Figure 1(c) 10% 9%
6. CONCLUSION
The automated inspection of agricultural products, fruits in particular, is an important process
as it reduces human interaction with the inspected goods, classify generally faster than humans and
tend to be more consistent in classification. The segmentation of defects in fruits is proposed and
evaluated in this paper. The proposed approach used K-Means clustering and Fuzzy C-Means
clustering to segment defects in apple images. Experimental results suggest that the algorithms are
able to segment the defects more accurately. The major drawback of K-Means is that, there may be a
skewed clustering result if the cluster number estimate is incorrect. It is overcome to certain extent in
the proposed method by determining the number of clusters using the histogram of the image. The
image is also pre-processed to remove noise.
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