This document describes a study that uses genetic algorithms to optimize material and construction variables for performance-related pavement specifications. The goal is to select optimum values for variables like asphalt layer thickness, base layer thickness, and material properties to maximize pavement performance over its life cycle. A computer program was developed to implement the genetic algorithm approach. It evaluates potential solutions (chromosomes) representing different combinations of variables. The fittest solutions with the highest estimated performance are used to generate new potential solutions over multiple iterations (generations). This allows the program to converge on optimal variable values that meet performance targets without losses. A case study application of the process is presented to demonstrate how it works.
Using MEPDG to Develop Rational Pay Factor for Hot Mix Asphalt ConstructionIOSR Journals
Most highway agencies are using subjective measures to rate the quality of construction projects. The main purposes of rating the contractor performance are for qualification, bidding, or payment schedules. The pay factor (PF) can be defined as a multiplication factor that is often used to determine the contractor pay for the unit of work. The objective of this paper is to propose a rational methodology for defining PF based on basic understanding of the effect of different hot mix asphalt parameters on pavement life. Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) software is used to find the effect of different variables on pavement life. Three main factors considered in pay factor equation for their effect on pavement life:air voids, asphalt content, and percent passing sieve # 200 (P200). The pavement lifebased on the fatigue and rutting failure criteriaare used in the PF model to reflect actual contractor performance.The developed PF model was implemented on a case study.
Optimum Cost Analysis For Selecting Best Suited Flexible Pavement Road Type F...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the optimal construction costs for different flexible pavement road types based on subgrade CBR and traffic volume, as specified in IRC 37-2012. It determines the least expensive road type for a location with a CBR of 3% and traffic volume of 21.5 msa. Standard compaction and CBR tests are conducted on soil samples to determine moisture content, dry density, and a CBR value of 3%. Pavement thicknesses are calculated based on the CBR and traffic volume. Construction costs are estimated based on material costs from schedule rates and compacted volume calculations. The analysis finds that cemented base and cemented sub-base with SAMI layer is the cheapest option for the given conditions
IRJET- Optimum Design of Fan, Queen and Pratt TrussesIRJET Journal
The document discusses the optimum design of various truss configurations including fan, queen, and Pratt trusses. The author formulates the design of these trusses as an optimization problem to minimize weight. The problem considers stress, buckling, and deflection constraints with cross-sectional area as the design variable. A sequential linear programming technique is used to solve the optimization problem. Parametric studies are performed to understand the effect of truss geometry including span, purlin spacing, truss spacing, and height on selecting the best design. The results of optimizing double fan, triple fan, modified queen, double Pratt, and triple Pratt trusses are presented and discussed.
IRJET- Design and Development of Traffic Flow Prediction System for Efficient...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and development of a traffic flow prediction system for Amravati City, India to improve traffic movements. It begins by noting the increasing traffic problems in Amravati due to rising vehicle numbers. The city currently uses pre-timed traffic signal controls that are inefficient. The paper proposes an intelligent transportation system using traffic signal optimization and coordination to predict traffic flows. It reviews literature on traffic simulation software and signal timing optimization methods. It then describes the methodology for developing the prediction system, which involves data collection, network modeling, simulation calibration, and using VISSIM and Synchro software to simulate and optimize traffic flows. The goal is to reduce delays, queues and travel times at intersections in Amravati.
CFD Simulation for Flow over Passenger Car Using Tail Plates for Aerodynamic ...IOSR Journals
This work proposes an effective numerical model based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics
(CFD) approach to obtain the flow structure around a passenger car with Tail Plates. The experimental work of
the test vehicle and grid system is constructed by ANSYS-14.0. FLUENT which is the CFD solver & employed in
the present work. In this study, numerical iterations are completed, then after aerodynamic data and detailed
complicated flow structure are visualized.
In the present work, model of generic passenger car has been developed in solid works-10 and
generated the wind tunnel and applied the boundary conditions in ANSYS workbench 14.0 platform then after
testing and simulation has been performed for the evaluation of drag coefficient for passenger car. In another
case, the aerodynamics of the most suitable design of tail plate is introduced and analysedfor the evaluation of
drag coefficient for passenger car. The addition of tail plates results in a reduction of the drag-coefficient
3.87% and lift coefficient 16.62% in head-on wind. Rounding the edges partially reduces drag in head-on wind
but does not bring about the significant improvements in the aerodynamic efficiency of the passenger car with
tail plates, it can be obtained. Hence, the drag force can be reduced by using add on devices on vehicle and fuel
economy, stability of a passenger car can be improved.
Estimation of Base Drag On Supersonic Cruise MissileIRJET Journal
This document discusses methods for estimating base drag on supersonic cruise missiles. It compares Brazzel's method, a classical model, to a modified model. CFD analysis is conducted using a 2D axisymmetric missile model in GAMBIT and FLUENT to numerically predict base drag. Results from the classical and modified methods are compared, showing good agreement with average 5.3% error. The study concludes that base drag decreases with increasing altitude and Mach number, improving missile performance at higher exit Machs and altitudes where ambient pressure is lower.
IRJET- Development of EDC Software for Economic Analysis of PavementsIRJET Journal
An EDC (Economic Design and Costing) software was developed to analyze and compare the life cycle costs of flexible and rigid pavement options. The software allows users to input various design parameters and generates pavement designs and cost estimates. Equations were developed relating pavement cost to soil strength and traffic levels. Analysis showed flexible pavements are more economical for lower traffic volumes, while rigid pavements are cheaper for higher traffic and weaker soils. A threshold line on a graph delineates conditions where each pavement type has equal cost and is the optimal choice. The software provides a tool to efficiently evaluate pavement economics for given roadway conditions.
Optimization of machining parameters on milling of GFRP composites by GREY Me...IRJET Journal
1. The document presents an optimization study of milling parameters for glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites using Taguchi methods and Grey relational analysis.
2. An L25 orthogonal array was used to design 25 milling experiments varying four parameters (cutting tool, spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut) at five levels each. The responses of machining force and surface roughness were analyzed.
3. Grey relational analysis was used to determine the optimal machining parameters that minimize the multiple responses of machining force and surface roughness. The analysis identified cutting tool and spindle speed as the most significant parameters affecting the quality characteristics during GFRP milling.
Using MEPDG to Develop Rational Pay Factor for Hot Mix Asphalt ConstructionIOSR Journals
Most highway agencies are using subjective measures to rate the quality of construction projects. The main purposes of rating the contractor performance are for qualification, bidding, or payment schedules. The pay factor (PF) can be defined as a multiplication factor that is often used to determine the contractor pay for the unit of work. The objective of this paper is to propose a rational methodology for defining PF based on basic understanding of the effect of different hot mix asphalt parameters on pavement life. Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) software is used to find the effect of different variables on pavement life. Three main factors considered in pay factor equation for their effect on pavement life:air voids, asphalt content, and percent passing sieve # 200 (P200). The pavement lifebased on the fatigue and rutting failure criteriaare used in the PF model to reflect actual contractor performance.The developed PF model was implemented on a case study.
Optimum Cost Analysis For Selecting Best Suited Flexible Pavement Road Type F...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the optimal construction costs for different flexible pavement road types based on subgrade CBR and traffic volume, as specified in IRC 37-2012. It determines the least expensive road type for a location with a CBR of 3% and traffic volume of 21.5 msa. Standard compaction and CBR tests are conducted on soil samples to determine moisture content, dry density, and a CBR value of 3%. Pavement thicknesses are calculated based on the CBR and traffic volume. Construction costs are estimated based on material costs from schedule rates and compacted volume calculations. The analysis finds that cemented base and cemented sub-base with SAMI layer is the cheapest option for the given conditions
IRJET- Optimum Design of Fan, Queen and Pratt TrussesIRJET Journal
The document discusses the optimum design of various truss configurations including fan, queen, and Pratt trusses. The author formulates the design of these trusses as an optimization problem to minimize weight. The problem considers stress, buckling, and deflection constraints with cross-sectional area as the design variable. A sequential linear programming technique is used to solve the optimization problem. Parametric studies are performed to understand the effect of truss geometry including span, purlin spacing, truss spacing, and height on selecting the best design. The results of optimizing double fan, triple fan, modified queen, double Pratt, and triple Pratt trusses are presented and discussed.
IRJET- Design and Development of Traffic Flow Prediction System for Efficient...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and development of a traffic flow prediction system for Amravati City, India to improve traffic movements. It begins by noting the increasing traffic problems in Amravati due to rising vehicle numbers. The city currently uses pre-timed traffic signal controls that are inefficient. The paper proposes an intelligent transportation system using traffic signal optimization and coordination to predict traffic flows. It reviews literature on traffic simulation software and signal timing optimization methods. It then describes the methodology for developing the prediction system, which involves data collection, network modeling, simulation calibration, and using VISSIM and Synchro software to simulate and optimize traffic flows. The goal is to reduce delays, queues and travel times at intersections in Amravati.
CFD Simulation for Flow over Passenger Car Using Tail Plates for Aerodynamic ...IOSR Journals
This work proposes an effective numerical model based on the Computational Fluid Dynamics
(CFD) approach to obtain the flow structure around a passenger car with Tail Plates. The experimental work of
the test vehicle and grid system is constructed by ANSYS-14.0. FLUENT which is the CFD solver & employed in
the present work. In this study, numerical iterations are completed, then after aerodynamic data and detailed
complicated flow structure are visualized.
In the present work, model of generic passenger car has been developed in solid works-10 and
generated the wind tunnel and applied the boundary conditions in ANSYS workbench 14.0 platform then after
testing and simulation has been performed for the evaluation of drag coefficient for passenger car. In another
case, the aerodynamics of the most suitable design of tail plate is introduced and analysedfor the evaluation of
drag coefficient for passenger car. The addition of tail plates results in a reduction of the drag-coefficient
3.87% and lift coefficient 16.62% in head-on wind. Rounding the edges partially reduces drag in head-on wind
but does not bring about the significant improvements in the aerodynamic efficiency of the passenger car with
tail plates, it can be obtained. Hence, the drag force can be reduced by using add on devices on vehicle and fuel
economy, stability of a passenger car can be improved.
Estimation of Base Drag On Supersonic Cruise MissileIRJET Journal
This document discusses methods for estimating base drag on supersonic cruise missiles. It compares Brazzel's method, a classical model, to a modified model. CFD analysis is conducted using a 2D axisymmetric missile model in GAMBIT and FLUENT to numerically predict base drag. Results from the classical and modified methods are compared, showing good agreement with average 5.3% error. The study concludes that base drag decreases with increasing altitude and Mach number, improving missile performance at higher exit Machs and altitudes where ambient pressure is lower.
IRJET- Development of EDC Software for Economic Analysis of PavementsIRJET Journal
An EDC (Economic Design and Costing) software was developed to analyze and compare the life cycle costs of flexible and rigid pavement options. The software allows users to input various design parameters and generates pavement designs and cost estimates. Equations were developed relating pavement cost to soil strength and traffic levels. Analysis showed flexible pavements are more economical for lower traffic volumes, while rigid pavements are cheaper for higher traffic and weaker soils. A threshold line on a graph delineates conditions where each pavement type has equal cost and is the optimal choice. The software provides a tool to efficiently evaluate pavement economics for given roadway conditions.
Optimization of machining parameters on milling of GFRP composites by GREY Me...IRJET Journal
1. The document presents an optimization study of milling parameters for glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites using Taguchi methods and Grey relational analysis.
2. An L25 orthogonal array was used to design 25 milling experiments varying four parameters (cutting tool, spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut) at five levels each. The responses of machining force and surface roughness were analyzed.
3. Grey relational analysis was used to determine the optimal machining parameters that minimize the multiple responses of machining force and surface roughness. The analysis identified cutting tool and spindle speed as the most significant parameters affecting the quality characteristics during GFRP milling.
Determination And Collation Of Pavement Condition Index Based On Indian Road ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that determined and compared the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) of selected roads in Jalgaon City, India using two different methods from the Indian Road Congress (IRC) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The researchers inspected 10 urban road sections with a total length of 18 km. They recorded various types of pavement distresses and calculated the PCI for each section using the IRC and ASTM methods. Both methods produced similar PCI results. The study aims to evaluate pavement performance and develop a PCI prediction model based on distress types and intensities to help identify maintenance and rehabilitation needs of roads in Jalgaon City.
ACT: Securing Vanet Against Malicious Vehicles Using Advanced Clustering Tech...IRJET Journal
The document proposes an ACT approach for creating advanced clusters in VANET networks and detecting malicious vehicles. The ACT approach uses clustering to organize vehicles into groups led by cluster heads. The cluster heads help route data and detect malicious vehicles that may disrupt the network. The proposed approach is tested using simulation and performs better than AODV routing in terms of latency, throughput, and packet delivery ratio. It provides improved security and stability for VANET networks.
IRJET - To Study Impact of Road Roughness on Free Flow Speed of VehicleIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the impact of road roughness on vehicle speed. It begins by introducing the topic of road roughness and how it is typically measured. It then reviews past literature on how road roughness affects factors like ride comfort, pavement deterioration, safety, and maintenance costs. The study aims to determine how road roughness specifically impacts free flow vehicle speed. It outlines the methodology of using a leveling staff and auto level to measure road roughness profiles. The study area selected is a road in Nashik, India. Results found that increasing roughness decreases vehicle speed, fuel economy, passenger comfort, and increases vehicle damage. In conclusion, road roughness is shown to negatively impact transportation conditions and development.
IRJET- Analysis and Prediction of Delay at Signalized Junctions in BangaloreIRJET Journal
This document discusses analyzing and predicting delays at signalized intersections in Bangalore, India using various methods. It conducted traffic surveys at intersections to calculate delays using the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) method. It then used those results to build a linear regression model to predict delays using only 4 key parameters instead of the 18 required by HCM. It found the predicted delays from the regression model were similar to those from HCM. It also proposes designing a fuzzy logic signal control system to dynamically adjust green times based on real-time traffic conditions like queue length and waiting time to further reduce delays. The goal is to improve traffic flow and level of service at intersections using machine learning techniques.
Invited presentation to 2003 RAeS Aerodynamics research conferencestephen_mcparlin
The document summarizes an assessment process used to evaluate air vehicle concepts from initial design through analysis and testing. The process involves conceptual design using multidisciplinary variable optimization (MVO) followed by detailed configuration design using CAD tools. Performance is then analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and wind tunnel testing. Underlying technologies like CAD integration, response surface methods, and CFD methods have improved the accuracy and speed of the assessment process.
This paper describes a generic process for conceptual design and assessment of air vehicles that uses modern computational tools. The process involves conceptual design using multi-variate optimization to meet requirements, followed by detailed 3D design and analysis using computational fluid dynamics and wind tunnel testing to validate performance. Underlying technologies like parametric CAD, design of experiments, and response surface modeling have improved the speed, accuracy, and flexibility of the assessment process.
This document discusses the development of a probabilistic network-level pavement management system using Markov processes. Pavements are grouped into families with similar characteristics. Markov transition probability matrices are developed for each family to model the uncertain deterioration of pavements over time. The Markov models are integrated with dynamic programming and prioritization programs to determine optimal maintenance and rehabilitation recommendations under budget constraints and provide the highest network performance. The developed system is applied to an airport pavement network as an example.
City specific Cost Minimization for EV charging centersIRJET Journal
The document presents a cost minimization study for establishing electric vehicle (EV) charging stations in the cities of Mumbai and Delhi, India. It implements an optimization algorithm called the 'capacity facilitated location problem' to identify locations for charging stations that minimize overall costs. The study considers factors like installation, land acquisition, transportation, and maintenance costs. The results find that the break-even point for charging stations in Delhi is achieved in 420 days, while Mumbai is projected to reach the break-even point in 503 days. This suggests establishing stations may be more financially viable first in Delhi compared to Mumbai. The findings provide insights into addressing growing EV demand in an economically efficient manner.
IRJET- Topology Optimization of a Lower Barrel in Nose Landing GearIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research conducted to optimize the design of the lower barrel component of a nose landing gear through topology optimization. The research was conducted in three stages: 1) CAD modeling and pre-optimization analysis of the initial lower barrel design, 2) Topology optimization of the lower barrel to maximize stiffness while reducing mass, and 3) Post-optimization analysis of the optimized lower barrel design. Through iterative topology optimization runs retaining 90%, 75%, and 60% of the original material, the mass of the lower barrel was successfully reduced from 14.507kg to as low as 12.579kg while maintaining equivalent stress levels comparable to the initial design. The final optimized model weighed 10.378kg with only 1.88% and 3
Optimization of Process Parameters Using Taguchi for Friction Stir Welding of...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research optimizing process parameters for friction stir welding of brass using Grey relation and Taguchi methods. The researchers conducted experiments using different combinations of tool rotation speed, tool travel speed, and number of passes based on Taguchi's orthogonal array. Hardness tests were used to analyze joint strength. Response surface methodology, Grey relation analysis, and regression analysis were used to develop a mathematical model and determine optimal parameter combinations that maximize hardness, elongation, and strength. The optimal settings were verified through confirmation experiments, demonstrating improved grey relational grade.
Study of Estimation of Road Roughness Condition and Ghat Complexity Analysis ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on estimating road roughness condition and ghat (mountain pass) complexity using sensors in smartphones. The proposed system utilizes GPS and sensors like accelerometers and magnetometers in Android phones to analyze road bumps and the number of turns in ghats. Data collected from phone sensors is sent to a server for analysis. The server evaluates road conditions and makes information available to users via an app. This allows users to view road conditions and choose alternative routes if needed. Algorithms for detecting road bumps and calculating distance between locations are described. The system aims to provide low-cost continuous monitoring of road infrastructure using smartphones.
IRJET- A Critical Review of the Role of Acoustic Emission Algorithms in t...IRJET Journal
This document provides a critical review of the role of acoustic emission algorithms in analyzing delamination of adhesive joints. It discusses several algorithms that have been used effectively in acoustic emission applications for delamination analysis, including k-means clustering, unsupervised pattern recognition, Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM), and others. The k-means and Kohonen SOM algorithms are particularly useful for signal clustering and identifying damage mechanisms through unsupervised pattern recognition. The review concludes that the selection of acoustic emission algorithms is important for clarifying signal analysis and removing complications to better understand delamination sequences in adhesive joints.
IRJET- CFD-A Trend in Automobile Aerodynamics TechnologyIRJET Journal
1. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a computational science used to simulate fluid flows by using computers. CFD involves modeling physical problems mathematically, discretizing the equations, and using numerical methods and grid generation to solve the equations.
2. CFD provides three main benefits - insight into designs that can't be prototyped, foresight into how designs will perform through simulation of 'what if' scenarios, and efficiency through shorter design cycles.
3. A case study describes using CFD to optimize the aerodynamic design of an Opel Astra vehicle. The process involves creating a CAD model, generating surface and volume meshes, running CFD simulations, and visualizing and analyzing results to
This document discusses how finite element analysis can be used to optimize composite structures and reduce costs. It provides examples of how FEA was used at various stages of design, including concept design to reduce weight, detailed design to evaluate performance under different loads, laminate optimization to lower material usage, failure analysis to investigate problems, and design verification for quality assurance. One example describes how FEA optimized a helicopter axle by varying fiber orientations between bands, reducing weight from 32kg to 6kg while maintaining safety.
This document summarizes research on integrating traffic and emission models to simulate the impacts of traffic on emissions. It describes:
1) Developing an approach to combine traffic simulation and emission models in a distributed way.
2) Proposing a method to calibrate microscopic emission models using aggregate emission measures.
3) Applying the integrated models to evaluate how different traffic demands and signal controls impact emissions.
IRJET- Management of Traffic at Road Intersection using Software ModellingIRJET Journal
The document discusses various traffic simulation software that can be used for managing traffic at signalized intersections. It provides an overview of software tools like Aimsun, SIDRA, SUMO, and CORSIM that allow modeling traffic networks, signal timings, and evaluating performance measures. The document emphasizes that simulation software provide an understanding of traffic flow and interactions at intersections and are useful for testing design changes, signal optimization, and assessing different scenarios for improving traffic management.
Simple telematics devices known as OBD “dongles” are being used for a wide range of applications, including driver insurance programs, boundary and speed alerts for young drivers, and powertrain diagnostics. SGS has explored the potential for another application, using OBD dongle data to predict fuel consumption and tailpipe exhaust emissions. In this study, SGS accurately measured instantaneous fuel consumption and emissions in the laboratory and on the road using PEMS technology. We then employed an advanced analytical technique known as “machine learning” to discover the relationship between engine sensor data and exhaust emissions. The machine learning approach showed promise to predict fuel consumption and emissions more accurately, and could be used to augment government Remote OBD and emissions inventory modeling programs.
This document discusses calibration of saturation flow rates for hybrid traffic simulation using Aimsun. It finds that default Aimsun parameters do not produce typical saturation flow rates or comparability between micro and meso simulations. Reaction times and turn speeds impact micro simulation saturation flow, while reaction times, jam density, and turn speeds impact meso simulation saturation flow. The document recommends calibration parameter values for micro and meso as a starting point and notes other factors like lane changing that require consideration.
Effect of Residual Modes on Dynamically Condensed Spacecraft StructureIRJET Journal
This document discusses the effect of residual modes on the fundamental frequencies of a condensed spacecraft structure. It presents the modeling and dynamic analysis of a spacecraft bus structure using finite element analysis. The structure is condensed using the Craig-Bampton method to reduce the degrees of freedom. Residual modes are then computed and included to recover data lost during condensation. The results show that including residual modes provides frequencies for the condensed structure that closely match those of the original full structure model, demonstrating the effectiveness of using residual modes for data recovery after structural condensation.
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
More Related Content
Similar to Using genetic algorithms to optimize material and construction variables for Performance-Related specifications
Determination And Collation Of Pavement Condition Index Based On Indian Road ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that determined and compared the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) of selected roads in Jalgaon City, India using two different methods from the Indian Road Congress (IRC) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). The researchers inspected 10 urban road sections with a total length of 18 km. They recorded various types of pavement distresses and calculated the PCI for each section using the IRC and ASTM methods. Both methods produced similar PCI results. The study aims to evaluate pavement performance and develop a PCI prediction model based on distress types and intensities to help identify maintenance and rehabilitation needs of roads in Jalgaon City.
ACT: Securing Vanet Against Malicious Vehicles Using Advanced Clustering Tech...IRJET Journal
The document proposes an ACT approach for creating advanced clusters in VANET networks and detecting malicious vehicles. The ACT approach uses clustering to organize vehicles into groups led by cluster heads. The cluster heads help route data and detect malicious vehicles that may disrupt the network. The proposed approach is tested using simulation and performs better than AODV routing in terms of latency, throughput, and packet delivery ratio. It provides improved security and stability for VANET networks.
IRJET - To Study Impact of Road Roughness on Free Flow Speed of VehicleIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the impact of road roughness on vehicle speed. It begins by introducing the topic of road roughness and how it is typically measured. It then reviews past literature on how road roughness affects factors like ride comfort, pavement deterioration, safety, and maintenance costs. The study aims to determine how road roughness specifically impacts free flow vehicle speed. It outlines the methodology of using a leveling staff and auto level to measure road roughness profiles. The study area selected is a road in Nashik, India. Results found that increasing roughness decreases vehicle speed, fuel economy, passenger comfort, and increases vehicle damage. In conclusion, road roughness is shown to negatively impact transportation conditions and development.
IRJET- Analysis and Prediction of Delay at Signalized Junctions in BangaloreIRJET Journal
This document discusses analyzing and predicting delays at signalized intersections in Bangalore, India using various methods. It conducted traffic surveys at intersections to calculate delays using the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) method. It then used those results to build a linear regression model to predict delays using only 4 key parameters instead of the 18 required by HCM. It found the predicted delays from the regression model were similar to those from HCM. It also proposes designing a fuzzy logic signal control system to dynamically adjust green times based on real-time traffic conditions like queue length and waiting time to further reduce delays. The goal is to improve traffic flow and level of service at intersections using machine learning techniques.
Invited presentation to 2003 RAeS Aerodynamics research conferencestephen_mcparlin
The document summarizes an assessment process used to evaluate air vehicle concepts from initial design through analysis and testing. The process involves conceptual design using multidisciplinary variable optimization (MVO) followed by detailed configuration design using CAD tools. Performance is then analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and wind tunnel testing. Underlying technologies like CAD integration, response surface methods, and CFD methods have improved the accuracy and speed of the assessment process.
This paper describes a generic process for conceptual design and assessment of air vehicles that uses modern computational tools. The process involves conceptual design using multi-variate optimization to meet requirements, followed by detailed 3D design and analysis using computational fluid dynamics and wind tunnel testing to validate performance. Underlying technologies like parametric CAD, design of experiments, and response surface modeling have improved the speed, accuracy, and flexibility of the assessment process.
This document discusses the development of a probabilistic network-level pavement management system using Markov processes. Pavements are grouped into families with similar characteristics. Markov transition probability matrices are developed for each family to model the uncertain deterioration of pavements over time. The Markov models are integrated with dynamic programming and prioritization programs to determine optimal maintenance and rehabilitation recommendations under budget constraints and provide the highest network performance. The developed system is applied to an airport pavement network as an example.
City specific Cost Minimization for EV charging centersIRJET Journal
The document presents a cost minimization study for establishing electric vehicle (EV) charging stations in the cities of Mumbai and Delhi, India. It implements an optimization algorithm called the 'capacity facilitated location problem' to identify locations for charging stations that minimize overall costs. The study considers factors like installation, land acquisition, transportation, and maintenance costs. The results find that the break-even point for charging stations in Delhi is achieved in 420 days, while Mumbai is projected to reach the break-even point in 503 days. This suggests establishing stations may be more financially viable first in Delhi compared to Mumbai. The findings provide insights into addressing growing EV demand in an economically efficient manner.
IRJET- Topology Optimization of a Lower Barrel in Nose Landing GearIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research conducted to optimize the design of the lower barrel component of a nose landing gear through topology optimization. The research was conducted in three stages: 1) CAD modeling and pre-optimization analysis of the initial lower barrel design, 2) Topology optimization of the lower barrel to maximize stiffness while reducing mass, and 3) Post-optimization analysis of the optimized lower barrel design. Through iterative topology optimization runs retaining 90%, 75%, and 60% of the original material, the mass of the lower barrel was successfully reduced from 14.507kg to as low as 12.579kg while maintaining equivalent stress levels comparable to the initial design. The final optimized model weighed 10.378kg with only 1.88% and 3
Optimization of Process Parameters Using Taguchi for Friction Stir Welding of...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research optimizing process parameters for friction stir welding of brass using Grey relation and Taguchi methods. The researchers conducted experiments using different combinations of tool rotation speed, tool travel speed, and number of passes based on Taguchi's orthogonal array. Hardness tests were used to analyze joint strength. Response surface methodology, Grey relation analysis, and regression analysis were used to develop a mathematical model and determine optimal parameter combinations that maximize hardness, elongation, and strength. The optimal settings were verified through confirmation experiments, demonstrating improved grey relational grade.
Study of Estimation of Road Roughness Condition and Ghat Complexity Analysis ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on estimating road roughness condition and ghat (mountain pass) complexity using sensors in smartphones. The proposed system utilizes GPS and sensors like accelerometers and magnetometers in Android phones to analyze road bumps and the number of turns in ghats. Data collected from phone sensors is sent to a server for analysis. The server evaluates road conditions and makes information available to users via an app. This allows users to view road conditions and choose alternative routes if needed. Algorithms for detecting road bumps and calculating distance between locations are described. The system aims to provide low-cost continuous monitoring of road infrastructure using smartphones.
IRJET- A Critical Review of the Role of Acoustic Emission Algorithms in t...IRJET Journal
This document provides a critical review of the role of acoustic emission algorithms in analyzing delamination of adhesive joints. It discusses several algorithms that have been used effectively in acoustic emission applications for delamination analysis, including k-means clustering, unsupervised pattern recognition, Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM), and others. The k-means and Kohonen SOM algorithms are particularly useful for signal clustering and identifying damage mechanisms through unsupervised pattern recognition. The review concludes that the selection of acoustic emission algorithms is important for clarifying signal analysis and removing complications to better understand delamination sequences in adhesive joints.
IRJET- CFD-A Trend in Automobile Aerodynamics TechnologyIRJET Journal
1. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a computational science used to simulate fluid flows by using computers. CFD involves modeling physical problems mathematically, discretizing the equations, and using numerical methods and grid generation to solve the equations.
2. CFD provides three main benefits - insight into designs that can't be prototyped, foresight into how designs will perform through simulation of 'what if' scenarios, and efficiency through shorter design cycles.
3. A case study describes using CFD to optimize the aerodynamic design of an Opel Astra vehicle. The process involves creating a CAD model, generating surface and volume meshes, running CFD simulations, and visualizing and analyzing results to
This document discusses how finite element analysis can be used to optimize composite structures and reduce costs. It provides examples of how FEA was used at various stages of design, including concept design to reduce weight, detailed design to evaluate performance under different loads, laminate optimization to lower material usage, failure analysis to investigate problems, and design verification for quality assurance. One example describes how FEA optimized a helicopter axle by varying fiber orientations between bands, reducing weight from 32kg to 6kg while maintaining safety.
This document summarizes research on integrating traffic and emission models to simulate the impacts of traffic on emissions. It describes:
1) Developing an approach to combine traffic simulation and emission models in a distributed way.
2) Proposing a method to calibrate microscopic emission models using aggregate emission measures.
3) Applying the integrated models to evaluate how different traffic demands and signal controls impact emissions.
IRJET- Management of Traffic at Road Intersection using Software ModellingIRJET Journal
The document discusses various traffic simulation software that can be used for managing traffic at signalized intersections. It provides an overview of software tools like Aimsun, SIDRA, SUMO, and CORSIM that allow modeling traffic networks, signal timings, and evaluating performance measures. The document emphasizes that simulation software provide an understanding of traffic flow and interactions at intersections and are useful for testing design changes, signal optimization, and assessing different scenarios for improving traffic management.
Simple telematics devices known as OBD “dongles” are being used for a wide range of applications, including driver insurance programs, boundary and speed alerts for young drivers, and powertrain diagnostics. SGS has explored the potential for another application, using OBD dongle data to predict fuel consumption and tailpipe exhaust emissions. In this study, SGS accurately measured instantaneous fuel consumption and emissions in the laboratory and on the road using PEMS technology. We then employed an advanced analytical technique known as “machine learning” to discover the relationship between engine sensor data and exhaust emissions. The machine learning approach showed promise to predict fuel consumption and emissions more accurately, and could be used to augment government Remote OBD and emissions inventory modeling programs.
This document discusses calibration of saturation flow rates for hybrid traffic simulation using Aimsun. It finds that default Aimsun parameters do not produce typical saturation flow rates or comparability between micro and meso simulations. Reaction times and turn speeds impact micro simulation saturation flow, while reaction times, jam density, and turn speeds impact meso simulation saturation flow. The document recommends calibration parameter values for micro and meso as a starting point and notes other factors like lane changing that require consideration.
Effect of Residual Modes on Dynamically Condensed Spacecraft StructureIRJET Journal
This document discusses the effect of residual modes on the fundamental frequencies of a condensed spacecraft structure. It presents the modeling and dynamic analysis of a spacecraft bus structure using finite element analysis. The structure is condensed using the Craig-Bampton method to reduce the degrees of freedom. Residual modes are then computed and included to recover data lost during condensation. The results show that including residual modes provides frequencies for the condensed structure that closely match those of the original full structure model, demonstrating the effectiveness of using residual modes for data recovery after structural condensation.
Similar to Using genetic algorithms to optimize material and construction variables for Performance-Related specifications (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.