Nuclear energy has both positive and negative applications, primarily derived from the fission of atomic nuclei. It is used in medical treatments, such as radiotherapy for cancer and isotope scanning, as well as in agriculture to enhance crop production and soil quality. Nuclear power also generates electricity, and while nuclear weapons have been utilized in warfare, their destructive potential is significantly higher compared to conventional explosives.

1. USES OF NUCLEAR ENERGY

2. Introduction Generally it is believed that nuclear energy is used for destructive purposes only. But, in fact it has more positive uses than its negative uses. Basically atom is the source of nuclear energy. This energy is released by splitting of a nuclei in to two.

3. Fission The spontaneous or induced splitting of an atomic nucleus into smaller nuclei, usually accompanied by a significant release of energy.

4. Nuclear Radiations Alpha Particles Positively Charged particle & Heavy as compared to other particles Beta Particles Negatively charged particle & more penetrating as compared to Alpha Gamma Radiations No Charge, highly penetrating radiations

5. Radioactive Isotopes Elements can be made radioactive by bombarding them with neutrons. The atoms of the elements so bombarded capture these neutrons, thus form a different nuclei called radio isotope. These radioisotopes have unstable nuclei, and dissipate excess energy in the form of gamma and other rays.

6. Medical Uses In isotope scanning, a radioisotope is introduced into the body, usually by means of intravenous injection. The isotope is then taken up in different amounts by different organs. Its distribution can be determined by recording the radiation it emits, and through charting its concentration it is often possible to recognize the presence, size, and shape of various abnormalities in body organs. The human body organs effected by cancer are treated with nuclear radiations called Radiotherapy. Effected cells are killed by this process.

7. Use in Agriculture Technical advancement in nuclear technology has helped in the production of crops seed having more crop production and safe from insects and other illness. Nuclear radiations helps to preserve fruit and vegetable for a longer time. This also helps in analyzing soil type and gives information to enhance its quality.

8. Production of Electric Power Production of Nuclear power is similar to other plants with the difference that nuclear energy is used for the production of steam that rotates the turbine blades with its exhaust.

9. Atomic Bomb The bomb producing shock waves and heat and radiations due to fission. The energy produced is malisons time greater the conventional TNT weapon. The atomic bomb has been used only twice in warfare. The first was at Hiroshima in1945. In an instant, 66,000 people were killed and 69,000 injured by a 10-kiloton atomic explosion.

10. On August 9, 1945, Nagasaki fell to the same treatment with a Plutonium bomb. Its targeted only a mile and a half, but it still leveled nearly half of the city. In few seconds, Nagasaki's population dropped from 422,000 to 383,000. Over 25,000 people were injured.

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