User connectivity - Mature Packet Switching Protocols
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X.25 defines link-level protocols that allow asynchronous terminals to connect to packet switching networks via low-speed connections. It provides both asynchronous and synchronous user connectivity options. Specifically, ITU-T Recommendations X.3, X.28 and X.29 define the interface protocols for asynchronous terminal connections, while X.22 defines synchronous dial-up connectivity for DTE services.
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This document discusses routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It begins with an introduction to MANETs and their characteristics. It then discusses different types of MANET routing protocols, including proactive protocols like Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector (DSDV) and reactive protocols like Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV). The document proposes an improvement to the DSDV protocol to address its problems with stale routing information. It describes simulating the improved DSDV protocol and standard DSDV in NS2 and analyzing their packet delivery ratios and end-to-end delays as node speed and network size are varied. The improved DSDV protocol is shown to overcome DSDV's problems
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The document discusses managing Cisco IOS images and configuring WAN connections. It covers topics such as copying flash images using TFTP, resolving hostnames, password recovery, and configuring encapsulation protocols like HDLC and PPP. Specific configuration examples are provided for setting the CHAP authentication protocol on serial interfaces between two routers.
Ccna day5
The document discusses managing Cisco IOS images and configuring WAN connections. It covers topics such as copying flash images using TFTP, resolving hostnames, password recovery, and configuring encapsulation protocols like HDLC and PPP. Specific configuration examples are provided for setting the CHAP authentication protocol on serial interfaces between two routers.
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The document discusses managing Cisco IOS images and configuring WAN connections. It covers topics such as copying flash images using TFTP, resolving hostnames, password recovery, and configuring encapsulation protocols like HDLC and PPP. Specific configuration examples are provided for setting the CHAP authentication protocol on serial interfaces between two routers.
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The document discusses managing Cisco IOS images and configuring WAN connections. It covers topics such as copying flash images using TFTP, resolving hostnames, password recovery, and configuring encapsulation protocols like HDLC and PPP. Examples are provided for configuring CHAP authentication between two routers connected over a serial link.
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Supply chain management involves the management of the flow of goods and services from raw materials to final products being delivered to customers. It provides advantages like efficiency, reduced costs and inventory, just-in-time delivery, and increased revenue. The components of an e-supply chain management system include planning, information, sourcing, inventory, production, location, transportation, and return of goods. The architecture of an e-supply chain involves internal operations, inter-organizational operations through shared visions and process modeling, and inter-organizational technologies like integration and networking. Trends in supply chain management include warehouse robotics, autonomous transportation, blurred lines with technology services, and an emphasis on social responsibility.
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Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO) involves outsourcing knowledge-based activities like research, analytics and business processes to countries like India. KPO is a subset of Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) that also includes other types of outsourcing like Creative, Legal, Recruitment, Human Resources, IT, and Medical outsourcing. A study by NASSCOM projects growth in KPO opportunities in areas like IT, web services, legal and finance processes through both traditional outsourcing and cloud computing models.
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User connectivity - Mature Packet Switching Protocols
- 1. User Connectivity By: Pradnya Saval Asst. Professor, TCET Mumbai
- 2. User Connectivity • ITU-T Recommendations X.3, X.28 and X.29 are defined as link-level protocols that provide DTE with asynchronous terminal interfaces to X.25 networks. • Communicate only via low-speed asynchronous mode. • X.25 also provides synchronous user connectivity. • There are three examples of asynchronous and BSC DTE terminal connectivity options.
- 3. Interface Protocols of X.25 packet switching network
- 4. Interface Protocols of X.25 packet switching network (Cont..) • Recommendation X.121: Defines the international numbering plan for packet switching networks. • Recommendation X.28: Defines the operational control of these functions between the character mode terminal DTE device and the DCE packet assembler/disassembler. • Recommendation X.29: Defines the same controls, but for the host computer destination. • Recommendation X.3: Defines a PAD concentrator function for start-mode or character- mode DTE devices. • Recommendation X.22: Defines X.25 synchronous dial-up mode for DTE services.