An ERP system is an enterprise-wide software that coordinates resources, activities, and information needed to complete business processes. It has modules for human resources, supply chain management, customer relationship management, finance, and manufacturing. ERP architecture is organized into three layers - the data tier focuses on data structure, the business tier includes business logic and user interaction, and the presentation tier is the user interface. ERP systems can use two-tier, three-tier client/server, web-based, or oriented architectures. The logical architecture separates components while the physical focuses on efficiency. ERP features include separation of code and data and modules for business functions, sales, production, materials, finance, and personnel.

1. ERP/E-SCM/E-CRM

2. Introduction
⚫Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an enterprise
wide information system designed to coordinate all
the resources, information and activities needed to
complete business processes such as order
fulfillment or billing.
⚫An ERP system is based on a common database and
a modular software design.

3. An Ideal ERP System
⚫An ERP software can have functionalities like:
⚪ Human Resource:
⯍ Training, payroll, time and attendance, etc.
⚪ Supply Chain Management (SCM):
⯍ Inventory, supplier scheduling, claim processing, order entry, etc.
⚪ Customer Relation Management (CRM):
⯍ Storing information on current and prospective customers.
⚪ Finance:
⯍ Accounts payable, accounts receivable, cash management, etc.
⚪ Manufacturing:
⯍ Quality control, bills of materials, manufacturing process, etc.

4. ERP Architecture – Layered Architecture
⚫ ERP system architecture is organized in layers or tiers
to manage system complexity in order to provide
scalability and flexibility.
⚫ ERP architecture has 3 layers:
⚪ Data Tier (Data Management):
⯍ Focuses on structure of all organizational data both internal and
external.
⚪ Business Tier (Business logic or functional modules):
⯍ Consists of a web browser and reporting tool where business process
and end user can interact with the system.
⚪ Presentation Tier (End User Interface – GUI):
⯍ A web based portal which allows users the ability to access and
analyze through their web browser.

5. Types of ERP Architecture
⚫Two-tier Implementation
⚫Three-tier Client/Server Implementation
⚫Web based Architecture
⚫Oriented Architecture

6. Two-tier Implementation
⚫Server: Handles both application and database
duties.
⚫Client: Presenting the data and passing user input
back to the server.
⚫Benefits: Easy to use and access, low cost, high
performance.

7. Three-tier Client/Server Implementation
⚫Database and application functions are separated
into independent operating units.
⚫Client establishes communication with the
application server.
⚫Application server creates a second connection to the
database server.

8. Web based Architecture
⚫The presentation tier is split into Web services tier
and web browser tier.

9. Oriented Architecture
⚫Breaks the business tier smaller, distinct units of
services, collectively supporting ERP functional
module.
⚫Allows message interaction between any service
consumer and service provider.

10. Logical Architecture of an ERP system

11. Physical focuses on the efficiency of the system

12. System Configuration

13. ERP Generic Modules
⚫ Business:
⚪ Business forecasting, planning and control
⚫ Sales:
⚪ Distribution, invoice
⚫ Production:
⚪ Production planning and control
⚫ Materials:
⚪ Management of raw materials
⚫ Finance:
⚪ Accounting and cash management
⚫ Personnel:
⚪ Information of the customers or employees

14. ERP Features
⚫ Separation of program code and data
⚫ Business System
⚫ Sales
⚫ Production
⚫ Materials
⚫ Finance
⚫ Personnel
⚫ Fixed Asset
⚫ Maintenance
⚫ Quality Control
⚫ Consolidation of Business Operations