Use of plastic (PET) bottles in sustainable development and construction

Use of plastic bottles in sustainable
development and construction
1

Introduction
• Today we are using the natural resources in a haphazard way for satisfying our need and
greed. Due to this there has been an great impact on the environment. We are damaging
the nature with a great speed in this century than we have done in previous.
• We can’t reverse the damage that has been done but we need to control it and try to
reduce it. For this we must find a sustainable way and implement it.
• Non biodegradable waste is produced and consumed on a large scale, among this plastic
is one of the chief product which is one of the main constituent of pollution.
2

Choosing of this topic
• The use of plastic is increasing day by day. The consumption of plastic in India alone was
165 lakh tonnes in 2016. The consumption is expected to reach around 205 lakh tonnes
in 2020.
• The energy required for producing 1Kg of plastic is around 62-108 MJ (1MJ requires
0.538kg of coal) depending on the type of plastic which is very much higher as compared
to other materials. For e.g. Production of iron from iron ore requires 20-25 MJ of energy.
• The demand for our country for plastic is next to China and US.
• Plastic is one of the most disposed materials in the modern world.
• Plastics are increasingly becoming a menace to the environment due to the chemicals
used in the manufacture, improper use and disposal.
3

• Waste plastics are used for filling up landfills which pollutes the soil, clogging water
bodies and causing serious environmental consequences.
• Two alternative solutions against the plastic disposal are recycling and reusing process.
• Recycling needs additional energy to treat the materials for producing something
useable. The recycling needs around 35-64 MJ of energy. Moreover, the recycling process
produces wastewater and air pollutants.
• So the best solution is reusing for which no additional energy is required and does not
contribute to pollution.
• On the other hand, world human population is continuously increasing so more houses
are needed for construction. Now a days, it is difficult to make own house’s for poor
people by using costly construction material.
5

• Looking at the data on the consumption of PET bottles which are one of the most
commonly used in everyday life.
• The global consumption of plastic containers in 2014 was 50.1MMT and is estimated to
reach 67.9MMT by 2020.
• More than 100 million plastic bottles are used everyday worldwide, and about 1500
bottles end up as waste in landfills or are thrown in ocean every second and its rate is
increasing every second by its consumption.
• It has been proven that the use of plastic (PET) bottles as innovative materials for
construction can be a proper solution for replacement of conventional materials and
rather disposing or recycling.
6

Construction Procedure of Plastic House
7
1
• Collection
2
• Filling bottle
3
• Laying of foundation
4
• Construction of wall & column
5
• Position of beams & roof
6
• Floor leveling
7
• Wall finishes

• The plastic bottles are to be collected which have
proper shape & which are not damaged from any
side.
• The quantity which is required must be collected &
cleaned just by keeping in sunlight exposed area so if
there are any liquid matter present inside it gets
evaporated.
8
1
• Collection
2
• Filling bottle
3
4
5
6
• Floor leveling
7
• Wall finishes

• The bottles once dried should be filled with sand or
gravel & should be properly tampered so that
there are no voids left in between.
• The material used must be free from organic matter
and moisture content. Once fully filled the bottles
should tightly packed and capped.
• If gravels are used then sand should also be mixed
with it so that the small voids between the gravels
are filled with sand.
9
1
• Collection
2
• Filling bottle
3
4
5
6
• Floor leveling
7
• Wall finishes

• The excavation should be done till the required
depth & then the laying of foundation can be
carried out.
• The plastic bottles should be laid as the same
procedure that is regularly done for conventional
materials.
10
1
• Collection
2
• Filling bottle
3
4
5
6
• Floor leveling
7
• Wall finishes

• The bottles are laid over one another & joining
them with mortar in layer by layer form & taking
the height of the wall till the desired level.
• The frame for door and windows would be kept
and construction work will be done as required.
11
1
• Collection
2
• Filling bottle
3
4
5
6
• Floor leveling
7
• Wall finishes

• For construction of columns the bottles are kept
in alternate arrangement on alternate layer else
the frame of the structure is made up of
concrete.
12
1
• Collection
2
• Filling bottle
3
4
5
6
• Floor leveling
7
• Wall finishes

• The beams are positioned for holding the roofing
sheet as they are done in conventional
construction techniques.
13
1
• Collection
2
• Filling bottle
3
4
5
6
• Floor leveling
7
• Wall finishes

• After this the roofing sheets are placed over the
beams.
14
1
• Collection
2
• Filling bottle
3
4
5
6
• Floor leveling
7
• Wall finishes

• The levelling of the floor is done with the plastic
bottles and filling the extra space with brick
waste where bottles can’t be used and the
levelling is finished.
• After this the tiles are laid.
15
1
• Collection
2
• Filling bottle
3
4
5
6
• Floor leveling
7
• Wall finishes

• Once the construction of walls & flooring is
finished then plaster work start.
• Plastering of the house is done then after start
paint.
16
1
• Collection
2
• Filling bottle
3
4
5
6
• Floor leveling
7
• Wall finishes

Cost Comparison of Brick masonry wall and
Plastic masonry wall
Brick masonry wall (10m2) and
thickness 0.3m
Plastic masonry wall (10m2) and
thickness 0.3m
17

thickness 0.3m
thickness 0.3m
18

19
No Item Quantity Rate Cost (Rs)
1 Bottles 1964 Pcs 0.5 / Pc. 982
2 Cement 6.4 bags 300 / Bag 1920
3 Sand 0.672m3 250 /m3 168
4 Soil 2.36m3 100 /m3 236
Total 3306
No Item Quantity Rate Cost (Rs)
1 Bricks 1500 Pcs 5 / Pc. 7500
2 Cement 7.14 bags 300 / Bag 2142
3 Sand 0.75m3 250 /m3 187.5
Total 9829.5
thickness 0.3m
thickness 0.3m

Comparison of Plastic Bottle Wall and Brick Wall
20
Sr No. Factors Brick Wall Plastic Bottle Wall
1. Material and equipment costs More bulky materials are
required and also large in
quantity.
Less bulky materials are
required.
2. Time of work execution Requires more time. Requires less time.
3. Transportation Heavy materials so
displacement is costly.
Light materials so cost of
displacement is less
4. Manpower More manpower for
transporting material.
Less manpower for
transporting material.
5. Resistance to Earthquake High weight so more chance of
damage on falling derbies.
Less weight so less
damage on falling of
derbies.
6. Time and speed of Execution More time is required. Less time is required.
7. Cleanness and beauty of work High volume of construction
waste.
Very clean
execution, less
construction waste.

21
Sr No. Factors Brick Wall Plastic Bottle Wall
8. Cost More cost. Less cost.
9. Compressive Load 117.1kN 160kN
10. Weight Around 2.5kg 2/3rd of brick

22

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24

Structures made of Plastic Bottle House
25

• There is a hospital constructed of plastic bottles as bricks on the Bali Island of
Sunderbans region in West Bengal constructed in 7000 ft2 with 30 beds serving around
9500 people of the surrounding area. The hospital constructed is first of its kind in the
world.
• The hospital is constructed in such an area where there is no other connectivity to the
world the nearest centre for treatment is Gosaba which is 2 hours from boat .
• There was also a need of hospital as this area is open tigers, salt water crocodile and
deadly snakes and flooding due to rise in water level. Also the distance provides to be
fatal when anyone is attacked by any of this animals.
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27

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• The electricity is generated here with the help of solar panels and diesel operated
generators as there is absence of electricity connection on this island.
• The hospital includes 2 general wards with 10 beds each, a paediatric ward with 6 beds,
an ICU with 2 beds, emergency room and isolation room with each of them with one
bed.
• The hospital is constructed at an isolated place and mostly with locally available
materials and operated by renewable source of energy.
29

• There are structures made and under going construction with plastic bottle at many
locations in India and world
• In Delhi nursery and lavatories are made of PET bottles.
• In Redhill forest area near Chennai a nursery is being under construction which is double
storey and also a column structure is made to support the water tank.
• In Nepal under the rehabilitation project after the earthquake plastic bottle houses are
constructed.
• In Republic of Malawi a hospital is being constructed at remote location so patients in
the area can be treated with the help of locals and aim of providing them employment
and skills to build such structures.
30

31

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Conclusion
• Use of innovative materials with sustainable application such as plastic bottles can have
considerable benefits including finding the best reduction in energy consumption and
hence reducing environmental degradation.
• Re-using the plastic bottles as the building materials can have substantial effects on
saving the building energy by using them instead of bricks in walls and reducing the
emission in construction process.
• Plastic bottles can used as apart of green construction by saving energy and resources,
recycling materials, minimizing the emission, having significant operational savings and
increasing work place productivity.
• Moreover, there would be less thermal conduction in plastic masonry construction
compared to conventional masonry hence it would reduce the heat inside the building
and less external resources would be needed for cooling purpose.
36

Use of plastic (PET) bottles in sustainable development and construction

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