This document discusses the use of construction and demolition waste in building projects. It notes that demolition sites generate large amounts of solid waste that is often dumped, but that recycling building materials is possible. It then outlines what construction and demolition waste consists of, including concrete, brick, timber, sanitary ware, glass, steel and plastics. For each material, it describes how they can be recycled and reused in building applications to reduce costs and environmental impacts. The document concludes by emphasizing the benefits of recycling construction waste and provides initiatives to promote greater reuse.

1. USE OF CONSTRUCTION
AND
DEMOLITION WASTE
BY
BABITHA & YASHODHA
SIETK (puttur)
Email: k.yvbabita@gmail.com

2. Introduction:
Demolition sites & restoration schemes are large amounts of solid waste.
Recycling of concrete & other building materials is difficult &
uneconomical.
It is possible to reuse most of the building materials & components.
As the volume of demolition waste is huge allowing the waste to be
crushed, processed, & reused as aggregate in building works.
The recycling of construction materials like concrete, timber , glass, &
steel is primarily an attempt to reduce the cost of production of new
materials & construction & also reduce the consumption of natural
resources.

3. WHAT IS C & D WASTE?
Renovation Demolition New Construction
40% 50% 10%

4. WHAT DOES C & D WASTE
CONSISTS OF?
Concrete
Brick
Timber
Sanitary ware
Glass
Steel
plastics

5.  CONCRETE:
o Concrete is one of the most important construction material.
o Approximately one ton of concrete is used per capita per year through
out the world.
o Recycling of concrete reduces
• Cost of aggregates
• Disposal costs
• Environmental damage
• Consumption of natural resources &
• Valuable landfill space
o Recycled coarse aggregates may be more durable than virgin material.
o It can also be used in residential construction

6.  BRICK:
o Broken & discarded brick can be used as
construction infill or as aggregate for non-structural
concrete.
o Brick that are part of demolish rubble can be
crushed and used in the same way.
o Brick masonry rubble contains mortar upto
20% by volume.
o Crushed brick & roofing tiles are the bulk of
demolition waste which were earlier being dumped
in landfills, but now they can be recycled into mortar
plaster & building blocks.

7.  TIMBER:
o It is mostly crushed into chip & used as fuel.
o It can also be utilized to manufacture wood-chip
concrete by injecting cement grout into voids of
compacted wood-chips in moulds.
o Wood-chip concrete can be used as building
material.
o This chip can be sawn & nailed as well.
o In Japan alone about 12 million cubic meters
of used timber from demolished houses are used.

8.  SANITARY WARE:
o Sanitary ware includes tiles also.
o There can be reused as it is, if they are not
damaged.
o If sanitary ware are chipped (or) cracked(or)
otherwise damaged are advised to crush and
use them as construction infill (or) as filler in
concrete.
o Pozzolanic value of such crushed & powdered
sanitary ware, is a desirable property in
concrete mixes.

9.  GLASS:
o One ton of recycled waste glass corresponds
to savings in energy equivalent to 125lit of fuel
oil & 1.2tons of raw materials.
o Recycling of glass reduces non-biodegradable
glass out of landfills.
o Glass can be used as substitute for Quartz &
Feldspar in the manufacturing of high strength
procelain sanitary ware.
o It can also be used to make mineral wool- an insulation product & in
granular form as part of the aggregate in concrete mixes.
o In USA an experiment was conducted on metal free-glass constituents
separated from municipal incinerator residue. This glass was used to
produce brick, glass-wool thermal insulation & as a major component
of a light weight aggregate used in structural concrete.

10.  STEEL:
o Steel is most commonly used metal in the world.
o Steel reinforcement from demolished concrete
is usually separated from the rubble on site &
sold scrap to recycling plants.
o The world produces over 783 million tons of
raw steel. It currently recycles over 320 million
tons of iron & steel every year.
o Scrap metal can yield energy savings of upto 76% .
o In Europe steel is most recycled .

11.  PLASTIC:
o There is an over abundance of waste plastic.
o It is very difficult to dispose plastics.
o Waste plastics can be shredded & used as
filler in other materials such as concrete
& also in construction of roads
o House hold plastic waste can also be recycled
to obtain artificial light weight aggregates
for mortar.
o Plastics reduces the possibilities of cracking.

12. Conclusion:
 It has been established that materials & components from
demolished buildings are being reused for new construction works as
well as renovation projects, especially by low- income communities in
developing countries.
 In developing countries most of the demolition rubble is dumped, the
developed world has now started to recycle it into aggregate for non-
structural concrete.
 It is hoped that recycling waste materials for use in the building will
cut down costs of producing new raw materials thereby reducing
consumption of natural resources like energy & reduces usage of
landfills.

13. The iimportant iinitiatives sited are::
1. Promoting separation of C&D waste at source
2. Promoting recycling
3. Ban on llandffilling of C&D waste
4. Developing market for recycled products
5. Production of concrete bricks and paving blocks
6. Guidelines for using C&D waste
7. Developing designs which ffacilitate ‘deconstruction’’
iinstead of outright demolition

14. The Choice Is Yours…
To Landfill To Recycle

15.  REFERENCES:
o Abert, J.G., Resource Recovery Guide, New York: Van Nostrand
Reinhold Co., 1983.
o Akman, M.S., A. Güner, and I.H. Aksoy, "Historical and Technical
Specifications of the Khorasan
o Mortar" (Horasan Harci ve Betonunun Tarihi ve Teknik Özellikleri),
2nd International
o Congress on the History of Science and Technology in Turko-Islamic Era,
ITÜ, Istanbul, 1986.
o Hendriks, Ch.F., 'The Use of Concrete and Masonry Waste as Aggregates
for Concrete Production inthe Netherlands', Environmental Technology:
Proceedings of the 2nd. European Conference in

16. THANK U
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