MALDI-TOF MS has revolutionized clinical microbiology by drastically improving the time needed to identify bacterial cultures from over 24 hours to just a few minutes. Whereas the entire process from sampling to results previously took 2-3 days or more, new methods like MALDI-TOF MS and molecular technology have reduced this to just a few hours or one day. MALDI-TOF MS is a powerful, cost-effective, and easy to implement technique that provides rapid and reliable identification of bacteria and yeast from clinical samples at the genus and species level through analysis of their protein mass spectral signatures.
High-throughput proteomics: from understanding data to predicting themMaté Ongenaert
High-throughput proteomics: from understanding data to predicting themprof. dr. Lennart Martens
UGent - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, VIB - Group Leader Computational Omics and Systems Biology Group (CompOmics), Department of Medical Protein Research
In proteomics, as in any high-throughput omics field, the rate of data generation has increased dramatically, yielding very large datasets that require substantial processing to render them useful and interpretable. Key concepts here are data management, data-bound analysis algorithms, and user interface design. But we do not need to limit ourselves to only the interpretation of experimental results. By combining data from across many (unrelated) experiments, we can gain substantial knowledge about the strengths and limitations of our technological approaches. High-throughput methods however, rarely serve as the endpoint for research. As exquisite parallel hypothesis testers, these approaches can quickly highlight promising follow-up targets for more detailed study. Yet moving from discovery to targeted analysis requires much more in-depth understanding of sample and methodology, which is where the insights gained from large-scale data analysis come into play. Armed with this knowledge, we can begin to predict experimental outcomes based on specific hypotheses, thus effectively creating tests or assays that can be used in focused validation experiments
High-throughput proteomics: from understanding data to predicting themMaté Ongenaert
High-throughput proteomics: from understanding data to predicting themprof. dr. Lennart Martens
UGent - Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, VIB - Group Leader Computational Omics and Systems Biology Group (CompOmics), Department of Medical Protein Research
In proteomics, as in any high-throughput omics field, the rate of data generation has increased dramatically, yielding very large datasets that require substantial processing to render them useful and interpretable. Key concepts here are data management, data-bound analysis algorithms, and user interface design. But we do not need to limit ourselves to only the interpretation of experimental results. By combining data from across many (unrelated) experiments, we can gain substantial knowledge about the strengths and limitations of our technological approaches. High-throughput methods however, rarely serve as the endpoint for research. As exquisite parallel hypothesis testers, these approaches can quickly highlight promising follow-up targets for more detailed study. Yet moving from discovery to targeted analysis requires much more in-depth understanding of sample and methodology, which is where the insights gained from large-scale data analysis come into play. Armed with this knowledge, we can begin to predict experimental outcomes based on specific hypotheses, thus effectively creating tests or assays that can be used in focused validation experiments
Classification of In Vitro Genotoxicants Using a Multiplexed Assay (MultiFlow™)Covance
EEMGS 2019 -- Traditionally, early in vitro genotoxicity screening has been employed to identify and remove potential hazardous compounds from development to focus time and resources on the most promising candidates. The in vitro micronucleus assay is one of the assays routinely used to screen compounds for induction of chromosome damage as it is amenable to low compound usage and (semi-)automated analysis. Although highly sensitive (predictive for in vivo genotoxins and carcinogens), the micronucleus assay offers limited mechanistic information. In addition, induction of micronuclei can arise through non-genotoxic mechanisms (high levels of cytotoxicity, damage to non-DNA targets, for example), referred to as 'false' or 'misleading' positives. With the development of new tools for screening, we can start to identify genotoxic mode of action [direct (clastogenic) DNA damage versus indirect (aneugenic) DNA damage] and better identify true genotoxins from those compounds that induce 'false' positive results in traditional screening assays, earlier in compound development.
Overview of the commonly used sequencing platforms, bioinformatic search tool...OECD Environment
24 June 2019: This OECD seminar presented and discussed the potential use of genome sequence, bioinformatic tools and databases in a regulatory decision process for microbial pesticides.
High-throughput sequencing data of microorganisms opens new perspectives for ...OECD Environment
24 June 2019: This OECD seminar presented and discussed the potential use of genome sequence, bioinformatic tools and databases in a regulatory decision process for microbial pesticides.
US Perspective on use of bioinformatics in microbial pesticide regulation - O...OECD Environment
24 June 2019: This OECD seminar presented and discussed the potential use of genome sequence, bioinformatic tools and databases in a regulatory decision process for microbial pesticides.
Crimson Publishers -A Sensor Multiplatform for Non Invasive Diagnosis of Pros...CrimsonPublishers-SBB
Crimson Publishers -A Sensor Multiplatform for Non Invasive Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer By A D'Amico in Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences
This work underlines the utility of a multiplatform based on the use of both artificial lactation and taste systems that show the ability to perform both gas and bio liquid chemical imaging. Preliminary results related to the investigation of prostate cancer suggest that high performance levels with diagnostic and screening purposes can be reached with non invasive experimental procedures.
Classification of In Vitro Genotoxicants Using a Multiplexed Assay (MultiFlow™)Covance
EEMGS 2019 -- Traditionally, early in vitro genotoxicity screening has been employed to identify and remove potential hazardous compounds from development to focus time and resources on the most promising candidates. The in vitro micronucleus assay is one of the assays routinely used to screen compounds for induction of chromosome damage as it is amenable to low compound usage and (semi-)automated analysis. Although highly sensitive (predictive for in vivo genotoxins and carcinogens), the micronucleus assay offers limited mechanistic information. In addition, induction of micronuclei can arise through non-genotoxic mechanisms (high levels of cytotoxicity, damage to non-DNA targets, for example), referred to as 'false' or 'misleading' positives. With the development of new tools for screening, we can start to identify genotoxic mode of action [direct (clastogenic) DNA damage versus indirect (aneugenic) DNA damage] and better identify true genotoxins from those compounds that induce 'false' positive results in traditional screening assays, earlier in compound development.
Overview of the commonly used sequencing platforms, bioinformatic search tool...OECD Environment
24 June 2019: This OECD seminar presented and discussed the potential use of genome sequence, bioinformatic tools and databases in a regulatory decision process for microbial pesticides.
High-throughput sequencing data of microorganisms opens new perspectives for ...OECD Environment
24 June 2019: This OECD seminar presented and discussed the potential use of genome sequence, bioinformatic tools and databases in a regulatory decision process for microbial pesticides.
US Perspective on use of bioinformatics in microbial pesticide regulation - O...OECD Environment
24 June 2019: This OECD seminar presented and discussed the potential use of genome sequence, bioinformatic tools and databases in a regulatory decision process for microbial pesticides.
Crimson Publishers -A Sensor Multiplatform for Non Invasive Diagnosis of Pros...CrimsonPublishers-SBB
Crimson Publishers -A Sensor Multiplatform for Non Invasive Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer By A D'Amico in Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences
This work underlines the utility of a multiplatform based on the use of both artificial lactation and taste systems that show the ability to perform both gas and bio liquid chemical imaging. Preliminary results related to the investigation of prostate cancer suggest that high performance levels with diagnostic and screening purposes can be reached with non invasive experimental procedures.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS)
MIC (Minimum Inhibitory concentration): Antimicrobial Susceptibility testing using microdilution method
Diagnostic accuracy of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for the direct identification of clinical pathogens from urine
Journal Club (Systematic Review & Meta Analysis)
Clinical Microbiology Fellowship
Automatic Detection and Classification of Malarial ParasiteCSCJournals
Recent advancement in genomic technologies has opened a new realm for early detection of diseases that shows potential to overcome the drawbacks of manual detection technologies. Computer based malarial parasite analysis and classification has opened a new area for the early malaria detection that showed potential to overcome the drawbacks of manual strategies. This paper presented a method for automatic detection of malarial infected cells. Blood cell segmentation and morphological analysis is a challenging due complexity of the blood cells. To improve the performance of malaria parasite segmentation and classification, we have used different set of features which are forward to the ANN for malaria classification. We have used Rao’s method and bounding box for segmentation whereas we have used BPNN for classification on different set of texture and shape features.
Update on COVID-19 Innovation: Detection and VaccineRohimah Mohamud
briefly mentioned about the research activities by my research group at Immunology Department, School of Medical Sciences, USM which focusing on both fundamental and applied research. As the theme of this conference is more to ASEAN SDG, I highlighted on the challenges and issues facing by ASEAN as reported in ASEAN SDG Indicators Baseline Report 2020 (only briefly- especially on the data compilation etc - you may refer to this report). Then, I moved on to the diagnosis and vaccine development for COVID-19.
There are a total of 237 vaccine candidates, according to Milken institute COVID-19 treatment and vaccine tracker, as of December 1, 2020. There are 40 confirmed vaccine candidates in clinical evaluation, while 197 vaccine candidates are still in the preclinical stage. There are 9 vaccine candidates in Phase III of clinical evaluation. Studies in clinical trials showed that the vaccine candidates showed good safety and efficacy in terms of producing antibodies and prevent infection.
Comparative Study between Rapid Diagnostic Tests and Microscopy for Diagnosis...Premier Publishers
Malaria infection is a global problem accounting for a 25% mortality rate annually, management and control of malaria involves accurate diagnosis and treatment. The study compared the performance of rapid diagnostic tests and microscopy as used for the diagnosis of malaria in Seme Sub County, Kisumu County. The cross sectional study was conducted in three purposively selected health facilities. A total of 230 participants were randomly selected to participate in the study. Blood samples were collected by a trained phlebotomist from the participants who had given consent to participate. The samples were screened for malaria using both microscopy as a gold standard and two Rapid diagnostic tests (Histidine Rich Protein (HRP2), and Combined HRP2 and parasite lactate dehydrogenase (PLDH) to determine the performance of RDTs. The results revealed that, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values and negative predictive values using microscopy was found to be 94.44%, 85.71%, 80.95%, 96.00% for HRP2 and 94.44%, 85.00%,80.19% ,95.9% for pLDH RDT respectively. There was a significant level of agreement between microscopy and HRP2 RDTs of 89.13% (p-value <0.001) and between microscopy and pLDH RDTs of 88.70% (p-value <0.001). The low sensitivity below the WHO recommendation of ≥95% indicates the need to improve the sensitivity of the mRDTs kits in malaria management, where trained microscopists for malaria diagnosis are not available .The findings are important in informing the ministry of Health and the malaria control unit to improve on the malaria diagnosis techniques. Assist policymakers in post market surveillance of the mRDTs currently in use.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Use of MALDI-TOF in the diagnosis of infectious diseases
1. Use ofMALDI-TOF in the diagnosis ofinfectious diseases
1. In this presentation the following papers have been used and these references and are
recommended for additional information
2. Clinical microbiology asa well-organized diagnostic profession has experienced a complete and
unexpected change by introducing the MALDI-TOF MS. Today everyone agrees that the
method of MALDI-TOF MS, a technology that is less than 30 years old, has revolutionized
clinical microbiology.
Almost the whole century bacterialidentification need more than 24 hours and the whole process
from sampling till presenting the finding to clinicians need 2 or 3 days (in some cases even
more). Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight MS (MALDI-TOF MS) has
drastically improved the time to identification of a positive culture – only a few minutes are
needed.So, the whole processimproved dramatically. Together with some other novel methods,
such as molecular technology the time from sampling to results of diagnostic process are
shortened to just a few hours or in a worst case one day.
The role of mass spectrometry methods is not just in identification but typing as well, which is
shown in this illustration.
3. Identification of microorganism relies on different methods: Conventional detection of
phenotypic characteristics which includes Gram stain, and colony morphology
Morphology, microscopic examination, differential growth on selective media and various
biochemical tests
Using manual or automated methods
Molecular diagnostic methods including
16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and real-
time PCR detection of selected genes
The common characteristics of different molecular method is that they are complicated and
costly
And as stated the revolutionary technology - MALDI-TOF MS
4. MALDI-TOF MS: Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry
– has many Advantages
- Implementation in a clinical microbiology laboratory is easy
- It has great Performance in bacterial identification with routine samples:
>90% - efficient and it is
- Reliable method for the identification of bacteria from clinical samples - It is Cost-effective:
At least ¼ of the price of conventional methods
(€2.44 with MALDITOF MS vs. €4.60–13.85 with an automated identification
- It is fast comaparing conventional methods
6 min versus hours or even days at sam identificaions level -
And even can be used in purpose of antimicrobial stewardship:
Together with local antibiotic resistance data
2. Efficiently optimize early empirical antibiotic treatment
5. The whole Workflow of MALDI-TOFMS is very simple: on one sample plate different samples
or multiple parallel direct depositions for the same sample might be performed in same time. In
a case of non- valid or doubtful results separate protein extractions might be done.
6. In short, after incubation, cultured colonies are applied directly to the test plate. The next step
is application of matrix which is a saturated solution of low-mass, acidic organic compounds
shuch as sinapinic acid - samples are overlaid with matrix. The next step is drying. After drying,
the prepared plate is loaded into the MALDI-TOF MS analyzer with software associated with
the system which enables fast identification.
7. So, the prepared sample plate, a metal carrier, is placed in the instrument, and brief laser pulses
hit the analyte (mixture of investigated colony and acidic matrix). The small desorbed and
ionized molecules are accelerated through an electrostatic field and drift through a fieldfree
tunnel until they reach the mass spectrometer’s detector. Molecules of different masses and
Charges will ‘fly’ at different speeds (hence the term ‘time-of-flight’). The result is a spectral
signature, with spikes generally in the range of 1000–20 000 m/z (mass-to-charge ratio). This
signature is then searched for in the appropriate database for the identification of the organism
to the genus or species level, according to values determined by the provider of the database.
8. The power of MALDI TOF MS are shown in specific species studies which gave nearly 100%
correct identifications of many bacterial species such as Neisseria, Clostridia, Mycobacteria,
Nonfermenters, Salmonella etc. And Yeasts (96% of 250 clinical Candida isolate) so there is
theoretically no limit to the identification ability although in some cases such as filamentous
fungi and dermatophytes because of their unique growth characteristics and morphology further
improvements in databases and pre-analytical protocols are needed
9. Another superior application of MALDI TOF MS versus conventional microbiology technique
is direct identification of pathogens in the sample itself, without a culture step which gave 66-
90 % of correct identification. This makes MALDI tof MS a promising tool in early start of
empirical antimicrobial therapy because of further shortening of identification time.
10. The weakest part of this technology is antibiotic susceptibility testing which is in development
and there is successes in ability to distinguish methicillin-susceptible S. Aureus from
methicillinresistant S. Aureus
Detection of various bacterial targeting antimicrobial molecules (such as b-lactamases,
methylases and efflux pumps) and detection of some other major virulence factors such as
Panton–Valentine leukocidin with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 90.6%
11. Also, another application of MALDI tof MS technology is in genotyping - MALDI-RE
(SEQUENOM) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) MS methods are used
to analyse amplification products of PCR,and allowing precise typing of bacteria, comparable
with other molecular method such as multilocus sequence typing (MLST)
12. Nevertheless, this technology reveals many thing and open horizons and during the time of its
integration in routine practice there was different moments from high expectations to falls but
there are perfectly clear that MALDI TOF MS is revolution inside clinical microbiology
3. laboratory, a technology of today which provides rapid and fast identification of almost all
microbial pathogens, it is easy to use and low cost method.