Crimson Publishers -A Sensor Multiplatform for Non Invasive Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer By A D'Amico in Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences
This work underlines the utility of a multiplatform based on the use of both artificial lactation and taste systems that show the ability to perform both gas and bio liquid chemical imaging. Preliminary results related to the investigation of prostate cancer suggest that high performance levels with diagnostic and screening purposes can be reached with non invasive experimental procedures.
Flow cytometry is a technique used to detect and measure physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles. A sample containing cells or particles is suspended in a fluid and injected into the flow cytometer instrument. The sample is focused to ideally flow one cell at a time through a laser beam and the light scattered is characteristic to the cells and their components. Cells are often labeled with fluorescent markers so that light is first absorbed and then emitted in a band of wavelengths. Tens of thousands of cells can be quickly examined and the data gathered are processed by a computer.
Automated Diagnosis of Malaria in Tropical Areas Using 40X Microscopic Images...CSCJournals
This paper proposes a new algorithm to measure parasitemia stemming from Plasmodium
falciparum by using optical images of capillary blood smears from Sub-Saharan Africa. The
approach is an improvement of the previous noteworthy method by developing a two-tone
adaptive median filter and Sauvola segmentation. The analysis was performed on the database
of 100X and 40X microscopic images originating from real time collection of patients’ blood of
some Cameroon’s laboratories. The obtained results were very satisfactory with a detection of
infected cells on 40X images of a sensitivity at 81.58%, a specificity at 97.11% and an accuracy
at 96.71%. Compared to the previous works, the values portray a real improvement in most
performance’s criteria for 100X images and 40X images as well. There is a significant step of
automated Malaria diagnosis in tropical areas and in the performance assessed. The results of
the method gave more strength for the two magnification ranges. The time spent in analysis is
obviously reduced with 40X magnification and the inaccessibility of the information by the visual
laboratory measurement is henceforth genuinely assaulted. The low cost of the system opens
therefore the possibility of a cost effective method of diagnosing malaria in low and middleincome
countries
Flow cytometry is a technique used to detect and measure physical and chemical characteristics of a population of cells or particles. A sample containing cells or particles is suspended in a fluid and injected into the flow cytometer instrument. The sample is focused to ideally flow one cell at a time through a laser beam and the light scattered is characteristic to the cells and their components. Cells are often labeled with fluorescent markers so that light is first absorbed and then emitted in a band of wavelengths. Tens of thousands of cells can be quickly examined and the data gathered are processed by a computer.
Automated Diagnosis of Malaria in Tropical Areas Using 40X Microscopic Images...CSCJournals
This paper proposes a new algorithm to measure parasitemia stemming from Plasmodium
falciparum by using optical images of capillary blood smears from Sub-Saharan Africa. The
approach is an improvement of the previous noteworthy method by developing a two-tone
adaptive median filter and Sauvola segmentation. The analysis was performed on the database
of 100X and 40X microscopic images originating from real time collection of patients’ blood of
some Cameroon’s laboratories. The obtained results were very satisfactory with a detection of
infected cells on 40X images of a sensitivity at 81.58%, a specificity at 97.11% and an accuracy
at 96.71%. Compared to the previous works, the values portray a real improvement in most
performance’s criteria for 100X images and 40X images as well. There is a significant step of
automated Malaria diagnosis in tropical areas and in the performance assessed. The results of
the method gave more strength for the two magnification ranges. The time spent in analysis is
obviously reduced with 40X magnification and the inaccessibility of the information by the visual
laboratory measurement is henceforth genuinely assaulted. The low cost of the system opens
therefore the possibility of a cost effective method of diagnosing malaria in low and middleincome
countries
the slideshare is been made to get knowledge about flow cytometry it's introduction, working, construction mainly components used in the flow cytometry and its application to use
In this presentation, you will learn everything you need to know to get started on flow cytometry. You will learn how it works, how to choose the right antibody for FACS, how to gate, and many more.
Multiple Federal and State Agencies (e.g. EPA, DOD, DEQs and DEPs) in the United States as well as international organizations (e.g. ASTM) are quickly publishing new analytical methodologies for PFAS monitoring and establishing more stringent limits. Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry-based detection is established as the most suitable technology for meeting the requirements from official methods released up to date for monitoring PFAS. A comparison of instruments’ performance was conducted in this work.
An efficient convolutional neural network-extreme gradient boosting hybrid de...IJECEIAES
In this paper, we present an efficient deep-learning hybrid model comprising an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) supervised learning algorithm and convolutional neural networks (CNN) for the automated detection of diseases. The proposed model is implemented and tested to detect type-2 diabetes by measuring the acetone concentration in the exhaled breath. Acetone will be present in much higher concentrations in type-2 diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic people. A novel sensing module is designed and implemented in our study to measure the acetone concentration in exhaled breath. The proposed approach delivered good results, with a classification accuracy of 97.14%. The findings of this study show how effectively the proposed detection module functions in disease diagnosis applications. As the detection process is simple and non-invasive, people can undergo routine checks for diabetes with the proposed detection module.
the slideshare is been made to get knowledge about flow cytometry it's introduction, working, construction mainly components used in the flow cytometry and its application to use
In this presentation, you will learn everything you need to know to get started on flow cytometry. You will learn how it works, how to choose the right antibody for FACS, how to gate, and many more.
Multiple Federal and State Agencies (e.g. EPA, DOD, DEQs and DEPs) in the United States as well as international organizations (e.g. ASTM) are quickly publishing new analytical methodologies for PFAS monitoring and establishing more stringent limits. Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry-based detection is established as the most suitable technology for meeting the requirements from official methods released up to date for monitoring PFAS. A comparison of instruments’ performance was conducted in this work.
An efficient convolutional neural network-extreme gradient boosting hybrid de...IJECEIAES
In this paper, we present an efficient deep-learning hybrid model comprising an extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) supervised learning algorithm and convolutional neural networks (CNN) for the automated detection of diseases. The proposed model is implemented and tested to detect type-2 diabetes by measuring the acetone concentration in the exhaled breath. Acetone will be present in much higher concentrations in type-2 diabetic patients compared to non-diabetic people. A novel sensing module is designed and implemented in our study to measure the acetone concentration in exhaled breath. The proposed approach delivered good results, with a classification accuracy of 97.14%. The findings of this study show how effectively the proposed detection module functions in disease diagnosis applications. As the detection process is simple and non-invasive, people can undergo routine checks for diabetes with the proposed detection module.
Noninvasive blood glucose monitoring system based on near-infrared method IJECEIAES
Diabetes is considered one of the life-threatening diseases in the world which need continuous monitoring to avoid the complication of diabetes. There is a need to develop a non-invasive monitoring system that avoids the risk of infection problems and pain caused by invasive monitoring techniques. This paper presents a method for developing a noninvasive technique to predict the blood glucose concentration (BCG) based on the Near-infrared (NIR) light sensor. A prototype is developed using a finger sensor based on LED of 940 nm wavelength to collect photoplethysmography (PPG) signal which is variable depending on the glucose concentration variance, a module circuit to preprocess PPG signals is realized, which includes an amplifier and analog filter circuits, an Arduino UNO is used to analog-to-digital conversion. A digital Butterworth filterer is used to remove PPG signal trends, then detect the PPG data peaks to determine the relationship between the PPG signal and (BCG) and use it as input parameters to build the calibration model based on linear regression. Experiments show that the Root Mean Squares Error (RMSE) of the prediction is between 8.264mg/dL and 13.166 mg/dL, the average of RMSE is about 10.44mg/dL with a correlation coefficient (R^2) of 0.839, it is observed that the prediction of glucose concentration is in the clinically acceptable region of the standard Clark Error Grid (CEG).
Reliable e-nose for air toxicity monitoring by filter diagonalization methodIJECEIAES
This paper introduces a compact, affordable electronic nose (e-nose) device devoted to detect the presence of toxic compounds that could affect human health, such as carbon monoxide, combustible gas, hydrogen, methane, and smoke, among others. Such artificial olfaction device consists of an array of six metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors and a computer-based information system for signal acquisition, processing, and visualization. This study further proposes the use of the filter diagonalization method (FDM) to extract the spectral contents of the signals obtained from the sensors. Preliminary results show that the prototype is functional and that the FDM approach is suitable for a later classification stage. Example deployment scenarios of the proposed e-nose include indoor facilities (buildings and warehouses), compromised air quality places (mines and sanitary landfills), public transportation, mobile robots, and wireless sensor networks.
EXPERIMENTAL IMPLEMENTATION OF EMBARRASINGLY PARALLEL PROCESS IN ANALYSIS OF ...ijesajournal
This paper explains the development of a embedded based parallel system to measure glucose concentration of the blood samples. The developed instrument works on the principle of absorbance transmittance photometry using ATmega32 microcontrollers. In order to handle more blood samples and reduce the response time of glucose analyzing process in large number of blood samples, the embarrassing parallel measurement operation is implemented. The proposed system architecture and the co-design of hardware and software are discussed in detail. The system is evaluated using the
parameters of Speedup Factor, Efficiency and Throughput are studied. The result shows that system attained the linear speedup in measurement of blood samples.
Evaluation of Gastric Diseases Using Segmentation RGB Interface in Video Endo...IJAEMSJORNAL
Video endoscopy is a prevention, diagnosis and prognosis technique usually used to detect gastric lesions due to its minimal invasion and low risk, however the critique of the medical personnel is the main actor to give a diagnosis, in this article, a novel algorithm of image processing using MATLAB software to separate video endoscopy in 6 tonalities implementing RGB filters and their combinations has been evaluated by medical personnel to determinate if the colorimetry helps in the detection of gastric diseases such as polyps, varicose veins and ulcers, the medical staff indicates that the color red, pink (Without green) and yellow (without blue) help in the detection of varicose veins due to enhanced of natural color and reduction the interference of fluids in cavity, gastric ulcers are detected easily by yellow (without blue) and pink colors.
This is the presentation on Role of advancement in instrumentation in pharmacodynamic evaluation of drugs
in clinical trials.
CONTENTS
Concept of medical instrument and instrumentation
Centrifuge
PCR
HPLC
Flow cytometry
Mass SPECTROMETRY
Minimally invasive technologies in PD
Conclusion
On data collection time by an electronic noseIJECEIAES
We use electronic nose data of odor measurements to build machine learning clas- sification models. The presented analysis focused on determining the optimal time of measurement, leading to the best model performance. We observe that the most valuable information for classification is available in data collected at the beginning of adsorption and the beginning of the desorption phase of measurement. We demonstrated that the usage of complex features extracted from the sensors’ response gives better classification performance than use as features only raw values of sensors’ response, normalized by baseline. We use a group shuffling cross-validation approach for determining the reported models’ average accuracy and standard deviation.
Increase in Bone Mass Density and Overall Bone Health Following High-Impact o...CrimsonPublishers-SBB
Vitamin D3 and calcium are the main bone health supplements required for quality of life. The present study aimed to find out the role of Consciousness Energy Healing based vitamin D3 and DMEM medium on bone health parameters in vitro using MG-63 cells. The parameters of bone health tested are Alkaline Phosphatise Enzyme (ALP) activity, collagen levels, and bone mineralization. The Test Items (TI) i.e. vitamin D3 and DMEM medium were divided into two parts. The test samples received Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by Krista Joanne Callas and samples were defined as the Bio-field Energy Treated (BT) samples, while the other parts of each sample were denoted as the untreated test items (UT). Cell viability using MTT assay exhibited increased cell viability range from 72% to 122% with safe and nontoxic profile among test samples on the MG-63 cell line. was significantly increased by 129.6%, 392%, and 255.7%in the UT-DMEM+BT-TI, BT-DMEM+UT-TI, and BT-DMEM+BT-TI groups, respectively at 100μg/mL as compared with the untreated group.
Effect of Genetic Drift versus Natural Selection on Clutch Traits in Two Popu...CrimsonPublishers-SBB
The study was carried out at Akpehe poultry farm, Makurdi,on the Tiv and the Fulani Nigerian local chicken ecotypes.The variability on clutch traits were estimated on 540 hens produced from the mating of 40 hens and 4 sires each for the Tiv and the Fulani local chicken ecotypes, randomly selected from rural populations. The hens were housed singly and hand mated. Daily egg production was recorded individually. The data was organized according to clutch size, clutch number, pause number and pause length. SAS procedure was used to analyze the variability on clutch traits within and between the ecotypes.Clutch size has the highest variability within the ecotype. Between the ecotypes, the Tiv ecotype showed higher variability in clutch traits than the Fulani ecotype. The higher variability in the Tiv ecotype was related to the large population of single inter breeding flock which renders genetic drift insignificant. The small reproductive population often left when the Fulani women disposed large numbers of matured birds from their flock when preparing for new settlements thereby accelerating genetic drift. This had driven the population of the Fulani ecotype towards genetic uniformity in clutch traits by reducing genetic variation overtime. The genetic diversity of the Fulani ecotype in clutch traits that could be used for current and future adaptation is been threatened.
Information about the Effect of Climatic Factors and Soil Moisture Status on ...CrimsonPublishers-SBB
Information about the Effect of Climatic Factors and Soil Moisture Status on Cotton Production using Different Statistical Relations by Zakaria M Sawan in Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences
Factors Affecting the Contribution of 1st Year Female Students Tutorial Class...CrimsonPublishers-SBB
Factors Affecting the Contribution of 1st Year Female Students Tutorial Class on their Academic Achievement in First Semester of 2016, the Case of Afan Oromo and Literature Department by Itefa Degefa in Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences
A Biomechanical Paradigm Shift: Part I: Transforming Lower Extremity Biomecha...CrimsonPublishers-SBB
A Biomechanical Paradigm Shift: Part I: Transforming Lower Extremity Biomechanics Terminology, Nomenclature and Science as an Upgrade to “STJ Neutral” and “Normal” Biomechanics by Dennis Shavelson in
Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences: Crimson Publishers-Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
Crimson Publishers_Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer Risk: A Study among ...CrimsonPublishers-SBB
Oral Contraceptives and Breast Cancer Risk: A Study among the Bengalee Females of West Bengal, India by Abhishikta Ghosh Roy in Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences
Crimson Publishers- New Hope for Cancer Immunotherapy: Viral Based Cancer Vac...CrimsonPublishers-SBB
Cancer cases are increasing every year in all communities all over the world. Among many causes, environmental factors are considered highest cause of this increase. Socioeconomic impacts of this event lead scientists to expedite research toward finding new therapeutic modalities for treatment of this deadly disease.
Crimson Publishers- CPG Methylation in G-Quadruplex and IMotif DNA StructuresCrimsonPublishers-SBB
Abberant hypomethylation in DNA regions with noncanonical folding potential (ncDNA motifs) is believed to predetermine tumor development - presumably, by facilitating G-quadruplex (G4) and/or i-motif (IM) formation via altering nucleosome positioning (stable G4s induce subsequent genomic rearrangements). We questioned whether CpG methylation per se affects the dsDNA-ncDNA equilibrium. Thermodynamic studies of genomic and model oligonucleotides with methylated CpG sites at different positions are reported. The genomic oligonucleotides analyzed in this work are DNA fragments with reportedly different methylation statuses in colorectal cancer and normal cells. Free energies of duplex, ncDNA formation from single strands were calculated based on melting curve analyses. Polyethylenglycole was used to imitate crowding effect. Our results suggest that CpG methylation may alter the energetic barrier for dsDNA-IM transitions.
Crimson Publishers-Noncoding RNA Modulation for Cardiovascular Therapeutics CrimsonPublishers-SBB
Noncoding RNA Modulation for Cardiovascular Therapeutics by Ki-Chul Hwang* in Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences
Cardiovascular diseases are multifactorial diseases that involve alteration of multiple genes and subsequent phenotypic changes. Non-coding RNAs regulate gene expression, affecting many physiological and pathophysiological processes in humans. Accumulating evidence indicates that noncoding RNA, such as microRNAs, expression profile changes can lead to cardiovascular diseases. This article reviews the current findings regarding the roles of noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular diseases, and strategy to modulate them for therapeutics.
Crimson Publishers- The Effect of Medial Hamstring Weakness on Soft Tissue Lo...CrimsonPublishers-SBB
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions are frequently performed in the United States of America. The medial hamstrings graft has been shown to produce lower rates of osteoarthritis (OA) than the patellar tendon graft. The goal of this study was to determine how altering medial hamstring strength during surgery affects soft tissue loading, and hence the joint’s proclivity towards OA. Muscle-actuated forward dynamic simulations of running were performed for normal muscle strength and decreased medial hamstring strength. The results show weakening the medial hamstrings caused an overall decrease in total hamstrings force by 7%, in total quadriceps force by 35%, and in cartilage contact force by 6%. This decreased force may be protective against long-term OA.
Crimson Publishers- Create the Individualized Digital Twin for Noninvasive Pr...CrimsonPublishers-SBB
Create the Individualized Digital Twin for Noninvasive Precise Pulmonary Healthcare by Yu Feng in Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences
Nowadays, "personalized medicine” is starting to replace the current "one size fits all” approach.It is crucial to understand the aerosol drug dynamics better and develop a revolutionary patient-specific pulmonary disease treatment platform and to improve therapeutic outcomes. In this paper, the discussion paves the way to achieve personalized pulmonary healthcare by introducing the digital twin and lung aerosol dynamics modeling platform as a noninvasive tool for individualized treatment planning. Challenges and breakthroughs are also discussed as the future research directions.
We present a micro fluidic device that allows rapid and defined delivery of discrete and homogeneous reagents or samples to allow kinetic studies of surface-tethered biomolecules. We developed an Electro Osmotic Flow (EOF) based device consisting of an asymmetric Y-junction with an incorporated fast, pressure driven valve, two embedded measurement electrodes and reservoirs. The EOF is used to circumvent kinetic limitations on reagent transport to the surface of these tethered biomolecules due to the slow diffusion across parabolic concentration gradients in conventional pressure-driven flow devices. Using Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) as the pH sensitive surface-immobilized biomolecules, we show that the reagent solution can be repeatedly exchanged within milliseconds, and that by using a synchronized triggering scheme we can monitor the reaction of our sensor biomolecules to the change of the environment on a time scale of 10ms.
Crimson Publishers-The Risk Level of Viet Nam Listed Medical and Human Resou...CrimsonPublishers-SBB
The Risk Level of Viet Nam Listed Medical and Human
Resource Company Groups After the Global Crisis
2009-2011 by Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy in Significances of Bioengineering & Biosciences
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
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A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.