Cancer Proteomics

1. Dr. P. Suganya
Assistant Professor
Sri Kaliswari College (Autonomous)
Sivakasi

2.  Cancer proteomics encompasses the identification and
quantitative analysis of differentially expressed proteins
relative to healthy tissue counterparts at different stages of
disease, from preneoplasia to neoplasia.
 Proteome-entire complement of proteins, including the
modification – made –to a- particular set of proteins-
produced by organism or cellular systems.

3.  The term- proteomics- large scale comprehensive study of
specific protein abundances- variation and modification-
along with their- interacting partners and networks-
cellular process (Clinical Proteomics).
 Proteins are the building blocks of the living organism
made of different amino acids. T
 hey vary greatly in their function, stability, three
dimensional structures, and are considered as the final gene
products of most of the genes.
 The complete genome sequences of many organisms
including higher organisms like human beings are known
today.

4.  Application of proteomic technologies-clinical specimen such as
blood.
 Particular cancer –identify –unique- bio signatures & Biomarkers
responsible- diagnosis, prognosis & therapeutic prediction of disease.
 Biomarkers- biological molecules- found- blood, body fluids or
tissues – sign of normal or abnormal process or a condition or
disease
 How ell the body- responds to treatment – disease or condition

5.  Greast –promise –detection & treatment of cancer lies- deep
understanding – molecular basis- disease initiation,
progression and efficacious treatment- based discovery- unique
biomarkers
 Cancer proteomics – rapid during –past few years- genetic
code
 Means- finding –tell-tale proteins that- provide- insight –
biological processes of cancer development- “recipes” of the cell-
proteins encoded – genes- functional players – drive both
normal & disease phsiology

6. Cancer related proteins- tissues &
body fluids has triggered – protein
focused research
Proteomics- ability – biospecimens for
the

7.  Major areas –focus- bioinformatics research
including –data modeling and database design,
data interoperability and comparison, gene &
gene protein expression analysis, structural
predictions, vocabularies& ontologies, as well as
modeling for system biology

8.  In second –CPTC- development – new bioinformatics tool-
integrative analysis- genomic & proteomic data – necessary- drive
the – collaborative, multidisciplinary effect- required – drive –
discovery- laboratory- clinical practice.

9.  Cancer research- rely heavily- on the
quality- bio specimens- measurement
 Genetic & protein expression – linkage –
information with clinical status- disease
pathways
 Such as tumor growth, migration,
metastasis, angiogenesis and
apoptosis(Cell death)

10.  Cancer diagnosis and treatment –often – begin with=
diagnostic biopsies
 Followed by surgical reaction of the tumor- opportunities –
collect valuable- bio specimens for research
 NCI- recognized –critical need – research- access to large
numbers-high quality- bio specimens –annotated with
clinical data.
 NCI- addressing – this- critical need- its –office –bio
repositories & Bio specimen research

11.  Growing need- field of – proteomics-
high quality
 Well characterized - standard –
reagents – that can improve- specificity &
reproducibility of proteomic technologies.
 One widely used reagent – proteomic
research – antibody, naturally occuring –
serum protein
 Whose biological- role –requires high-
antigen specificity.
 They have –useful as the capture &
detection reagents in proteomics.

12.  Alternate –affinity- reagents – such as aptamers- great promise – as
an adjunct to antibodies.
 The nucleic acid –based molecules – possess- protein- binding
specificity.
 Similar to antibodies –useful as –protein –capture and detection
reagents
• Reporter molecules that detect the presence of a target (or
modifications to it) in a particular biological sample.
• Capture molecules for purifying the target from a complex biological
sample prior to identification & identification using (ex: mass
spectrometry)
• Functional studies to validate the role of a potential therapeutic target
prior to launching drug discovery or development efforts
• Reference materials for calibrating instruments or comparing different
proteomic platform technologies

13.  Radiolabeled MOAs (Mono Colonel Antibody's)-
therapeutic applications – 2 components -A tumor
targeting vector, Moab's & radiolabel.
 The science of MoAbs- humanized- human MoAbs,
radiolabeling aspects, preclinical RIT, & models for
absorbed- dose calculations- reviewed by different
groups
 Application of – radiolabeled MOAbs – involved –
intact antibodies- maximize – uptake & retention
in the tumor.

14.  Tumor response - depends on several factors – that include-
tumor radiosenstivity- cumaltive radiation dose & dose rate.
 Application of these – monoclonal antibodies – labeled with –
radionuclides – extensively- investigated- vivo detection &
therapy of tumor
 The results – of – experimental studies –in animal models –very
promising & radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies- approved &
new are – now commercially available – therapeutics agents of
cancer
 Many – clinical trails – therapy- radiolabeled antibodies – in
progress
 Especially very –radiosensitive tumors, systemic irradiation
based on 90Y- immunoconjugates – proven – very effective

15.  Success- achieving – significant remissions- in patients with-
non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL)- encouraged investigators-
continue- exploiting – field.
 NHL- complete response rates – very from 50%- 80%.
 Particularly high dose- studies of conjugation with
myeloablation.
 Low up take label- improve the tumor to blood ratio, -
investigated – tumor pre targeting – concept
 To achieve – pre targeting results- radio labels – several
chemical & physiological properties such as rapid diffusion
into extracellular space.