1. The document presents research on using glass powder as a partial replacement for natural sand in high strength concrete. Glass powder was used to replace sand at 0-30% by weight. 2. Concrete mixtures were tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at 7 and 28 days. Results showed increases in strength when sand was replaced with 10-20% glass powder. 3. Load-deflection testing was also conducted on reinforced concrete beams with 0-30% sand replacement. Beams with 10% replacement exhibited the highest flexural strength and stiffness. In summary, partially replacing sand with glass powder in concrete can improve strength properties.

1. International Journal of Science and Engineering Research (IJ0SER),
Vol 2 Issue 7 july-2014
Jostin,.. . . (IJ0SER) July- 2014
Use Of Glass Powder As Fine Aggregate In High
Strength Concrete
Jostin.P.jose*1
, S.suganya*2
, Banu Priya#3
*1
lecturer/civil department “R.V.S Technical Campus”, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
*2&3
M.E Construction management and engineering “R.V.S Technical Campus ”Coimbatore, Tamilnadu,India.
Abstract— Glass powder (GP) used in concrete making leads to greener environment. In shops, damaged glass sheets & sheet glass
cuttings are go to waste, which are not recycled at present and usually delivered to landfills for disposal. Using GP in concrete is an
interesting possibility for economy on waste disposal sites and conservation of environment. This project examines the possibility of
using GP as fine aggregate replacement in concrete. Natural sand was partially replaced (0%-30%) with GP in concrete. Tensile
strength, Compressive strength (cubes and cylinders) and Flexural strength up to 28 days of age were compared with those of high
performance concrete made with natural sand.
Keywords—Glass powder, Natural sand Tensile strength, Compressive strength
I. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is a widely used material in the world. Based on
global usage it is placed at second position after water. River
sand is one of the constituents used in the production of
conventional concrete has become highly expensive and also
scare. In the backdrop of such a bleak atmosphere, there is a
large demand for alternative materials from industrial waste.
Some alternative materials have already been used as a part of
natural sand. For example fly ash, slag, red mud, ponded ashes
were used in concrete mixtures as a partial replacement of
natural sand.
Similarly the waste glass are collected from the shops
are used. The collected glasses are crushed to sand size and it
could be used an alternate material for natural sand as partial
replacement. In brief, successful utilization of glass as fine
aggregate will turn this waste material into a valuable resource.
A. OBJECTIVE
 To evaluate the utility of glass powder as a partial
replacement of cement in concrete.
 To study and compare the performance conventional
concrete and glass powder concrete.
 To understand the effectiveness of glass powder in
strength enhancement.
The utilization of glass powder which can be called as
manufactured sand has been accepted as a building material in
the industrially advanced countries. As a result of sustained
research and developmental works undertaken with respect to
increasing application of this industrial waste, the level of
utilization of glass powder in the industrialized nations has
been reached more than 60% of its total production. The use
of manufactured sand in India has not been much popular,
when compared to some advanced countries.
II. METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
.
A. MATERIAL TEST
TABLE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MATERIALS
Collection of materials,
Studyofphysicalpropertiesofmaterials,
mix design
Casting of specimens
Curing of specimens
Test on concrete
Hardened concrete
1. Compressive strength
2. Split tensile strength
3. Flexural strength
Analysis and Discussion of Test Result
Conclusion
Scope for future study

2. International Journal of Science and Engineering Research (IJ0SER),
Vol 2 Issue 7 july-2014
Jostin,.. . . (IJ0SER) July- 2014
TABLE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GLASS POWDER AND NATURAL SAND
Constituent Glass powder
(%)
Natural
sand (%)
Silica (SiO2) 72.5 80.78
Alumina (Al2O3) 01.06 10.52
Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) 0.36 01.75
Lime (CaO) 08 03.21
Magnesia (MgO) 4.18 00.77
Sodium Oxide (Na2O) 13.1 01.37
Potassium Oxide (K2O) 0.26 01.23
Sulphur Trioxide (SO3) 0.18 -
III. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION
The most common of all tests on hardened concrete is the
compressive strength test. This is partly because it is easy to
make, and partly because many through not all, of the
desirable characteristics of concrete are qualitatively related to
its strength, but mainly because of the intrinsic importance of
the compressive strength of concrete in construction.
In this thesis work M50 grade is being used. The design
procedure is detailed below. (Based on IS: 10262 – 1982)
Water Cement Fine aggregate Coarse aggregate
139.5
kg/m3
398.5 kg/m3 648 kg/m3 1267.25 kg/m3
0.35 1 1.626 3.10
The concrete samples are caste with mix 1: 1.626: 3.10 as per
design, with partial replacement of fine aggregate. The
numbers of concrete samples caste are laid down as per IS
code. The tests are carried out after 7 & 28 days of casting of
concrete,
a) Compressive strength (cube specimen)
b) Tensile strength (cylinder specimen)
c) Flexural strength or Modulus of rupture (beam
specimen)
A. SAMPLES WITH GLASS POWDER
Crushing of glass pieces is done by crusher. Glass
material is sieved in 2.36mm sieve. Then it is used by
replacing fine aggregate in different percentages. Glass
powder is taken in, 10% weight of fine aggregate and 20%
weight of fine aggregate and 30%weight of fine aggregate.
B. CURING
In all but the least critical applications, care needs to be
taken to properly cure concrete, to achieve best strength and
hardness. This happens after the concrete has been placed.
Cement requires a moist, controlled environment to gain
strength and harden fully. The cement paste hardens over time,
initially setting and becoming rigid though very weak and
gaining in strength in the weeks following.
Fig. Curing Tank with Specimen
TABLE
DETAILS OF SPECIMEN FOR 7 & 28 DAYS (CUBE SIZE MM:
150X150X150),CYLINDERS SPECIMEN SIZE MM (300X150Ф), PCC
PRISM SIZE MM (1000X150X150), REINFORCED BEAM SPECIMEN SIZE
MM (1200X150X150).
Property Glass
powder
Natural
sand
Specific gravity 2.4-2.8 2.60
Bulk density 2.53 1.46
Moisture content (%) Nil 1.50
Fine particles less than
0.075mm (%)
12-15 0- 6
Sieve analysis Zone Zone
S.No Material
Property details
1. Cement
Grade 43-OPC
Consistency 34%
Specific gravity 3.15
Fineness
Modulus
2%
2.
Natural
sand
Grading Zone Zone II
Specific gravity 2.70
Fineness
Modulus
2.43%
3.
Glass
powder
Specific gravity 2.66
Fineness
Modulus
3.36%
4.
Coarse
Aggregate
Specific gravity 2.60
Fineness
Modulus
7.14%
5. Water Type Potable

3. International Journal of Science and Engineering Research (IJ0SER),
Vol 2 Issue 7 july-2014
Jostin,.. . . (IJ0SER) July- 2014
Specimen
Tested
Properties
Test
Type &
Replacement
No. of
specimens
Cube
7 & 28 days
compressive
strength
Conventional
3
10%
20% 3
30% 3
Cylinder
28 days split
tensile
strength
Conventional
3
10% 3
20%
3
30% 3
PCC
Prism
28 days
flexural
strength
Conventional
1
28 days
compressive
strength
10% 1
20% 1
30% 1
Beam 28 days
flexural
strength
Conventional
1
28 days
compressive
strength
10% 1
20% 1
30% 1
Fig. Casted Cubes
.
Fig. Casted Cylinders
Fig Casted Reinforced Beams
IV.RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
The compressive strength of a material is that value of
uniaxial compressive stress reached when the material fails
completely. The compressive strength is usually obtained
experimentally by means of a compressive test. The apparatus
used for this experiment is the same as that used in a tensile
test. However, rather than applying a uniaxial tensile load, a
uniaxial compressive load is applied. As can be imagined, the
specimen (usually cylindrical) is shortened as well as
spread laterally. A Stress–strain curve is plotted by the
instrument and would look similar to the following:
Compressive strength of concrete is usually found by testing
Cubes and cylinders. Cube of size 150 mm X 150mm X
150mm concrete specimens were casting using M50 grade
concrete. Specimens with Nominal concrete and glass powder
concrete (glass powder is partially replaced with Natural sand)
were casted. During casting the cubes were manually
compacted using tamping rods. After 24 hours, the specimens
were removed from the mould and subjected to water curing
for 28 days. After curing, the specimens were tested for
compressive strength using a compression testing machine
Fig.. Crack occurred in Cube

4. International Journal of Science and Engineering Research (IJ0SER),
Vol 2 Issue 7 july-2014
Jostin,.. . . (IJ0SER) July- 2014
When comparing with conventional concrete the glass powder
concrete of shows an increased strength of 9.45% in 10%
replacement.
TABLE
COMPRESSIVE TEST ON CUBES
S.No Type Of
Specimen
COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH
Load in KN Strength in
N/mm2
Mean after
3-trials
Mean after
3-trials
1 Conventional 1176.6 52.29
2 10% glass
powder
1288.3 57.25
3 20% glass
powder
1231.6 54.73
4 30% glass
powder
1250 55.55
Fig Compressive strength
C. SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST
Split tensile strength of concrete is usually found by
testing plain concrete cylinders. Cylinders of size 100mm x
200 mm were casting using M50 grade concrete. Specimens
with Nominal concrete and glass powder concrete (glass
powder is partially replaced with Natural sand) were casted.
During moulding, the cylinders were manually
compacted using tamping rods. After 24 hours, the specimens
were removed from the mould and subjected to water curing
for 28 days. After curing, the specimens were tested for
compressive strength using a calibrated compression testing
machine.
Fig. Crack occurred in the Cylinder
TABLE
TENSION TEST ON CYLINDERS
S.No Type Of
Specimen
Compressive strength
Load in kN Strength in N/mm2
Mean after
3-trails
Mean after 3-trails
1 Conventional 222.66 3.14
2 10% glass
powder
274.33 3.88
3 20% glass
powder
228.33 3.31
4 30% glass
powder
248.33 3.51
Fig. Split Tensile Strength
C. FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF PCC BEAMS
Flexural strength is the one of the measure of tensile strength
of concrete. It is the ability of a beam to resist failure in
bending. It is measured by loading un-reinforced
150mmX150mm concrete beams with a span 1200mm. Beam
of size 150mm x 150mm x 1200 mm were casting using M50
grade concrete. Specimens with Nominal concrete and glass
powder concrete (glass powder is partially replaced with
Natural sand) were casted. During moulding, the beams were
manually compacted using tamping rods. After 24 hours, the
specimens were removed from the mould and subjected to
water curing for 28days. After curing, the specimens were
tested for compressive strength on a standard reinforced

5. International Journal of Science and Engineering Research (IJ0SER),
Vol 2 Issue 7 july-2014
Jostin,.. . . (IJ0SER) July- 2014
concrete. The bed of testing machine should be supported, and
these rollers should be mounded that the distance from center
is 300mm for 1200mm specimen. The beam is simply
supported and subjected to one third points loading flexure
failure. The maximum tensile stress reached in the modulus of
rupture values for concrete using sand and glass powder.
Fig. Cracks Occurred In Beam Specimen
While performing bending test on the glass powder concrete
shows an increased strength of 71.4% in 10% replacement.
S.No Type Of
Specimen
Flexural
Load
in kN Strength in
N/mm2
1 Conventional 16.30
4.34
2
10% glass
powder 28
7.46
3
20% glass
powder 21.30
5.68
4
30% glass
powder 20
5.33
Fig Flexural Strength of PCC Beam
D. LOAD Vs DEFLECTION CURVE OF REINFORCED
CONCRETE BEAM OF 28 DAYS
CONVENTIONAL BEAM
TABLE
LOAD VS DEFLECTION CURVE FOR CONVENTIONAL BEAM
Load in kN Deflection in
mm
Stiffness in
kN/mm
12 0.5 24
18 1 18
31 1.5 20.67
42 2 21
52 2.5 20.8
63 3 21
75 3.5 21.43
82 4 20.5
88 4.5 19.56
92 5 18.8
95 5.5 17.27
96 6 15.83
97 6.5 14.94
Fig. Load Vs Deflection Curve for Conventional Beam
E. 10% REPLACEMENT BEAM
TABLE
LOAD VS DEFLECTION CURVE FOR 10% REPLACEMENT BEAM
LOAD IN KN DEFLECTION IN
MM
STIFFNESS IN
KN/MM
10 0.5 20
20 1 20
33 1.5 22
44 2 22
50 2.5 20
60 3 20
64 3.5 18.29
70 4 17.5
75 4.5 16.89
78 5 15.6
84 5.5 14.91
87 6 14.7
92 6.5 14.5

6. International Journal of Science and Engineering Research (IJ0SER),
Vol 2 Issue 7 july-2014
Jostin,.. . . (IJ0SER) July- 2014
96 7 14.15
98 7.5 14.14
102 8 13.6
Fig Load Vs Deflection Curve for 10% Replacement Beam
F. 20% REPLACEMENT BEAM
TABLE
.LOAD VS DEFLECTION CURVE FOR 20% REPLACEMENT BEAM
LOAD IN KN DEFLECTION IN
MM
STIFFNESS IN KN/MM
12 0.5 24
23 1 23
33 1.5 22
44 2 22
53 2.5 21.2
64 3 21.33
75 3.5 21.43
83 4 21
90 4.5 20
93 5 18.6
95 5.5 17.28
97 6 16
99 6.5 14.92
G. 30% REPLACEMENT BEAM TABLE
LOAD Vs DEFLECTION CURVE FOR 30% REPLACEMENT
BEAM
LOAD IN
KN
DEFLECTION IN MM STIFFNESS IN KN/MM
15 0.5 13.26
24 1 24
35 1.5 23.33
48 2 24
60 2.5 24
71 3 23.66
80 3.5 22.85
87 4 21.75
92 4.5 20.44
96 5 19.6
97 5.5 18
98 6 16.5
Fig. Load Vs Deflection Curve for 30% Replacement Beam
V. DISCUSSION
Based on the results of the materials properties and the
experimental investigation on concrete made with glass
powder, the reason for the variation observed is summarized
as follows.
A. Summary of material properties
1. Fineness modulus of sand is more than that of glass
powder. This means glass powder is finer than sand.
2. Grading curve of both sand and glass powder is
uniform and sand falls within the limits of zone II
3. Sand particles rounded and globular where as glass
powder particles are angular, flaky and irregular in
shape.
4. The reasons with the fact that glass powder is finer
than sand.
B. Summary of experimental investigation on concrete

7. International Journal of Science and Engineering Research (IJ0SER),
Vol 2 Issue 7 july-2014
Jostin,.. . . (IJ0SER) July- 2014
1. The compressive strength of concrete with glass
powder is more than the conventional concrete.
The increase in compressive strength is the
interlocking properties of particles in the glass
powder.
2. Split tensile strength of concrete increases for
glass powder. The reason for variation is the
shape and texture of glass powder.
3. Flexural strength (modulus of rupture) of
concrete increases for glass powder. The reasons
for variation are the shape and texture of the
glass powder.
VI. CONCLUSIONS
The development of concrete with glass powder as
fine aggregate has been successfully completed and the results
were presented and analyzed in the previous chapters. Based
on the test results of M50 concrete the following conclusions
are drawn:
A. General Conclusions
1) It is possible to replace glass powder by scarce sand
for concrete.
2) The glass powder concrete is less workable, strong
and durable compared to sand concrete
B. Specific conclusions
1) The increase of 9 % in the 28 day cube compressive
strength of glass powder concrete when compared to
Conventional concrete.
2) Increase cylinder tensile strength there is an increase
of about 23% in 28 days of glass powder concrete
when compared to conventional concrete.
3) There is an increase of 74 % in the 28 day flexural
strength of glass powder concrete when compared to
conventional concrete
REFERENCES
A. Books And Is-Codes
[1] M. S. Shetty, Concrete Technology Theory & Practice, Published by S.
CHAND & Company, Ram Nagar, New Delh
[2] M. L. Gambhir, Concrete Technology (3rd Edition), Published by The
McGraw-Hill Companies, New Delhi
[3] IS 10262- 2007 Recommended Guidelines for Concrete Mix Design
[4] IS 456- 2000 Plain and Reinforced Concrete - Code of Practice
[5] IS 516- 1959 Methods of Tests for Strength of Concrete
[6] IS 5816- 1999 Splitting Tensile Strength of Concrete -Method of Test
[1] Reni Mullukattil Lukose / International Journal of Research in Modern
Engineering and Emerging Technology Vol. 1, Issue: 6, July: 2013
(IJRMEET) ISSN: 2320-6586
[2] Use Of Waste Glass As Powder And Aggregate Incement-Based
Materials Sbeidco – 1st International Conference On Sustainable Built
Environment Infrastructures in Developing Countries ENSET Oran
(Algeria) - October 12-14, 2009
[3] Glass fibre reinforced concrete use in construction ©gopalax -
international journal of technology and engineering system(ijtes):jan –
march 2011- vol.2.no.2.
[4] Development of Concrete Containing Waste Glass
[5] G. D. Perkins, Civil Engineering Research Unit, Division of Civil &
Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology, University
of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL
[6] The Open Civil Engineering Journal, 2010, 4, 65-71 65 1874-1495/10
2010 Bentham Open.The Use of Sheet Glass Powder as Fine
Aggregate Replacement in Concrete M. Mageswari1,* and Dr.
B.Vidivelli2
[7] GLOBAL CEMENT to 2020, report on world production and
consumption of cement by International cement review.(Dec. 2007),
201-203.
[8] Hawkins, G. J., Bhatty, J. I and O‟Hare, A. T., Cement kiln dust
production, management and disposal, Portland Cement Association,
PCA, R&D No. 2737, 2003.
[9] P. C. PARIS and G. C. SIH, ASTM STP 381 (American Society for
Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1965)p. 30.
BIOGRAPHIES
He is now working as an assistant
professor of civil Engg. Dept., R.V.S
Technical Campus. He finished his
B.E.(CIVIL) in Periyar Maniammai
University and doing his M.E (structural
engg.) in karpagam university,
Coimbatore.
She is percusing M.E construction
engineering and management. in R.V.S
Technical Campus. She completed her
B.E.(civil) in avinashilingam university
for women,Coimbatore
She is percusing M.E construction
engineering and management. in R.V.S
Technical Campus., Coimbatore. She
completed her B.E.(civil) in PSR college
of engineering and rechnology at
sivakasi .