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1
World Bank Knowledge
Sharing Event
Building Blocks for
Knowledge
Management
June 24, 2004
2
Module Objectives
• To share knowledge about the ‘building
blocks’ and ‘stumbling blocks’ of Knowledge
Management
• USAID perspective
• New frameworks
• Participants’ perspective
3
This morning’s activities…
Panel Presentation: short,
focused presentation of a
frameworks with implications for
KM
Small Group Discussion: how
applicable is the idea based on
your perspective and experience
Feedback: Collection and
presentation of your views
Voting: What’s most important,
collective recommendations
4
Session Agenda
9:30 – 9:50 Introduction
- Module
- USAID KfD Strategy
- Building Blocks
9:50 – 10:50 Building Blocks Panel
Presentation
- Culture
- Change Management
- Governance
- Measurement
Q&A
10:50 – 11:05 Coffee Break
11:05 – 12:05 Small Group Discussion
12:05 – 12:50 Presentation of Recommendations
- Plenary debrief, Q&A
12:50 – 1:00 Session Wrap-up
- Multi-voting
5
• World wide deployment
• Knowledge in many places
• Workforce turnover
• Presidential Management Agenda
(PMA) Initiative
Why KfD for USAID?
The Right Knowledge to the Right Person at the Right Time
in support of the Agency Mission
6
USAID has three “faces”:
 The Field
– On the ground: Development assistance/Disaster
relief
– The “public” face
 The Strategic
– Defining Agency policy, Bureau and Country
Strategies and Program Plans
– The “USG” face
 The Operational
– Administrative organizations and processes
– Providing support functions of the Agency
– The “hidden” face
What we found….
Each person sees their role different depending on which “face” they represent!
7
The Extended Enterprise
Knowledge for mission success is often not within USAID itself
NGOs, PVOs,
Think Tanks,
Universities,
Grantees Beneficiaries in
Developing
Countries
Congress,
State Dept.,
The Public,
OMB, NSC,
The President
Other Donors,
Co-Financers
Contractors in US &
Developing Countries
Technical & Sector
Councils.
Advisory Committees
DOD, HHS,
Commerce,
Treasury,
USDA,
etc.
Stakeholders
Federal Leads,
Partners
Implementing
Partners, Suppliers
Ultimate
Customers
Funding Partners
USAID
FS, GS
Retirees
8
The KfD Strategy Strategic ObjectivesThe KfD Strategy Strategic Objectives
• SO1 – Knowledge accessed and
leveraged across the extended
enterprise
• SO2 – Strengthened strategic
operations of the Agency
• SO3 – Knowledge-based high
performing workforce achieved
9
Our Governance
10
ContentContent
CollaborationCollaboration
LearningLearning
ExpertiseExpertise
PortalPortal
CommunityCommunity
MissionMission
PartnersPartners
USAID / WUSAID / W
Knowledge for Development
11
USAID Knowledge for Development
Program Architecture
People
Technology
Process
Change Management
Assessments Interventions Communications Training
Program Management
KfD Project
Planning,
Tracking,
Reporting
KfD Metrics
and
Performance
Monitoring
Knowledge Mapping
Process
Analysis
Explicit
Knowledge
Identification
Tacit
Knowledge
Identification
AAL
Learn
Before
Learn
During
Learn
After
Meta Data
Subject
Taxonomy
Enterprise
Taxonomy
Development
Marketplace
Portal
CoP
Community
Support
- Facilitation
- Web
Services
- Advisory
Services
Community
Development
- Planning
- Facilitation
myknowledge
@USAID
Yellow
Pages
Explicit
Knowledge
Resources
Tacit
Knowledge
Resources
Expertise
USAID
Documents
and Websites
Partner
Documents
and Websites
Activity
Documents
and Websites
USAID Extranet
Enterprise Content Management - Records Management
Collaboration Software
KfD
Strategy
Refinement
External Information Access
Information Access
Search
Lessons
Learned
Database
USAID KfD
Building Blocks
Change
Management
• Culture
• Leadership
• Incentives
• Communication
Program
Management
• Governance
• Measurement
12
Building blocks
• At its core,
development is all
about knowledge
sharing
• Severe constraints
force focus on
knowledge
• New structures
(strategic programs,
peer relationships,
teams) should put
premium on knowledge
sharing
13
Stumbling blocks
• Cross-
organizational
constraints more
limiting than
expected
• The personal
characteristics
that are attracted
to change, and to
knowledge sharing,
are not necessarily
those promoted in
organizations
14
Panel Introduction
• Culture – Social Capital
– Joe Rabenstine and Omar Azfar
• Change Management – Politics
– Gary Vaughan and Tony Pryor
• Governance – KM Org Models
– John Crager
• Measurement – Strategy Maps
– Jeff Malick and Joe Rabenstine
15
Panel Presentations - Culture
A Development Framework for Social Capital
– Joe Rabenstine
– Omar Azfar
• Social Capital in KM/KS
• Azfar and Subrick Model
• Implications for KM/KS
16
“Social capital trumps all”, Larry Prusak
Knowledge management is
heavily dependent on an
organization’s ability to
build social capital
among its employees
Social capital is the
(economic) value
created by maintaining
and sustaining
relationships inside and
outside the organization
Connections – the ties
between people
Relations
- the interpersonal
dynamics between
individuals
Shared Context
- common
understanding of
language and events
17
The issue…
• How can we measure and assess social
capital?
• What are its dimensions?
• What frameworks can be used beyond
the organizational boundaries?
• How does social capital impact the core
processes of our organizations?
18
A Framework From Development
“Social capital, governance and growth:
Results from a Cross-Country Panel
Dataset on Six Dimensions of Social
Capital”, Omar Azafar and Robert Subrick
– IRIS Center University of Maryland, 2004
– Notice of EGAT presentation shared by DIS
colleague (a ‘knowledge accident’)
– Definition and measurement and impact on
behaviors
19
“In this paper we try to measure* some of
the individual components of social
capital…”
“Levels of trust and trustworthiness vary
greatly across countries.”
– Trust
– Spiritual capital
– Rule compliance
– Membership in organizations
– Activism
– Confidence in public institutions
*Data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey
“different aspects of social capital can affect
economic activity in different ways”
20
Assumptions
• Identification of factors likely to affect behavior
• Questions chosen to construct the social capital
indicators
• Investigate correlations across the six dimensions
• Comparison of effects of social capital by country
• Effects on economic growth and changes in
government
• Changes in social capital over time
• Correlations across the six dimensions
Analysis
21
Findings…
• Large and significant correlations on specific
questions
• These components are a coherent measure
of a kind of social capital
• Different components do not appear closely
related
• Regional differences exist
And considerations…
• Dimensions of social capital that are
relevant to KM/KS behaviors
• Measurement and validation
• Social capital within organizations/within
client countries
22
Panel Presentation – Incentives,
Leadership and Communications
A Perspective on Change Management
– Gary Vaughan
– Tony Pryor
• Politics
• Politics
• More Politics
23
Building Blocks of Knowledge-Sharing: A
Political Perspective by Gary Vaughan
The Political Context…
• Government is all about power/politics
• Mix of Electoral, bureaucratic, professional
competition
• Result: a frenzied, volatile environment
• Challenge: how to focus, progress with KM
• Metaphor: “seals in a shark tank”
24
The Thesis
• KM is like “running for office”
• You need to “win votes for change”
• KM strategies and concepts are
secondary to coping with organizational
politics
• Implications for KM: opportunism,
momentum, “popular” results
• Metaphor: Apply KM in a competitive
“jungle”
25
Need for Traction, Momentum
• Majority of staff need to support KM
(“without realizing it!”)
• Group activities crucial (need a “stage”)
• Need broad results vs. isolated
successes (to “stoke” organizational
momentum)
• Measurement? Simple! KM succeeds
when a lot of people say so!
26
KM Professional’s Role
• What you’re not:
– “Knowledge doctor”
– Senior Technocrat
– Joan of Arc! (“crash
and burn”)
• What you are:
– Spark Plug
– Broker
– Thomas Edison!
(“trial and error”…
but looking for that
popular ‘light bulb’
result!)
27
Panel Presentation – Governance
The Basics of KM Governance and Structure
– John Crager
• Steering Committee
• Advisory Board
• Central Support
• Design Teams
28
KM Governance Structure
29
Panel Presentation – Measurement
Strategy Maps – Objectives, Performance
and Accountability
– Jeff Malick
– Joe Rabenstine
• Mapping objectives to the Balanced
Scorecard
• Linking objectives to projects and processes
• Using existing measures of projects and
processes to measure KM performance
30
31
What to map?
• Enterprise Business strategy / objectives
• Business unit strategy / objectives
• Program strategy / objectives
– E.g., Knowledge management program
• Focus on objectives and how they relate to each
other – the specifics of what you want to
accomplish
Why map?
• Strategy drives performance
• Monitor the progress of what matters
• Understand the ‘why’ behind performance to
make best decisions to put strategy in action
32
Linkage to projects and processes
• Objectives map to projects
• Projects map to processes
What to measure
• Use current process metrics
• Don’t create new measures and mechanisms for
recording them
Considerations…
• Measurement of KM programs/projects
• Attribution / cause and effect
33
Clarifying
Questions for the
Panelists
34
Small Group Discussion Tasks
After your break…
• Re-group at your assigned tables
– Two tables per panel topic
• Consider and discuss the ideas shared by the panelists
– Identify someone to capture ideas on flip charts
– All ideas are good ideas!
• Your facilitator will lead discussions on the topic assigned
to your table
– Building Blocks (2 – 4)
– Stumbling Blocks (1-3)
– Next steps and implications
• Develop summary for plenary presentation (3 – 5 minutes)
– Building Blocks (2)
– Stumbling Blocks (1)
– Next steps and implications

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USAID Knowledge Management Building Blocks

  • 1. 1 World Bank Knowledge Sharing Event Building Blocks for Knowledge Management June 24, 2004
  • 2. 2 Module Objectives • To share knowledge about the ‘building blocks’ and ‘stumbling blocks’ of Knowledge Management • USAID perspective • New frameworks • Participants’ perspective
  • 3. 3 This morning’s activities… Panel Presentation: short, focused presentation of a frameworks with implications for KM Small Group Discussion: how applicable is the idea based on your perspective and experience Feedback: Collection and presentation of your views Voting: What’s most important, collective recommendations
  • 4. 4 Session Agenda 9:30 – 9:50 Introduction - Module - USAID KfD Strategy - Building Blocks 9:50 – 10:50 Building Blocks Panel Presentation - Culture - Change Management - Governance - Measurement Q&A 10:50 – 11:05 Coffee Break 11:05 – 12:05 Small Group Discussion 12:05 – 12:50 Presentation of Recommendations - Plenary debrief, Q&A 12:50 – 1:00 Session Wrap-up - Multi-voting
  • 5. 5 • World wide deployment • Knowledge in many places • Workforce turnover • Presidential Management Agenda (PMA) Initiative Why KfD for USAID? The Right Knowledge to the Right Person at the Right Time in support of the Agency Mission
  • 6. 6 USAID has three “faces”:  The Field – On the ground: Development assistance/Disaster relief – The “public” face  The Strategic – Defining Agency policy, Bureau and Country Strategies and Program Plans – The “USG” face  The Operational – Administrative organizations and processes – Providing support functions of the Agency – The “hidden” face What we found…. Each person sees their role different depending on which “face” they represent!
  • 7. 7 The Extended Enterprise Knowledge for mission success is often not within USAID itself NGOs, PVOs, Think Tanks, Universities, Grantees Beneficiaries in Developing Countries Congress, State Dept., The Public, OMB, NSC, The President Other Donors, Co-Financers Contractors in US & Developing Countries Technical & Sector Councils. Advisory Committees DOD, HHS, Commerce, Treasury, USDA, etc. Stakeholders Federal Leads, Partners Implementing Partners, Suppliers Ultimate Customers Funding Partners USAID FS, GS Retirees
  • 8. 8 The KfD Strategy Strategic ObjectivesThe KfD Strategy Strategic Objectives • SO1 – Knowledge accessed and leveraged across the extended enterprise • SO2 – Strengthened strategic operations of the Agency • SO3 – Knowledge-based high performing workforce achieved
  • 11. 11 USAID Knowledge for Development Program Architecture People Technology Process Change Management Assessments Interventions Communications Training Program Management KfD Project Planning, Tracking, Reporting KfD Metrics and Performance Monitoring Knowledge Mapping Process Analysis Explicit Knowledge Identification Tacit Knowledge Identification AAL Learn Before Learn During Learn After Meta Data Subject Taxonomy Enterprise Taxonomy Development Marketplace Portal CoP Community Support - Facilitation - Web Services - Advisory Services Community Development - Planning - Facilitation myknowledge @USAID Yellow Pages Explicit Knowledge Resources Tacit Knowledge Resources Expertise USAID Documents and Websites Partner Documents and Websites Activity Documents and Websites USAID Extranet Enterprise Content Management - Records Management Collaboration Software KfD Strategy Refinement External Information Access Information Access Search Lessons Learned Database USAID KfD Building Blocks Change Management • Culture • Leadership • Incentives • Communication Program Management • Governance • Measurement
  • 12. 12 Building blocks • At its core, development is all about knowledge sharing • Severe constraints force focus on knowledge • New structures (strategic programs, peer relationships, teams) should put premium on knowledge sharing
  • 13. 13 Stumbling blocks • Cross- organizational constraints more limiting than expected • The personal characteristics that are attracted to change, and to knowledge sharing, are not necessarily those promoted in organizations
  • 14. 14 Panel Introduction • Culture – Social Capital – Joe Rabenstine and Omar Azfar • Change Management – Politics – Gary Vaughan and Tony Pryor • Governance – KM Org Models – John Crager • Measurement – Strategy Maps – Jeff Malick and Joe Rabenstine
  • 15. 15 Panel Presentations - Culture A Development Framework for Social Capital – Joe Rabenstine – Omar Azfar • Social Capital in KM/KS • Azfar and Subrick Model • Implications for KM/KS
  • 16. 16 “Social capital trumps all”, Larry Prusak Knowledge management is heavily dependent on an organization’s ability to build social capital among its employees Social capital is the (economic) value created by maintaining and sustaining relationships inside and outside the organization Connections – the ties between people Relations - the interpersonal dynamics between individuals Shared Context - common understanding of language and events
  • 17. 17 The issue… • How can we measure and assess social capital? • What are its dimensions? • What frameworks can be used beyond the organizational boundaries? • How does social capital impact the core processes of our organizations?
  • 18. 18 A Framework From Development “Social capital, governance and growth: Results from a Cross-Country Panel Dataset on Six Dimensions of Social Capital”, Omar Azafar and Robert Subrick – IRIS Center University of Maryland, 2004 – Notice of EGAT presentation shared by DIS colleague (a ‘knowledge accident’) – Definition and measurement and impact on behaviors
  • 19. 19 “In this paper we try to measure* some of the individual components of social capital…” “Levels of trust and trustworthiness vary greatly across countries.” – Trust – Spiritual capital – Rule compliance – Membership in organizations – Activism – Confidence in public institutions *Data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey “different aspects of social capital can affect economic activity in different ways”
  • 20. 20 Assumptions • Identification of factors likely to affect behavior • Questions chosen to construct the social capital indicators • Investigate correlations across the six dimensions • Comparison of effects of social capital by country • Effects on economic growth and changes in government • Changes in social capital over time • Correlations across the six dimensions Analysis
  • 21. 21 Findings… • Large and significant correlations on specific questions • These components are a coherent measure of a kind of social capital • Different components do not appear closely related • Regional differences exist And considerations… • Dimensions of social capital that are relevant to KM/KS behaviors • Measurement and validation • Social capital within organizations/within client countries
  • 22. 22 Panel Presentation – Incentives, Leadership and Communications A Perspective on Change Management – Gary Vaughan – Tony Pryor • Politics • Politics • More Politics
  • 23. 23 Building Blocks of Knowledge-Sharing: A Political Perspective by Gary Vaughan The Political Context… • Government is all about power/politics • Mix of Electoral, bureaucratic, professional competition • Result: a frenzied, volatile environment • Challenge: how to focus, progress with KM • Metaphor: “seals in a shark tank”
  • 24. 24 The Thesis • KM is like “running for office” • You need to “win votes for change” • KM strategies and concepts are secondary to coping with organizational politics • Implications for KM: opportunism, momentum, “popular” results • Metaphor: Apply KM in a competitive “jungle”
  • 25. 25 Need for Traction, Momentum • Majority of staff need to support KM (“without realizing it!”) • Group activities crucial (need a “stage”) • Need broad results vs. isolated successes (to “stoke” organizational momentum) • Measurement? Simple! KM succeeds when a lot of people say so!
  • 26. 26 KM Professional’s Role • What you’re not: – “Knowledge doctor” – Senior Technocrat – Joan of Arc! (“crash and burn”) • What you are: – Spark Plug – Broker – Thomas Edison! (“trial and error”… but looking for that popular ‘light bulb’ result!)
  • 27. 27 Panel Presentation – Governance The Basics of KM Governance and Structure – John Crager • Steering Committee • Advisory Board • Central Support • Design Teams
  • 29. 29 Panel Presentation – Measurement Strategy Maps – Objectives, Performance and Accountability – Jeff Malick – Joe Rabenstine • Mapping objectives to the Balanced Scorecard • Linking objectives to projects and processes • Using existing measures of projects and processes to measure KM performance
  • 30. 30
  • 31. 31 What to map? • Enterprise Business strategy / objectives • Business unit strategy / objectives • Program strategy / objectives – E.g., Knowledge management program • Focus on objectives and how they relate to each other – the specifics of what you want to accomplish Why map? • Strategy drives performance • Monitor the progress of what matters • Understand the ‘why’ behind performance to make best decisions to put strategy in action
  • 32. 32 Linkage to projects and processes • Objectives map to projects • Projects map to processes What to measure • Use current process metrics • Don’t create new measures and mechanisms for recording them Considerations… • Measurement of KM programs/projects • Attribution / cause and effect
  • 34. 34 Small Group Discussion Tasks After your break… • Re-group at your assigned tables – Two tables per panel topic • Consider and discuss the ideas shared by the panelists – Identify someone to capture ideas on flip charts – All ideas are good ideas! • Your facilitator will lead discussions on the topic assigned to your table – Building Blocks (2 – 4) – Stumbling Blocks (1-3) – Next steps and implications • Develop summary for plenary presentation (3 – 5 minutes) – Building Blocks (2) – Stumbling Blocks (1) – Next steps and implications

Editor's Notes

  1. In their 2001 book The Strategy-Focused Organization, Kaplan and Norton transformed their Balanced Scorecard, introduced in 1992 in the Harvard Business Review as a performance measurement system, to a strategic management system. A Strategy Map is a diagram that describes how an organization creates value by connecting strategic objectives in explicit cause-and-effect relationship with each other in the four BSC objectives (financial, customer, processes, learning and growth).