The document summarizes studies of urban stream revitalization projects in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Seoul, South Korea. For Kuala Lumpur's Klang River, issues included pollution and declining use. The River of Life program aims to clean the river and develop its banks to increase economic activity. In Seoul, the Cheonggyecheon Stream was buried due to development but was restored in 2005. This reduced flooding, traffic, and pollution while boosting property values and tourism. Both projects show how revitalizing urban streams can improve the environment, economy and livability of cities.
Conservation is not just a result of few years but work and dedication of centuries. With every good, there certainly follows bad but focusing on the positives and addressing the bad is what drives us to the future; in this case the future for our past.
Urban morphology approaches human settlements as generally unconscious products that
emerge over long periods, through the accrual of successive generations of building activity.
This leaves traces that serve to structure subsequent building activity and provide
opportunities and constraints for city-building processes, such as land subdivision,
infrastructure development, or building construction. Articulating and analysing the logic of
these traces is the central question of urban morphology. Urban morphology is not generally
object-centered, in that it emphasizes the relationships between components of the city. We
will be discussing in detail about the urban morphology of the Chennai metropolitan.
An Overview of the City Beautiful Movement - An architectural manifestation of the social response to failing urban life.
Contains details regarding the origin, key characteristics, architects and major cities involved, along with the following case studies :
- Mcmillan Plan
- Plan of Chicago and
- City of Minneapolis.
Local policies and strategies designed to deal with urban decline, decay or transformation are termed as urban renewal.
It is a comprehensive and integrated vision and action which leads to the resolution of urban problems and which seeks to bring about a lasting improvement in the economic, physical, social and environmental conditions of an area that has been subject to change’
With the decision and authority of a governing municipality, rearranging land use, function and ownership features of a socially, economically or structurally decayed part of a certain city .
such as slum zones or brown fields, for the purpose of obtaining a desired, well organized neighbourhood.
Conservation is not just a result of few years but work and dedication of centuries. With every good, there certainly follows bad but focusing on the positives and addressing the bad is what drives us to the future; in this case the future for our past.
Urban morphology approaches human settlements as generally unconscious products that
emerge over long periods, through the accrual of successive generations of building activity.
This leaves traces that serve to structure subsequent building activity and provide
opportunities and constraints for city-building processes, such as land subdivision,
infrastructure development, or building construction. Articulating and analysing the logic of
these traces is the central question of urban morphology. Urban morphology is not generally
object-centered, in that it emphasizes the relationships between components of the city. We
will be discussing in detail about the urban morphology of the Chennai metropolitan.
An Overview of the City Beautiful Movement - An architectural manifestation of the social response to failing urban life.
Contains details regarding the origin, key characteristics, architects and major cities involved, along with the following case studies :
- Mcmillan Plan
- Plan of Chicago and
- City of Minneapolis.
Local policies and strategies designed to deal with urban decline, decay or transformation are termed as urban renewal.
It is a comprehensive and integrated vision and action which leads to the resolution of urban problems and which seeks to bring about a lasting improvement in the economic, physical, social and environmental conditions of an area that has been subject to change’
With the decision and authority of a governing municipality, rearranging land use, function and ownership features of a socially, economically or structurally decayed part of a certain city .
such as slum zones or brown fields, for the purpose of obtaining a desired, well organized neighbourhood.
Chennai the fourth largest metropolis in India. Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) extends over 1189 sq.km.and comprises of
Chennai Corporation,
16 Municipalities,
20 Town Panchayats and
214 villages covered in 10 Panchayats Unions
It encompasses the Chennai District (176 sq.km.), part of Thiruvallur District (637 sq.km.) and a part of Kancheepuram District (376 sq.km.).
The first large-scale elaboration of the City Beautiful occurred in Chicago at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition. The planning of the exposition was directed by architect Daniel Burnham, who hired architects from the eastern United States, as well as the sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens, to build large-scale Beaux-Arts monuments that were vaguely classical with uniform cornice height. The exposition displayed a model city of grand scale, known as the "White City", with modern transport systems and no poverty visible. The exposition is credited with resulting in the large-scale adoption of monumentalism for American architecture for the next 15 years. Richmond, Virginia's Monument Avenue is one expression of this initial phase.
THEORY OF URBAN DESIGN
The main analyses focused on project Sishane Park – “a bold shift in urban public space in central Istanbul. Located between the southwestern edge of Beyoglu and the highly trafficked Tarlibasi Road”-From the architect
A/ THEORY OF ROGER TRANCIK
1- FIGURE-GROUND
2- LINKAGE
3- PLACE
B/ THEORY OF KEVIN LYNCH
1- PATH
2- EDGE
3- DISTRICT
4- NODE
5- LANDMARK
KKKH4284 URBAN PLANNING OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
TASK 7 : URBAN RENEWAL
LECTURERS :
PROF. IR. DR. RIZA ATIQ ABDULLAH O.K. RAHMAT
DR. NAZRI BORHAN
DR. NORLIZA MOHD AKHIR
Chennai the fourth largest metropolis in India. Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) extends over 1189 sq.km.and comprises of
Chennai Corporation,
16 Municipalities,
20 Town Panchayats and
214 villages covered in 10 Panchayats Unions
It encompasses the Chennai District (176 sq.km.), part of Thiruvallur District (637 sq.km.) and a part of Kancheepuram District (376 sq.km.).
The first large-scale elaboration of the City Beautiful occurred in Chicago at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition. The planning of the exposition was directed by architect Daniel Burnham, who hired architects from the eastern United States, as well as the sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens, to build large-scale Beaux-Arts monuments that were vaguely classical with uniform cornice height. The exposition displayed a model city of grand scale, known as the "White City", with modern transport systems and no poverty visible. The exposition is credited with resulting in the large-scale adoption of monumentalism for American architecture for the next 15 years. Richmond, Virginia's Monument Avenue is one expression of this initial phase.
THEORY OF URBAN DESIGN
The main analyses focused on project Sishane Park – “a bold shift in urban public space in central Istanbul. Located between the southwestern edge of Beyoglu and the highly trafficked Tarlibasi Road”-From the architect
A/ THEORY OF ROGER TRANCIK
1- FIGURE-GROUND
2- LINKAGE
3- PLACE
B/ THEORY OF KEVIN LYNCH
1- PATH
2- EDGE
3- DISTRICT
4- NODE
5- LANDMARK
KKKH4284 URBAN PLANNING OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
TASK 7 : URBAN RENEWAL
LECTURERS :
PROF. IR. DR. RIZA ATIQ ABDULLAH O.K. RAHMAT
DR. NAZRI BORHAN
DR. NORLIZA MOHD AKHIR
This presentation was given by MANIT Bhopal for "Samavesh" - XVl Annual NOSPlan Convention. The Theme of Presentation - "Accessibility in Peri-urban area".
High Performance Trees for Conservation, Restoration, Mitigation, Wetlands, Urban and Habitat using the patented, non-GMO "Root Production Method®" achieving 90+% survival; up to 3x growth of bare root seedlings and early flowering, seed, nut and fruit production
The restoration of this degraded, urban stream yields ecological function and value while providing high school students with hands-on environmental science experience and an enriching, living outdoor classroom. Participants will learn from this real-life example how city officials can work with a local school districts to empower students to restore habitat, while ensuring the protection of downstream property and preventing flooding.
Colorado water conservation board and great outdoors colorado funding sources...rshimoda2014
These are two presentations from a panel moderated by Amy Beattie, Colorado Water Trust. Panelists included Josh Tenneson, Great Outdoors Colorado; Chris Sturm, Colorado Water Conservation Board; Caroline Bradford, Understanding Water Resources; Toby Sprunk, Eagle County Open Space; and Laura Makar, Pitkin County, Colorado
Edinburgh Urban streetscape construction setAcr0well
Management of design from producing tender set to issuing construction documents in a multiple consultant design flow process. Original design by others.
Urban scale retrofitting in the conservation of Georgian buildings in Edinbur...JISC GECO
Presentation on Urban scale retrofitting in the conservation of Georgian buildings in Edinburgh given by Cristina Gonzalez-Longo and Dimitris Theodossopoulos, both from the School of Architecture at the University of Edinburgh, as part of the JISC GECO/STEEV Green Energy Tech Event (#e3vis) on Thursday 13th October 2011.
Royal Mile Great Location nr Castle for Business, Holiday and Short Breaks -
Fully serviced 2 bedroom apartment. Spacious, fun view, bright and sunny. Quiet, traffic free square. World Heritage Old Town central location on Royal Mile. Close to Castle, station and shops. Street performances, restaurants etc. on doorstep.
Daylighting the Amorsolo Creek - Participatory Design and the Revival of an U...Rodelon Ramos
Daylighting the Amorsolo Creek - Participatory Design and the Revival of an Urban Waterway in Makati CBD
Author: Rodelon Ramos, Master of Architecture, University of the Philippines Diliman
In this presentation we mainly focus on Redevelopment and its methodology, discussion of TWC (Third World Countries) redevelopment strategies, planners activity for redevelopment, An overview of gradual change on Dhaka city from the old (Basically on Land use and Transportation) and International Case study.
Kuala Lumpur Waterfront: A Public Place for All? drboon
As one of the efforts to improve the quality of living environment in the city centre, revitalisation of the Kuala Lumpur waterfront was announced as one of the nine Entry Point Projects in the Economic Transformation Programme. This is an opportunity to revive the public place that used to be a trading post. When the function of the river changes from being the life line for the city to the city’s backyard, the use of this waterfront space was affected. This paper aims to examine the user’s perception on the accessibility of the Kuala Lumpur waterfront. Using the qualitative approach, the focus group technique was employed. The findings suggested that poor access to the waterfront has affected the use of the waterfront. The research inferred the importance to consider public access at the waterfront by future decision makers in reviving this priceless public place for all.
Lake front property is very expensive because many people want access to the water for creation. Lakes and water bodies have always attracted and shaped many urban development resulting close and integrated water city relation.Our study area is kanelav.
A brief through the content and purpose of Architect Act 1967, Architect Rules 1996, Scale of Minimum Fees (Architect Rules 2010). Covering the law and practices concern and case study on the application of Architect Act 1967 & Architect Rules 2010.
Credit to the team:
KIM ZHAO WEI
LIM SIAW YEN
PATRICK CHHOA
LEE SAI FONG
ELAINE LEE MEI LIAN
KOK LEAN KEAT
(Master of Architecture, UTM)
Social Culture, Arts & People Study in Johor BahruZhao Wei Kim
This is a social cultural study that focused on the art elements of Johor Bahru that affect the place's local community, social culture, architecture and social economy. It also included case study about successful art revitalization that suitable to be implemented in the state's social cultural development. There were also several issues highlighted with thorough analysis and synthesis, aiming to establish a guideline for the architects and developers to design accordingly.
Credit to the great team that made this report available:
Cheah, Elaine, Hajar, Lee, Patrick, Kim, Athirah
(Master of Architecture UTM)
Agri-Market Hall in Melaka - UTM M.Arch Final Thesis DesignZhao Wei Kim
A design proposal that aims to revitalize a secondary town in Melaka (Masjid Tanah) into a gastronomy-themed town. In terms of architectural contribution, it redefines how a community center could be, a hybrid of an industrial vertical farm with the existing local market and other supplementary communal facilities. Playing with the organic and welcoming spaces of communal function with the rigid and systematic spaces of industrial vertical farming function, it has a unique and one of a kind image to portray for the local and to the nation. A strong statement for the town to pursue sustainability in terms of environment and more importantly social economy.
Video Link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIOvktDLWws
CITY OF IMPERMANENCE & CHANGE - PAM MASTERCLASS 2016Zhao Wei Kim
A team work proposal about architecture for the 21st century. We explore through defining how will human communicate, behave and live in near future. We found that things that is permanent no longer possess much sustainability. Elements of impermanence and agility are favorable for the coming future. Hence, the proposed design oriented around the concept of being agile, designing the future living environment for the people of Sentul, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Credit to the awesome team members:
NOR AZZIKRI BIN NOR AZMAN – UIA
WONG ZHI ZHONG - UTM
LUQMAN HARRIS BIN AHMAD TARMIZI - UPM
CHE NORASHIKIN BINTI AHMAD AZMI - USM
CHIA SUE HWA - TAYLOR
TAN LING RONG - TAYLOR
KIM ZHAO WEI – UTM (LEADER)
Passive Fire Protection According to UBBL MalaysiaZhao Wei Kim
Design and Application of passive fire protection stated in Uniform Building By-Laws of Malaysia. It contains graphical guidance to make the law items easier to comprehend and apply.
Credit to: UTM alumni
High rise Office Building Technical Design Guidelines in MalaysiaZhao Wei Kim
A compilation of Malaysia's high-rise office building design guideline on the technicality, especially on fire fighting requirements and other relevant services.
Credit to: UTM Lecturer
Contract implementation and management phase in Malaysia Construction PracticeZhao Wei Kim
A brief layout of the contract implementation and management phase's components. The components are to be well versed within the consultancy service firms and contractors.
THE DESIGN OF LOUVERS AS SHADING DEVICE & FAÇADE TREATMENT TO OPTIMIZE DAYLI...Zhao Wei Kim
In the tropical climate, it is challenging when dealing with glaring and hot sunlight. Louvers had become one of the strategies to overcome the heat and glare.
A brief through the content and purpose of Architect Act 1967, Architect Rules 1996, Scale of Minimum Fees (Architect Rules 2010). Important for the graduates that going to practice architectural consultancy services in the real world industry.
Desire-Value-Learn, A lifelong Adventure of OurselvesZhao Wei Kim
There are many of us, the young generation who felt so lost for our future. We have no idea what are we going to do, how we will survive in this competitive world and worst, we don't even know what we really want. This presentation hopes to give a kickstart for those who are pursuing their tertiary study to think about their future and seek for their desire deep down their heart. All the best for all!
Inter-Farm-Market Proposal Presentation Slides - AVF Summit 2016Zhao Wei Kim
Proposal presentation slides of the winning project for the Association for Vertical Farming Award 2016 which was presented in the AVF Summit 2016, Amsterdam, Netherlands. The proposal features an vertical farm ecosystem that could revitalize the town's economy and culture and lead the country into a sustainable, circular economy in terms of agricultural production.
Book Formatting: Quality Control Checks for DesignersConfidence Ago
This presentation was made to help designers who work in publishing houses or format books for printing ensure quality.
Quality control is vital to every industry. This is why every department in a company need create a method they use in ensuring quality. This, perhaps, will not only improve the quality of products and bring errors to the barest minimum, but take it to a near perfect finish.
It is beyond a moot point that a good book will somewhat be judged by its cover, but the content of the book remains king. No matter how beautiful the cover, if the quality of writing or presentation is off, that will be a reason for readers not to come back to the book or recommend it.
So, this presentation points designers to some important things that may be missed by an editor that they could eventually discover and call the attention of the editor.
Hello everyone! I am thrilled to present my latest portfolio on LinkedIn, marking the culmination of my architectural journey thus far. Over the span of five years, I've been fortunate to acquire a wealth of knowledge under the guidance of esteemed professors and industry mentors. From rigorous academic pursuits to practical engagements, each experience has contributed to my growth and refinement as an architecture student. This portfolio not only showcases my projects but also underscores my attention to detail and to innovative architecture as a profession.
EASY TUTORIAL OF HOW TO USE CAPCUT BY: FEBLESS HERNANEFebless Hernane
CapCut is an easy-to-use video editing app perfect for beginners. To start, download and open CapCut on your phone. Tap "New Project" and select the videos or photos you want to edit. You can trim clips by dragging the edges, add text by tapping "Text," and include music by selecting "Audio." Enhance your video with filters and effects from the "Effects" menu. When you're happy with your video, tap the export button to save and share it. CapCut makes video editing simple and fun for everyone!
Visual Style and Aesthetics: Basics of Visual Design
Visual Design for Enterprise Applications
Range of Visual Styles.
Mobile Interfaces:
Challenges and Opportunities of Mobile Design
Approach to Mobile Design
Patterns
1. URBAN STREAM
STUDY REPORT
T H E F O R G O T T E N R I V E R
Assignment 2 - Presentation
KIM ZHAO WEI
LAI CHUEN KET
2. Table of Contents
1. Introduction
a) Defining What is Urban Stream
b) Scope of Study
c) Aim of Study
d) Objectives of Study
2. Revitalization
a) What is it about?
b) Changes, does it matter?
3. Case Studies – The Tangible & Intangible, Critical Study about The Water Body
a) Klang River, Malaysia
b) Cheonggyecheon Stream, South Korea
4. Conclusion
5. References
3. Urban stream is once a natural waterways which flow through a heavy
populated area such as a city or a housing area. The urban stream
often polluted by urban runoff and sewer outflow.
Rapid Development changed the characters of an urban stream with
modern materials use as lining stream bed to counter river bank erosion
and also alter the flow of the stream to counter flooding within the area
(Information and Advisory Note Number 21 , 1996).
Able to become place for recreation park of sports and social cohesion
purpose. It is also a places for mental well being such as nature
elements able to help people in stress relief.
Due the fast growing city causes the stream conceal or buried
underground and these stream used as a buried sewer-like pipes (Brian
Clark Howard).
In the end, there are city taking steps to make use of the stream by
revitalize it for better urban living.
What is urban stream?
4. Scope of Study
The scope of the study shall cover understanding on how an urban stream affect an
urban development. Although the study has find out some preliminary findings, but
there are several limitation that constraint during the research.
The main limitation are express as follows:
1. Study area only cover the urban stream most influential region.
2. The expected outcome for an urban stream revitalization program may be
different when it finish.
5. Aim of Study
To study
REVITALIZATION
of
URBAN STREAM
In the context of urban development
6. Study Questions
What is the history background and relationship between the urban city and the stream?
What benefits do we get from the revitalization of urban stream?
What challenges did they face to pull out the revitalization?
7. Objectives of Study
To understand the morphology of the revitalization of urban stream.
To study about the issues that existed in terms of the urban context that
drive the revitalization of urban stream.
To research on the strategies that had been carried out or suggested to
resolve the issues faced in the urban context.
13. Introduction – Background History
Key Points of
Seoul Urban Development Project:
- Preserve or restore
- Solve the flooding problem
- Increasing traffic with serious congestion
- Merchants’ business deteriorate
- 150m of upstream development
- Completed on 1st October 2005
- Cheonggyecheon was biggest commercial area
15. Issues & Strategies
Rapid Urbanization
1953 – GDP (67USD per capita)
2013 – GDP (25,977USD per capita)
Malaysia’s GDP in 2013 – (10,538USD per capita)
387% in 60 years
17. Issues & Strategies
Safety Issues of Infrastructure
Highway structure condition deteriorate due to poor maintenance and high cost in effort to maintain.
Only small cars are allowed since 1997.
Maintenance cost 50M USD per annum (1994-99)
Source: SMG
18. Issues & Strategies
Declining Old CBD
Population reduced by 10,000
Employment reduced by 80,000 within 10 years
Gangnam as new CBD
Lost Competitiveness
19. Issues & Strategies
How to solve the problems (Issues)?
Restoration project for Cheonggyecheon Stream (July 2002)
With intentionof
• Paradigm shift of urban management
• Development to high quality of life
• Environment friendly city
• Fundamental solution to safety problem
• Recovery of history and culture
• Revitalization of downtown area
• Balanced regional development
21. Issues & Strategies
Considerations
1. Bridge Design – minimize flow resistance, landmark
2. Sewer system – combined rainfall and wastewater, capacity over 3 times of
estimated
3. River Design – Satisfy local river standard (2nd Grade), 200 yrs frequency rainfall
(118mm/hr)
4. Landscape Design – urban to natural, ecology biotop
5. Historical relic restoration – 600 yrs old bridge, etc.
22. Challenges
Transportation & Vehicles
• Urban backbone corridor with
170,000 vehicles per day
• Improve traffic system (new road)
• Improve public transport
(subway,bus)
Merchants
• 200,000 merchants (20yrs)
• Access difficulty
(congestion)
• Business decline (noise &
dust)
• Detailed & thorough
meeting & survey on the
markets
• Minimize inconvenience
(technology & car park
nearby)
Discordance Spatial Patterns of Urban
Revitalization
• Controversy on:
• Prioritizing small plots and low buildings for
preservation
• Prioritizing large plots for public space
• Memories of the past & new aspiration of land use
Flood & Technical
Issues
• Speed up
construction with
hi-tech
• Recycling severed
existing materials
(90% recycled)
• Faced flooding
problem 2004 &
caused huge
damage
23. Outcome and Significance
Summarization of the cultural behavior of the visitors:
In year 2006
81.7% - Recreational
8.5% - Social outing
4.7% - Experiencing ecology
1.1% - Experiencing history and heritage
In year 2008
40.6% - Recreational
21.8% - Social outing
10.5% - Dating
10% - Walking
5.7% - Experiencing ecology
2.2% - Experiencing history and heritage
24. Outcome and Significance
• Properties Value Increase – 30-50% (double the rate around Seoul)
• Business increase 2.3% within 1 year (double of downtown Seoul)
• Employment rate +0.8% VS -2.6% (downtown Seoul)
• 64,000 visitors daily
• 1.9mil USD in foreign visitors earning
• R.O.I – 260mil USD construction >> attracted 1.98bil USD (per annum)
(Kim, Koh & Kwon, 2009)
32. Introduction – Background History
Key Points of
Kuala Lumpur Urban Development Project:
- Restore
- Pollution free
- Merchants’ business deteriorate
- 110 kilometers of River Of Life (ROI) project
33. Issues
Pollution
• Milky color and soil erosion from sand washing worsen by
flooding with its river bed become shallower.
• Chase away developments that may benefit from riverside
activities.
34. Issues
Well being
• People from Masjid Jamek able to use the river water as ablution
water.
• To transport and loading unloading fishery to Central Market.
• Become a gathering space and loiter around riverside.
The Star, 2014
• Serious bikers and joggers will applaud the trek from
Sentul to Midvalley, a 10.7km scenic workout.
• Shops and homes understandably now face away from
the waterways, literally putting their backs against Klang
River.
(Economic Transformation Programme)
35. Outcome and Significance
River of Life program started on 2010 is part of the Greater Kuala Lumpur initiative by cleaning 110km
of the Klang River from city center right down to the Straits of Malacca. When completed, there will
be more than 14,000 new homes for 35,000 residents, about one million square meters of
commercial space providing jobs for 27,000 people (The Establishment Post, 2015).
36. Outcome and Significance
Sungai Klang and Sungai Gombak, often described as two of the dirtiest rivers in the country, will be
transformed into iconic waterfronts through the government's plan breathe new life into them, come
2020.
37. To increase economic viability of the area, master planning and beautification
works will be carried out along a 10.7 km stretch along the Klang and Gombak
River corridor with the significant landmarks in the area include
• Dataran Merdeka
• Bangunan Sultan Abdul Samad
• Masjid Jamek
Source : Malaysian Government ETP Programme Chapter 5
Outcome and Significance
38. There will public parks, pedestrian walkways and bicycle lanes built along this stretch, along with the
expected premium shops, restaurants, office buildings, and homes fronting the attractive revitalized
waterway.
Transform the rivers from Class 3 - toxic to touch - into Class 2, or water clean enough for leisure
activities, by 2020. – Aljazeera, 2015
(Performance Management & Delivery Unit (PEMANDU) Associate Director for the NKEA (Greater Kuala Lumpur/Klang Valley)
Krishnavenee Krishnan).
Outcome and Significance
40. References
1. Kang, C, and Cervero, R, 2009. From Elevated Freeway to Urban Greenway: Land Value Impacts of the CGC Project in Seoul, Korea. Urban Studies, Korea.
2. Noh, S., 2006. Cheonggycheon Restroation in Seoul, Presentation at Minato Water Meeting, Tokyo, Japan.
3. Shin, J. and Le, I., November 2006. Cheong Gye Cheon restoration in Seoul, Korea, Civil Engineering 159 pages 162-170 Paper 14775.
4. Lee I.K., Cheong Gye Cheon RestorationProject – a revoltion in Seoul. Seoul Metropolitan Government, Korea.
5. S.K.Lee, H.You and H.R.Kwon, 2015. Knowledge Sharing Forum on Development Experiences: Comparative Experiences of Korea and Latin America and the
Carribean. Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements, Korea.
6. OECD. 2012. OECD Urban Policy Reviews Korea 2012. OECD Publishing.
7. MLTM. 2012. New Town Construction in the Capital Region Progress Status. Seoul, South Korea: Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs of the Republic
of Korea.
8. Llewelyn Davies Yang, Urban Design Compendium, Home and Communities Agency.