This document outlines five visions for how cities may manage water needs and resilience by 2065. Vision 1 depicts cities with more food grown in and on buildings, utilizing highly monitored and managed water systems spanning the city, catchment areas and underground geology to support climate-resilient drainage and food production. Vision 2 features cities designed to withstand sea level rise, extreme rainfall and floodplain expansion through flood-proofing existing areas and building new floating cities. Vision 3 portrays smart homes and networks that optimize water supply and demand through internet-connected appliances and data hubs. Vision 4 describes harnessing deep geology beneath cities for effective drainage, water, heating and cooling infrastructure. Vision 5 shows utility-run programs transitioning communities to more
Urban water governance capacity frameworkEIP Water
Stef Koop presented on an urban water governance capacity framework. The framework assesses the capacity of institutions in cities to solve common water challenges through dimensions like knowledge, monitoring, stakeholder inclusion, and financial considerations. It involves studying literature, interviewing stakeholders, and determining scores for indicators within the dimensions. The framework has been applied to cities around the world to develop "city blueprints" identifying governance strengths and weaknesses. Conclusions emphasize that while technology is important, good governance and citizen involvement are also key to developing intelligent, green, and healthy cities. The presentation aims to improve cities' implementation capacities for water services by sharing best practices.
How the smart city solution could help in urban systems resilience?Isam Shahrour
This conference discusses the urban hazards including natural hazards and how we can combine the resilience approach as well as the smart city solution to cope with the urban hazards challenges
Isam Shahrour conference at Shandong Agricultural University: Smart City for ...Isam Shahrour
The document discusses environmental challenges facing cities and how smart city technologies can help address these issues. It outlines challenges like climate change, water stress, high energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in cities. The smart city concept uses digital technologies like sensors, data analysis and real-time monitoring to optimize management of infrastructure networks, enable more efficient energy and resource use, and provide new services. The document then presents the SunRise project, a large smart city demonstration project in Lille, France involving public and private partners experimenting with smart water, energy and building technologies over a small town area.
Les smart cities font d’ores et déjà l’objet de normes et standards visant à :
Définir des indicateurs de performance et de comparaison
Mettre en place des approches bonnes pratiques dans leurs développements
C’est l’objet de ce document que de présenter une norme ISO et un standard anglo-saxon.
Smart water - a key building block for the smart cityEIP Water
Presentation hold during EIP Water Conference in Porto, as part of the Porto Water Innovation Week in Session 8a “Water and the circular economy, part 3 – cities and water”
Talk of Isam Shahrour at Science Po, Paris TEDx - Let's build Smart Cities fo...Isam Shahrour
Talk of Isam Shahrour at TEDX Sciences Po Paris, November 13, 2015.
The talk concerned the personal engagement of Isam Shahrour in the Smart City implementation and the role of Smart Cities in building a Smart World.
Conference Smart City for developing countries: Why ? and How to Start?Isam Shahrour
Conference of professor Isam Shahrour at Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis (ENIT), Tunis May, 6, 2016.
Isam discusses why developing countries should develop Smart Cities and How to start a Smart City Project.
discusses why developing countries should develop Smart Cities and How to start a Smart City Project.
Isam shahrour conference "Smart Water" at Shandong - China (translated in Ch...Isam Shahrour
Conference of Isam Shahrour (Smart Water- lessons learned from 4-years of large experimentation) at the hydrology office of Shandong province, in charge of the management of water resources for 100 million inhabitants.
Around 100 researchers, senior engineers and engineers attended this conference. The conference focused on water challenges, Smart water concept, water network monitoring, SmartWater4Europe, lessons learned from the SunRise Smart City demonstrator.
Translation in Chinese by Hanbing Bian
Urban water governance capacity frameworkEIP Water
Stef Koop presented on an urban water governance capacity framework. The framework assesses the capacity of institutions in cities to solve common water challenges through dimensions like knowledge, monitoring, stakeholder inclusion, and financial considerations. It involves studying literature, interviewing stakeholders, and determining scores for indicators within the dimensions. The framework has been applied to cities around the world to develop "city blueprints" identifying governance strengths and weaknesses. Conclusions emphasize that while technology is important, good governance and citizen involvement are also key to developing intelligent, green, and healthy cities. The presentation aims to improve cities' implementation capacities for water services by sharing best practices.
How the smart city solution could help in urban systems resilience?Isam Shahrour
This conference discusses the urban hazards including natural hazards and how we can combine the resilience approach as well as the smart city solution to cope with the urban hazards challenges
Isam Shahrour conference at Shandong Agricultural University: Smart City for ...Isam Shahrour
The document discusses environmental challenges facing cities and how smart city technologies can help address these issues. It outlines challenges like climate change, water stress, high energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in cities. The smart city concept uses digital technologies like sensors, data analysis and real-time monitoring to optimize management of infrastructure networks, enable more efficient energy and resource use, and provide new services. The document then presents the SunRise project, a large smart city demonstration project in Lille, France involving public and private partners experimenting with smart water, energy and building technologies over a small town area.
Les smart cities font d’ores et déjà l’objet de normes et standards visant à :
Définir des indicateurs de performance et de comparaison
Mettre en place des approches bonnes pratiques dans leurs développements
C’est l’objet de ce document que de présenter une norme ISO et un standard anglo-saxon.
Smart water - a key building block for the smart cityEIP Water
Presentation hold during EIP Water Conference in Porto, as part of the Porto Water Innovation Week in Session 8a “Water and the circular economy, part 3 – cities and water”
Talk of Isam Shahrour at Science Po, Paris TEDx - Let's build Smart Cities fo...Isam Shahrour
Talk of Isam Shahrour at TEDX Sciences Po Paris, November 13, 2015.
The talk concerned the personal engagement of Isam Shahrour in the Smart City implementation and the role of Smart Cities in building a Smart World.
Conference Smart City for developing countries: Why ? and How to Start?Isam Shahrour
Conference of professor Isam Shahrour at Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tunis (ENIT), Tunis May, 6, 2016.
Isam discusses why developing countries should develop Smart Cities and How to start a Smart City Project.
discusses why developing countries should develop Smart Cities and How to start a Smart City Project.
Isam shahrour conference "Smart Water" at Shandong - China (translated in Ch...Isam Shahrour
Conference of Isam Shahrour (Smart Water- lessons learned from 4-years of large experimentation) at the hydrology office of Shandong province, in charge of the management of water resources for 100 million inhabitants.
Around 100 researchers, senior engineers and engineers attended this conference. The conference focused on water challenges, Smart water concept, water network monitoring, SmartWater4Europe, lessons learned from the SunRise Smart City demonstrator.
Translation in Chinese by Hanbing Bian
Professor Isam Shahrour Summer Course « Smart and Sustainable City » Chapter...Isam Shahrour
This document provides an overview of sustainable cities and sustainability indicators. It discusses that a sustainable city is designed, built, and managed to meet citizens' needs without compromising the environment or future generations. Key challenges for cities regarding sustainability include city structure and organization, local government competencies, unsustainable expansion, and funding sustainable development. The document also outlines common sustainability indicators used to measure progress in areas like environment, social issues, and economics.
Professor Isam Shahrour Summer Course « Smart and Sustainable City » Chapter...Isam Shahrour
This lecture presents the Smart Drinking Water Concept. It includes a presentation of the drinking water system, the smart water system and the implementation of this concept in the SunRise demonstrator “Smart and Sustainable City - Lille1 Campus – France”
Smart city for developing countries, Algiers, September 2015Isam Shahrour
Conference of professor Isam Shahrour at the Summer School on Nanostructure and Applications SSNA’2015, Algiers, September 10, 2015.
The conference concerns the use of the Smart Concept in developing countries. It presents successively the main challenges of developing countries, the smart city concept, why this concept is relevant for developing countries and the implementation of this concept through SunRise project “Large Scale demonstrator of the Smart City”.
This document discusses smart city concepts for medium-sized cities in India. It describes how medium-sized cities face different challenges than large metropolises due to less resources and need to identify their own strengths to compete. The document then outlines several smart city concepts being implemented, including smart water management using soil moisture sensors, smart street lights that turn on based on light levels, smart building lights that turn on based on occupancy, smart parking that detects available spaces, adaptive traffic lights that reduce congestion, green buildings that use natural materials, and smart security and surveillance systems.
The document discusses key aspects of building future smart cities, including planning and managing infrastructure, transportation systems, public safety, and utilities like power, water and lighting. It emphasizes that smart cities require integrating technology into these systems to make them more efficient, sustainable and improve services for citizens. Data collection and analysis can help address challenges and anticipate problems in areas like transportation, security and resource management to create livable and prosperous urban environments.
PERC Water Corporation is a water infrastructure company that specializes in water recycling facilities and public-private partnerships. They have 22 facilities and emphasize innovative, efficient solutions. One example is their facility in Santa Paula, California, which they built through a public-private partnership. The city of Santa Paula faced fines and non-compliance issues, but through the partnership PERC designed, built, financed, and now operates a new water recycling facility that meets the city's needs at a guaranteed low cost over 30 years. The innovative design uses a small footprint and the project was completed early and within budget, solving the city's water issues through this partnership model.
Smart City : innovative strategy for sustainable developmentIsam Shahrour
Presentation by Isam Shahrour of the role of Smart Cities in the sustainable development. Conference IPEEC « Energy and Environmental Protection », Hebron, October 2013
This document provides an overview of Rahul Jani's portfolio and areas of focus from 2013. It summarizes his work in areas like urban planning, infrastructure, resources, and community development. The structure of the portfolio is represented as a diamond, with a focus on the social situation in 2050 at the core, surrounded by key areas of interest. At the edges are limitations and evolution. The document then provides more details on some of Rahul's specific projects in areas like housing, smart grids, transportation systems, urban farming, and water solutions.
Professor Isam Shahrour Summer Course « Smart and Sustainable City » Chapter...Isam Shahrour
This lecture presents the Smart City Concept. It includes presentation of the city challenges, the response of the Smart City to these challenges, the Smart City concept, a survey of the smart city development in the world and the methodology of the implementation of this concept.
The document summarizes a tour of Barcelona's 22@ Innovation District and key areas related to clean energy and smart city initiatives. The tour will visit urban labs implementing smart city solutions, examples of green architecture like the Agbar Tower and Silken Hotel, and renewable energy projects including solar thermal installations and electric vehicle infrastructure. It will also cover the city's commitment to public transport modernization through initiatives to increase the share of natural gas, hybrid, and electric buses.
The document proposes a smartphone application to help cities improve waste management and increase recycling rates. The app would allow users to find information on what materials can be recycled, locations of recycling centers and bins, and special disposal of hazardous waste. It would integrate with local waste systems to track bin status and support collection routes. The app aims to make recycling more convenient and engage citizens. It could also connect to social media and provide local recycling news to promote sustainable waste practices as part of developing smart cities. The document calls for concept papers on an ICT app to win a prize for the best sustainable energy idea.
Smart city Shahrour AUST Beirut april 2015 shIsam Shahrour
Conference of Isam Shahrour at the American University of Science Technology (AUST), Beirut, April 2015 on the topic: "Smart City for developing countries: Utopia or a real opportunity?"
This document discusses smart city initiatives in Manchester, England. It describes how Manchester has a history of innovation as one of the first industrial cities. It is now a collaborative city through initiatives like the Greater Manchester Combined Authority. Manchester is also working to become a digital, smart city through projects like CityVerve, which has created an IoT network of sensors across a 2 square kilometer area. The document outlines several use cases for CityVerve around transportation, energy/environment, and health/social care, including using sensors and data to help manage chronic conditions and encourage community wellness.
EIP Water Action Group City Blueprints September 2013EIP Water
The City Blueprint for Water is a baseline assessment of the sustainability of water management in a city (or other dominantly urban region). The result allows a city to quickly understand how advanced it is in sustainable water management and enables it to compare its status with other leading cities.
This project is one of nine Action Groups selected by the European Commission as an initial EIP Water Action Group.
Sixteen cities/regions have participated so far (August 2013) and many others are being approached. This is an opportunity to take part in a new and innovative programme to help improve city-level water stewardship, in the spirit of smart and sustainable cities.
The basic output is a simple radar chart as shown in the example from Melbourne at the top of this page. The chart provides a quick visual representation of the city’s water stewardship status, and is a tool for easy comparison between cities. It covers 24 key water-related subject areas, such as water footprint, water scarcity, water quality, drinking water availability and wastewater management.
A City Blueprint is just the first step on a journey of communication and cooperation between cities. A key intention is to encourage cities to share their best practices with others, and for all to improve. A website will be developed to facilitate this. All cities are different. Some are advanced in a few or many subject areas. Some have much work to do. The aim is not to highlight failings, but instead to help a city identify areas of focus for improvement, and to learn from the best practices of others, as well as demonstrating and sharing their own best practices.
Smart campus: an effective concept for the Smart City developmentIsam Shahrour
Concept presented by Isam Shahrour at the World Bank meeting - May 2014 concerning the use of the "Smart Campus" Concept for the dissemination and the implementation of smart and sustainable cities.
The document summarizes a workshop on bridging first and last mile gaps for transportation. It discusses:
1) The agenda includes a presentation on first and last mile gaps, identifying gaps, and a pilot project presentation.
2) The organization 880 Cities works to improve mobility, public space, and community in cities. They use tools like pedestrian and cycling infrastructure, unconventional engagement, open streets events, and ideas labs.
3) Participants were asked to identify areas where pedestrian and cycling infrastructure is working or not working well, and suggest interventions from the organization's toolkits to improve conditions.
ICT4S - Smart city planning and environmental aspects?: lessons from six citiesSURFsara
The document discusses lessons learned from examining smart sustainable city initiatives in six cities. It contains three main lessons: 1) initiatives must evaluate their net environmental effects, 2) cities must act on the findings of net effects evaluations, and 3) long-term research is needed on potential urban form and economic changes. The document also describes three categories of implementation: sharing things and spaces, smart energy, and supporting lifestyle choices. Finally, it discusses strategies for development and sharing, and calls for further discussion on changing production/consumption and enabling societal change.
The document discusses Urban Labs, which are test spaces located in cities that are used to experiment with innovative solutions involving citizens. Urban Labs provide real-life testing environments to improve products before broader deployment. They also help bridge relationships between city administrators and innovative companies. Examples are provided of companies that tested solutions like parking sensors and LED lighting in Urban Labs and how it helped them improve their products and win new contracts. The goals of Urban Labs are outlined as developing innovative solutions with users, creating initial demand, and providing a showcase for solutions to help them compete globally.
The document proposes reforms to improve urban governance and living conditions in Indian cities. It suggests establishing three councils - Public Inspection, Human Resource Development, and Coordination - to decentralize power and make local governments more transparent and responsive. Other recommendations include screening political candidates, state-funded elections, congestion charges to reduce traffic, "proxy roads" that incorporate utilities and drainage, block schools to improve education, and sponsored housing complexes to resettle slum residents. The goal is to develop world-class cities through political reform, infrastructure improvements, access to services, and empowering local communities.
This document summarizes discussions from over 500 individuals representing more than 100 organizations on implementing the Principles for Digital Development.
The principles aim to improve the success of digital development projects by providing best practices. However, integrating the principles can be challenging.
Recommendations include having a vision and strategy to support digital development best practices. Donors should align procurement to enable principles and build a shared digital resource pool. Implementers should contribute to open resources and adapt processes to apply principles. The goal is to learn from past challenges and make digital tools more sustainable and beneficial.
This document discusses optimizing government through data-driven citizen engagement. It discusses how citizen expectations for engagement have increased and governments need to improve to match private sector standards. Effective citizen engagement involves understanding citizens' needs and using data to personalize communications and services. The document outlines four stages of citizen engagement, from informing to collaborating. It argues governments need to use data to integrate citizen views, analyze internal/external processes, learn best practices, and keep efforts simple. Data-driven engagement involves understanding citizens, analyzing preferences, optimizing communications, and delivering personalized services.
Professor Isam Shahrour Summer Course « Smart and Sustainable City » Chapter...Isam Shahrour
This document provides an overview of sustainable cities and sustainability indicators. It discusses that a sustainable city is designed, built, and managed to meet citizens' needs without compromising the environment or future generations. Key challenges for cities regarding sustainability include city structure and organization, local government competencies, unsustainable expansion, and funding sustainable development. The document also outlines common sustainability indicators used to measure progress in areas like environment, social issues, and economics.
Professor Isam Shahrour Summer Course « Smart and Sustainable City » Chapter...Isam Shahrour
This lecture presents the Smart Drinking Water Concept. It includes a presentation of the drinking water system, the smart water system and the implementation of this concept in the SunRise demonstrator “Smart and Sustainable City - Lille1 Campus – France”
Smart city for developing countries, Algiers, September 2015Isam Shahrour
Conference of professor Isam Shahrour at the Summer School on Nanostructure and Applications SSNA’2015, Algiers, September 10, 2015.
The conference concerns the use of the Smart Concept in developing countries. It presents successively the main challenges of developing countries, the smart city concept, why this concept is relevant for developing countries and the implementation of this concept through SunRise project “Large Scale demonstrator of the Smart City”.
This document discusses smart city concepts for medium-sized cities in India. It describes how medium-sized cities face different challenges than large metropolises due to less resources and need to identify their own strengths to compete. The document then outlines several smart city concepts being implemented, including smart water management using soil moisture sensors, smart street lights that turn on based on light levels, smart building lights that turn on based on occupancy, smart parking that detects available spaces, adaptive traffic lights that reduce congestion, green buildings that use natural materials, and smart security and surveillance systems.
The document discusses key aspects of building future smart cities, including planning and managing infrastructure, transportation systems, public safety, and utilities like power, water and lighting. It emphasizes that smart cities require integrating technology into these systems to make them more efficient, sustainable and improve services for citizens. Data collection and analysis can help address challenges and anticipate problems in areas like transportation, security and resource management to create livable and prosperous urban environments.
PERC Water Corporation is a water infrastructure company that specializes in water recycling facilities and public-private partnerships. They have 22 facilities and emphasize innovative, efficient solutions. One example is their facility in Santa Paula, California, which they built through a public-private partnership. The city of Santa Paula faced fines and non-compliance issues, but through the partnership PERC designed, built, financed, and now operates a new water recycling facility that meets the city's needs at a guaranteed low cost over 30 years. The innovative design uses a small footprint and the project was completed early and within budget, solving the city's water issues through this partnership model.
Smart City : innovative strategy for sustainable developmentIsam Shahrour
Presentation by Isam Shahrour of the role of Smart Cities in the sustainable development. Conference IPEEC « Energy and Environmental Protection », Hebron, October 2013
This document provides an overview of Rahul Jani's portfolio and areas of focus from 2013. It summarizes his work in areas like urban planning, infrastructure, resources, and community development. The structure of the portfolio is represented as a diamond, with a focus on the social situation in 2050 at the core, surrounded by key areas of interest. At the edges are limitations and evolution. The document then provides more details on some of Rahul's specific projects in areas like housing, smart grids, transportation systems, urban farming, and water solutions.
Professor Isam Shahrour Summer Course « Smart and Sustainable City » Chapter...Isam Shahrour
This lecture presents the Smart City Concept. It includes presentation of the city challenges, the response of the Smart City to these challenges, the Smart City concept, a survey of the smart city development in the world and the methodology of the implementation of this concept.
The document summarizes a tour of Barcelona's 22@ Innovation District and key areas related to clean energy and smart city initiatives. The tour will visit urban labs implementing smart city solutions, examples of green architecture like the Agbar Tower and Silken Hotel, and renewable energy projects including solar thermal installations and electric vehicle infrastructure. It will also cover the city's commitment to public transport modernization through initiatives to increase the share of natural gas, hybrid, and electric buses.
The document proposes a smartphone application to help cities improve waste management and increase recycling rates. The app would allow users to find information on what materials can be recycled, locations of recycling centers and bins, and special disposal of hazardous waste. It would integrate with local waste systems to track bin status and support collection routes. The app aims to make recycling more convenient and engage citizens. It could also connect to social media and provide local recycling news to promote sustainable waste practices as part of developing smart cities. The document calls for concept papers on an ICT app to win a prize for the best sustainable energy idea.
Smart city Shahrour AUST Beirut april 2015 shIsam Shahrour
Conference of Isam Shahrour at the American University of Science Technology (AUST), Beirut, April 2015 on the topic: "Smart City for developing countries: Utopia or a real opportunity?"
This document discusses smart city initiatives in Manchester, England. It describes how Manchester has a history of innovation as one of the first industrial cities. It is now a collaborative city through initiatives like the Greater Manchester Combined Authority. Manchester is also working to become a digital, smart city through projects like CityVerve, which has created an IoT network of sensors across a 2 square kilometer area. The document outlines several use cases for CityVerve around transportation, energy/environment, and health/social care, including using sensors and data to help manage chronic conditions and encourage community wellness.
EIP Water Action Group City Blueprints September 2013EIP Water
The City Blueprint for Water is a baseline assessment of the sustainability of water management in a city (or other dominantly urban region). The result allows a city to quickly understand how advanced it is in sustainable water management and enables it to compare its status with other leading cities.
This project is one of nine Action Groups selected by the European Commission as an initial EIP Water Action Group.
Sixteen cities/regions have participated so far (August 2013) and many others are being approached. This is an opportunity to take part in a new and innovative programme to help improve city-level water stewardship, in the spirit of smart and sustainable cities.
The basic output is a simple radar chart as shown in the example from Melbourne at the top of this page. The chart provides a quick visual representation of the city’s water stewardship status, and is a tool for easy comparison between cities. It covers 24 key water-related subject areas, such as water footprint, water scarcity, water quality, drinking water availability and wastewater management.
A City Blueprint is just the first step on a journey of communication and cooperation between cities. A key intention is to encourage cities to share their best practices with others, and for all to improve. A website will be developed to facilitate this. All cities are different. Some are advanced in a few or many subject areas. Some have much work to do. The aim is not to highlight failings, but instead to help a city identify areas of focus for improvement, and to learn from the best practices of others, as well as demonstrating and sharing their own best practices.
Smart campus: an effective concept for the Smart City developmentIsam Shahrour
Concept presented by Isam Shahrour at the World Bank meeting - May 2014 concerning the use of the "Smart Campus" Concept for the dissemination and the implementation of smart and sustainable cities.
The document summarizes a workshop on bridging first and last mile gaps for transportation. It discusses:
1) The agenda includes a presentation on first and last mile gaps, identifying gaps, and a pilot project presentation.
2) The organization 880 Cities works to improve mobility, public space, and community in cities. They use tools like pedestrian and cycling infrastructure, unconventional engagement, open streets events, and ideas labs.
3) Participants were asked to identify areas where pedestrian and cycling infrastructure is working or not working well, and suggest interventions from the organization's toolkits to improve conditions.
ICT4S - Smart city planning and environmental aspects?: lessons from six citiesSURFsara
The document discusses lessons learned from examining smart sustainable city initiatives in six cities. It contains three main lessons: 1) initiatives must evaluate their net environmental effects, 2) cities must act on the findings of net effects evaluations, and 3) long-term research is needed on potential urban form and economic changes. The document also describes three categories of implementation: sharing things and spaces, smart energy, and supporting lifestyle choices. Finally, it discusses strategies for development and sharing, and calls for further discussion on changing production/consumption and enabling societal change.
The document discusses Urban Labs, which are test spaces located in cities that are used to experiment with innovative solutions involving citizens. Urban Labs provide real-life testing environments to improve products before broader deployment. They also help bridge relationships between city administrators and innovative companies. Examples are provided of companies that tested solutions like parking sensors and LED lighting in Urban Labs and how it helped them improve their products and win new contracts. The goals of Urban Labs are outlined as developing innovative solutions with users, creating initial demand, and providing a showcase for solutions to help them compete globally.
The document proposes reforms to improve urban governance and living conditions in Indian cities. It suggests establishing three councils - Public Inspection, Human Resource Development, and Coordination - to decentralize power and make local governments more transparent and responsive. Other recommendations include screening political candidates, state-funded elections, congestion charges to reduce traffic, "proxy roads" that incorporate utilities and drainage, block schools to improve education, and sponsored housing complexes to resettle slum residents. The goal is to develop world-class cities through political reform, infrastructure improvements, access to services, and empowering local communities.
This document summarizes discussions from over 500 individuals representing more than 100 organizations on implementing the Principles for Digital Development.
The principles aim to improve the success of digital development projects by providing best practices. However, integrating the principles can be challenging.
Recommendations include having a vision and strategy to support digital development best practices. Donors should align procurement to enable principles and build a shared digital resource pool. Implementers should contribute to open resources and adapt processes to apply principles. The goal is to learn from past challenges and make digital tools more sustainable and beneficial.
This document discusses optimizing government through data-driven citizen engagement. It discusses how citizen expectations for engagement have increased and governments need to improve to match private sector standards. Effective citizen engagement involves understanding citizens' needs and using data to personalize communications and services. The document outlines four stages of citizen engagement, from informing to collaborating. It argues governments need to use data to integrate citizen views, analyze internal/external processes, learn best practices, and keep efforts simple. Data-driven engagement involves understanding citizens, analyzing preferences, optimizing communications, and delivering personalized services.
Alicante es pionera en el uso de soluciones innovadoras naturales para resolver los retos urbanos tal y como promueve la Unión Europea en su programa Horizonte 2020 e impulso de la Economía Circular. Como ejemplo, Alicante tiene el Parque Urbano Inundable más grande de Europa ("La Marjal"), con un marcado carácter social y medioambiental, dando solución a los problemas de inundaciones en una de las áreas urbanas, a la vez que conforma un nuevo pulmón verde sostenible con aves y flora autóctona. El parque dispone de un sistema inteligente único muy avanzado de vigilancia, aviso a los ciudadanos y coordinación con los servicios de seguridad para el desalojo en caso de previsión de lluvias. Además, la ciudad de Alicante aplica otras soluciones avanzadas orientada a la sostenibilidad como el uso de agua regenerada en parques y jardines de ciudadanos, además de los municipales o la valorización energética de lodos.
This document provides guidance for city mayors and administrators on embracing citizen-driven innovation to address urban challenges through a collaborative approach known as Living Labs. It outlines the concept of Living Labs, which engage citizens and stakeholders in the co-creation of new services and solutions. The guidebook then walks through the main steps for launching citizen-driven innovation initiatives, from getting started and building a strategy to co-designing solutions, ensuring sustainability, and joining forces with other cities.
La reutilización del agua juega un papel importante en las ciudades inteligentes. Se destacan tres aspectos clave para su implantación: 1) Planificación anticipada a través de un Plan Director de Aguas Regeneradas, 2) Diseño técnico adaptado con doble red de agua, 3) Gestión inteligente del recurso usando sistemas de control de calidad y riego inteligente para ahorrar hasta un 40% del agua.
Redes abiertas de colaboración sobre las ciudades inteligentes y medioambient...Antonio Sánchez Zaplana
Este documento habla sobre redes abiertas de colaboración sobre las ciudades inteligentes y el medio ambiente en Iberoamérica. Incluye enlaces a sitios web sobre este tema y hashtags sobre energía, contaminación, recursos, soluciones, gobierno abierto y digital, y ciudadanos. También menciona socios y participantes de redes en diferentes países que discuten innovación y la inteligencia de las ciudades basada en la inteligencia de sus ciudadanos.
Este documento describe la reutilización de aguas regeneradas en usos urbanos como parte de una economía circular del agua. Explica que las aguas regeneradas pueden usarse para riego de zonas verdes, baldeo de calles y sistemas contra incendios. También presenta casos de ciudades como Benidorm, Cullera y Torrevieja que han ahorrado grandes cantidades de agua, y cómo Alicante ha triplicado sus zonas verdes a través de la reutilización. Finalmente, destaca la importancia de la planificación anticip
Cómo llegar a 50k seguidores (sin comprarlos) en redes sociales hablando de ...Antonio Sánchez Zaplana
Presentación en el VI Congreso Internacional GIGAPP 2015 (Madrid 1 de Octubre 2015). #GIGAPP2015
Puedes ve rel paper completo en http://www.gigapp.org/index.php/grupos-de-trabajo-2015?view=publication&task=show&id=1953
The document discusses two business cases for using big data in water utilities in Alicante, Spain. The first case focuses on using big data and a decision support system to optimize asset management and infrastructure renewal planning. The second case examines using big data from smart water meters to promote more efficient water use among citizens. Both cases aim to help the utility better manage infrastructure investments and customer water demand given Alicante's scarce water resources and increasing population.
The document discusses real time water demand forecasting solutions implemented in Alicante, Spain. It describes the context of Alicante's water supply and demand patterns. It then discusses using big data and various forecasting models and solutions to forecast water demand at the city, customer, and domestic levels in both short and medium terms. At the city level, short and medium term forecasting systems were developed. At the customer level, clustering and individual client models were used. And at the domestic level, the DAIAD system was implemented to forecast hourly household water consumption using smart meter data.
El documento describe los esfuerzos de Aguas de Alicante para abrir sus datos al público. Explica que realizaron un análisis interno multidisciplinario para identificar datos relevantes y canales para compartirlos. Algunos resultados incluyen publicar mapas de redes para evitar daños en obras, compartir datos de consumo con consumidores, y monitorear la calidad del agua en playas usando sensores e información en tiempo real. El documento concluye que Aguas de Alicante está comprometido con los datos abiertos para
Tecnología y sostenibilidad del ciclo integral del agua y su implicación en e...Antonio Sánchez Zaplana
Este documento resume la presentación de Toni Sánchez sobre la gestión sostenible del agua y su implicación en el turismo en la costa de Alicante. Se analizan casos prácticos como Benidorm y Alicante, donde se ha mejorado la eficiencia hídrica a pesar del aumento de población y se ha fomentado la reutilización de aguas depuradas. También se destacan iniciativas educativas y de protección medioambiental como el parque inundable de La Marjal en Alicante. La conclusión es que la
El documento describe las áreas clave de la gestión inteligente del ciclo integral del agua, incluyendo la renovación de redes, la gestión del recurso agua, la información al ciudadano y la gestión del exceso de agua. Se presentan varias herramientas y proyectos inteligentes como METRAWA y METRESA para la renovación de redes de agua y alcantarillado, el uso de aguas regeneradas, la telelectura y oficinas en línea para los ciudadanos, y parques inundables para gestionar el exceso de agua
Este documento describe un desayuno temático sobre ciudades inteligentes que tuvo lugar en la Cámara de Comercio de Alicante. Se dividió en talleres participativos para resolver tres retos de la ciudad de Elche: 1) niños pegados a dispositivos, 2) falta de actividad física, 3) baja venta en comercios. Cada equipo contaba con 10.000€ para proponer soluciones utilizando tecnología e innovación. Al final, cada equipo presentó su solución en un discurso de 2 minutos.
i-ambiente: Social Innovation Platform for Sustainability and Smart CitizensAntonio Sánchez Zaplana
Este documento presenta la plataforma i-ambiente, una iniciativa para promover la innovación social y ciudadana inteligente en materia de sostenibilidad ambiental. Incluye secciones sobre el modelo de i-ambiente, contenidos sobre calidad ambiental y ciudades inteligentes, y entrevistas a líderes políticos y de opinión sobre estos temas. También menciona posibles alianzas futuras de i-ambiente con ciudades para impulsar proyectos de innovación social.
Presentación preparada para la mesa "CIUDADES INTELIGENTES, CIUDADES EMOCIONALES" del Congreso "Iluminación Inteligente y Emocional de las Ciudades", Córdoba 24-25 de Enero (http://www.congresocordobaluze.com/es/Bienvenida.html )
Gestión inteligente del #agua en las #ciudades, la experiencia de @infoHIDRAQUAAntonio Sánchez Zaplana
Este documento discute los conceptos de "ciudad inteligente" y "gestión inteligente del agua", destacando los desafíos y soluciones en cuatro áreas: 1) mejora del medio ambiente, 2) gestión del recurso agua, 3) información al ciudadano, y 4) gestión del exceso de agua. Propone el uso de tecnologías avanzadas y soluciones basadas en la naturaleza para abordar estos desafíos de una manera sostenible y que mejore la calidad de vida.
Alicante's water utility, Aguas de Alicante, has deployed smart metering technology to 90,000 meters to gain insights into water usage. Through projects like DAIAD, they aim to help consumers better understand and reduce their water use. Facing a semi-arid climate with no local water sources, Alicante must responsibly manage its water resources. Aguas de Alicante is using smart utility technologies and data-driven decision support systems to profile consumers, manage their network efficiently, and optimize workforce operations to preserve water supplies and build urban resilience.
Presentation hold during EIP Water Conference in Porto, as part of the Porto Water Innovation Week in Session 8a “Water and the circular economy, part 3 – cities and water”
This document discusses integrated urban water management (IUWM) as an approach to address water security challenges in cities. IUWM takes a holistic view of the urban water cycle and involves stakeholders across sectors. The document outlines the principles of IUWM, including considering the entire water cycle as one system and integrating social, institutional, geographic, inter-sectoral and governance aspects. Case studies from Durban, Singapore, and Dakar demonstrate benefits of IUWM such as cost savings, job creation, increased water supply and improved sanitation. The document concludes by describing IUWM modules and programs that can be implemented to plan and finance IUWM projects at the city level.
This document outlines Water Europe's vision for a water-smart society in Europe by 2030. The vision calls for a 50% reduction in pressure on freshwater resources and closing of water, energy and resource loops through a circular economy approach. It proposes a future-proof model with four key components: 1) Developing a water-smart economy and valorizing resources/energy from water; 2) Deploying new digital and water technologies; 3) Integrating hybrid grey and green infrastructure; 4) Enabling inclusive multi-stakeholder governance. Realizing this vision will boost European competitiveness in the water sector and contribute to global water challenges while securing long-term sustainability and resilience of water systems.
Drought risk and resilience decision support - Chris Hughes, Arup, at IWA 2019The Resilience Shift
Chris Hughes, drought specialist at Arup, has written a guest blog for the Resilience Shift. In it he discusses some of the ways cities might better prepare for drought and resilience to water scarcity. Chris spoke about the work of his team recently at the IWA Conference on Efficient Water Management in Manila in January this year and referenced the Resilience Shift, and its work on the City Water Resilience Approach and online collaboration tool. You can see his presentation here.
This literature review examines city forms and infrastructure related to wastewater management. It explores resilient and distributed city models using nodes and networks. The concept of an "ecological cyborg" that integrates technology and ecology is discussed. Case studies show how Singapore and other cities have integrated natural landscapes with infrastructure. The review aims to inform alternative wastewater network designs that improve city resilience.
The document discusses integrated risk management as the first priority for municipal water management. It notes that while municipal water management involves managing many risks, these risks are typically not addressed within a coordinated structure. This can reduce opportunities to most effectively mitigate and manage risks. The document advocates for more strategic approaches to risk management that consider both operational and strategic risks and involve stakeholders beyond local water utilities. It provides an example of how the City of Calgary is working to adopt a more integrated enterprise risk management framework to create value from risk.
This document discusses guidelines for sustainable urbanization. It recommends that cities adopt a high-density centralized layout to minimize environmental footprint and encourage public transportation. Environmental technologies should utilize natural systems to purify water and generate energy on-site. Successful sustainable cities require collaboration among stakeholders and policymakers to address challenges through coordinated regional planning.
Bill Cesanek, co-chair of the APA Water and Planning Network, discusses the value of land use planning in achieving improved water efficiency for the 2020 Central Texas Water Conservation Symposium hosted by the Texas Living Waters Project.
Municipalities today are constantly challenged while trying to improve the level of service to their citizens. In this session we will introduce the concept of Smart Water and show how we can lead the charge in providing value to citizens.
The Water Europe Strategic Research Agenda (SIRA) has been developed by Water Europe with the input of its members,
the Water Europe Working Groups, and its key stakeholders. A public consultation has also been part of the drafting
process. A special thank you goes out to the members of the SIRA Task Forces that were set up to develop the 6 Key
Components that are the logical building blocks of the Water Europe SIRA.
The Water Europe SIRA is a living document that has initially been developed in the first half of 2016 to promote a
balanced mix of research and innovation measures that contribute to overcoming the main bottlenecks towards
the realization of the Water Europe Vision as described in “Water Europe Vision: towards a future-proof model for a
European water-smart society”.
The document discusses issues with the proposed California WaterFix system to build two new tunnels from the Sacramento River to pumping plants in the Delta. It argues that the project would be economically unreasonable and environmentally damaging, as it would negatively impact fisheries, ocean outflows, and potentially increase sea levels from shifting river flows. Instead, it recommends focusing investments on improving current Delta levees and fish screens to preserve marine life while also being safer and more reliable.
The document discusses challenges related to urbanization and water management. It notes that half the world's population lives in cities yet water security is not assured. It discusses integrated urban water management and the roles of different levels of government. Case studies on Johannesburg and Singapore describe their approaches to managing water resources across basins and through reuse to meet urban and economic needs.
This document discusses the need for a more sustainable approach to urban infrastructure and water management. It argues that current approaches are environmentally and economically unsustainable. A new approach should focus on demand-side analysis and water use, be cost-effective and adaptable, meet actual needs through service provision rather than just supply, and be equitable and environmentally sustainable. This requires understanding current water use through end-use studies to accurately forecast demand and plan integrated supply and demand options. Developing cities have an opportunity to implement more sustainable fourth generation systems from the start.
Module-4 Managemnet of Water resources and related Infrastructures.pptxSilasChaudhari
The document discusses various aspects of water resource management and infrastructure for smart cities. It covers topics like storage and conveyance systems, sustainable water and sanitation, sewerage systems, flood management, conservation systems, and rainwater harvesting. For water management in smart cities, it proposes a monitoring system using sensors connected to a microcontroller to optimize water usage and distribution. It also discusses benefits of smart water management systems like economic savings, improved services, and environmental protection.
Ecosystem services for watershed management, Water Planning,Riccardo Rigon
i. The document discusses planning for ecosystem services in watershed management and urban water sectors. It explores boundary work practices and frameworks for designing watershed investments.
ii. A case study in Germany analyzes boundary work activities that helped transfer scientific knowledge into watershed management actions. The study evaluates factors like credibility, saliency and legitimacy.
iii. The document proposes a process-based approach to design watershed investment portfolios that maximize benefits like water security, poverty reduction, and soil erosion control. It assesses investment performance and impact on ecosystem services.
PLANNING FOR SELF RELIANT AND SUSTAINABLE CITY IN TERMS OF WATER SUPPLYshrikrishna kesharwani
This document outlines a dissertation topic on planning for a self-reliant and sustainable city in terms of water supply. The main aim is to identify solutions to make a city independent and environmentally-friendly for its water needs. The objectives include identifying existing problems, sustainability methods, and a methodology to calculate future demand. The background discusses international and national water concerns like scarcity. Major issues facing cities are identified as increased demand, groundwater depletion, and pollution. Potential solutions proposed include recycling wastewater, rainwater harvesting, and education. Parameters for analyzing solutions include cost, environmental impact, lifetime, area needs, and social acceptance. The document concludes by discussing how to calculate a city's future needs and select sustainable methods to make
This document presents the findings of the Arcadis Sustainable Cities Water Index, which assesses how 50 global cities manage their water resources across issues of resiliency, efficiency, and quality. The index finds that European cities generally perform best, with Rotterdam, Copenhagen, and Amsterdam in the top three spots. Toronto, Washington DC, and New York show strong performances from North America. Asian cities lag behind, with Singapore, Seoul, Tokyo, and Hong Kong highest. Dubai leads the Middle East. Sydney and Melbourne score well for Australia. Latin American cities rank in the bottom half. Johannesburg and Nairobi perform relatively well for Africa. Overall, greater investment is needed worldwide in water infrastructure to improve resili
This document summarizes a paper presented at the Water Efficiency Conference 2016 on integrated water planning strategies. It discusses how climate change and population growth are increasing pressures on water resources. Current siloed approaches to water management are proving inadequate. The need for integrated water management that coordinates planning for water resources, quality, and flooding has never been greater. The paper reviews different approaches to integrated planning internationally and in the UK. It also summarizes interviews with water planners on barriers and benefits to integrated planning in the UK.
This document discusses a city-basin action agenda and INBO's work promoting dialogue between cities and basin organizations. It outlines seven priorities for integrated water resources management, including strengthening basin-city dialogue. INBO plans to publish a handbook in 2022 with best practices on city-basin collaboration, based on case studies. INBO will also support members' pilot projects and networks of cities cooperating on water issues. The handbook aims to improve planning, financing, risk management and evaluation across administrative boundaries. It will highlight the drivers, pathways and foundations for effective action linking urban water management to entire catchment areas.
How can resilience planning processes be used for integrated resources management within a city? This presentation presents three recent examples from the Rockefeller Foundation's Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) and 100 Resilient Cities initiatives.
Similar to Future visions for water and cities (20)
Estrategias de IA en Europa y su alineamiento en España y la Comunidad Valenc...Antonio Sánchez Zaplana
Este documento resume las estrategias de inteligencia artificial en Europa, España y la Comunidad Valenciana. En Europa, la Comisión Europea ha desarrollado una estrategia coordinada para fomentar la IA en Europa y garantizar que sea fiable, ética y robusta. En España, el gobierno ha creado una estrategia nacional de IA para impulsar el empleo, la salud y la educación con la IA. La Comunidad Valenciana también tiene una estrategia para hacer de la IA un motor de competitividad e inclusión que se centre en las personas y la s
Blockchain es una base de datos distribuida que mantiene una lista continua y creciente de registros llamados bloques, cada bloque contiene un sello de tiempo y un enlace al bloque anterior. La información dentro de un bloque no puede ser alterada retrospectivamente. Blockchain se caracteriza por ser descentralizada, inmutable, de confianza gracias a un protocolo de consenso distribuido y segura a través de procesos criptográficos.
Este documento resume un webinar sobre la aplicación de la inteligencia artificial al turismo tras el COVID-19. El webinar explorará cómo la IA está ayudando al sector turístico a hacer frente a los impactos de la pandemia mediante soluciones como el monitoreo de distanciamiento social, chatbots para información sobre síntomas, y análisis de datos para mejorar la comunicación y la seguridad. El orador compartirá ejemplos de cómo la IA puede ayudar con el redimensionamiento, la seguridad y la salud en el turismo.
Introducción webinar "Tecnología para el negocio en el escenario 2020"Antonio Sánchez Zaplana
Este documento discute cómo la pandemia de COVID-19 ha acelerado la adopción de la tecnología y el trabajo remoto. Señala que las organizaciones deben planificar estratégicamente el uso de la tecnología para lograr sus objetivos, en lugar de tomar decisiones apresuradas. También destaca algunas tendencias tecnológicas emergentes, como la innovación de procesos a través de equipos distribuidos, la formación a distancia y los proyectos ágiles, así como un mayor énfasis en la seguridad física y
Cómo la inteligencia artificial puede ayudar en la lucha contra el cambio cli...Antonio Sánchez Zaplana
1. Artificial intelligence can help address the challenges of climate change in three key areas: early fire detection, reducing water usage and costs through consumption forecasting, and flood prediction.
2. AI is being developed to help detect fires earlier through image and data analysis to help fight and contain fires more quickly.
3. For droughts, AI can analyze customer water usage data in high detail and forecast hourly consumption to help reduce water operations and purchasing costs through efficiency.
4. Flood prediction AI systems analyze historical data to predict flooding and issue early warnings to help prepare communities.
INTELIGENCIA ARTIFICIAL EN LAS ADMINISTRACIONES PÚBLICAS: MITOS, LEYENDAS, RE...Antonio Sánchez Zaplana
Este documento discute los mitos, realidades y algunos fracasos de la inteligencia artificial en las administraciones públicas. Explora cómo la IA no puede replicar la creatividad humana, aunque puede automatizar algunas tareas, y cómo presenta sesgos como resultado de los datos utilizados para entrenarla. También analiza casos exitosos de aplicación de la IA en el sector público como la detección de fraude y la optimización de recursos.
Este documento presenta una conversación sobre inteligencia artificial entre Antonio Sánchez Zaplana y otros participantes. Se discuten varios temas clave como los mitos sobre IA, cómo la IA podría afectar el empleo, formas de probar la IA y cómo podría aplicarse la IA al mundo del agua.
5 Aplicaciones reales de la Inteligencia Artificial en la Administración PúblicaAntonio Sánchez Zaplana
Este documento discute 5 áreas del sector público donde la inteligencia artificial puede ayudar a resolver problemas: la detección temprana del cáncer de mama en el sector salud, la educación personalizada, la optimización de los procesos de contratación pública, la agilización de los procesos judiciales como el divorcio, y la prevención de ahogamientos en las playas a través del monitoreo con cámaras. El autor argumenta que la inteligencia artificial puede ahorrar entre el 2-30% de horas de trabajo en estas áreas clave del
La gestión inteligente del agua es fundamental para las ciudades del siglo XXI. La tecnología avanzada como la telelectura, el control remoto de riego y la calidad del agua pueden mejorar la sostenibilidad hídrica, la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos y el medio ambiente. El diseño inteligente de infraestructuras como depósitos subterráneos y zonas verdes también ayudan a gestionar mejor el agua de lluvia y las inundaciones.
Cómo explicamos la movilidad sostenible al ciudadano (y la entienda) Antonio Sánchez Zaplana
El documento presenta varios enlaces a videos y artículos sobre la movilidad sostenible en ciudades y cómo explicar este tema de una manera que los ciudadanos puedan entender. Propone usar redes sociales y asociarse con socios para crear un modelo de comunidad que promueva una discusión pública sobre cómo nos movemos en las ciudades de una forma más sostenible.
La sexta edición de AdejeTec se centró en las ciudades inteligentes y la movilidad sostenible. La feria mostró las tecnologías emergentes relacionadas con este tema y sus beneficios para los ciudadanos y la economía local, especialmente el sector turístico. Los asistentes pudieron probar vehículos eléctricos y participar en actividades complementarias sobre este tema. Expertos en la materia impartieron charlas sobre iniciativas para favorecer el desarrollo sostenible de las ciudades.
El documento describe una clase abierta sobre la gestión inteligente del agua en las ciudades del futuro. Según el Foro Económico Mundial, más de un tercio de la población mundial vivirá en zonas con escasez de agua para 2025, mientras que la demanda de agua habrá aumentado un 40%. La clase explorará cómo debería ser la gestión inteligente del agua en las ciudades del futuro y las tecnologías actuales que permiten asegurar la eficiencia del uso del agua. Durante la clase
Innovación ciudadana Inteligencia colectiva para el empoderamiento glocalAntonio Sánchez Zaplana
Este documento describe tres formas en que la tecnología digital está empoderando a los ciudadanos africanos. En primer lugar, las plataformas de monitoreo ciudadano de elecciones les permiten a los ciudadanos informar sobre irregularidades electorales. En segundo lugar, los datos abiertos brindan información valiosa a los ciudadanos y la sociedad civil. Y en tercer lugar, las herramientas digitales capacitan a los ciudadanos para que se conviertan en agentes de cambio y defensores de sus propios derechos.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
Communications Mining Series - Zero to Hero - Session 1DianaGray10
This session provides introduction to UiPath Communication Mining, importance and platform overview. You will acquire a good understand of the phases in Communication Mining as we go over the platform with you. Topics covered:
• Communication Mining Overview
• Why is it important?
• How can it help today’s business and the benefits
• Phases in Communication Mining
• Demo on Platform overview
• Q/A
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalizationZilliz
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
At WSTS 2024, Alon Stern explored the topic of parametric holdover and explained how recent research findings can be implemented in real-world PNT networks to achieve 100 nanoseconds of accuracy for up to 100 days.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
2. Submitted to the Expert Group of the Foresight ‘Future of Cities’ Project by the Water and Cities Action Group of
UKWRIP now the Research & Innovation group of the UK Water Partnership, led by the Natural Environment Research
Council on behalf of Research Councils UK.
April 2015
Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece
3. This paper has been prepared by UKWRIP’s Water and
Cities Action Group at the invitation of the Expert Group
advising the current Foresight ‘Future of Cities’ project. The
project is identifying the opportunities and challenges that
UK cities will face in future and need to embrace in order to
be resilient, to be adaptable and to thrive.
UKWRIP is a collaboration between the water industry,
policy and research communities, providing guidance and
co-ordination for water research & innovation in the UK.
UKWRIP has now become the research and innovation arm
of the UK Water Partnership, launched February 2015.
Contributing Editors:
Tony Rachwal – independent consultant; UKWRIP Chair
Faith Culshaw – Natural Environment Research Council
(NERC); UKWRIP Co-ordinator
Graham Leeks – Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH);
Chair of UKWRIP’s Water and Cities Action Group
Overall editor: Barry Hague
Illustrator: Saurabh Vaidya, AECOM
Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece
Thames Barrier, copyright Christine Matthews
4. Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece
Contents
Executive Summary 1
1. The Purpose of this Paper 3
2. Water and Cities: A Fluid Relationship 4
3. Five Visions of the Future 5
w Vision 1: Green Food & Garden Cityscapes 6
w Vision 2: Flood-proof Cities 7
w Vision 3: Smart Homes & City Networks 8
w Vision 4: Cities & the Underworld 9
w Vision 5: Community Transition Cities 10
4. Eight Underpinning Challenges: Research Status Needs 11
w Water Quantity/Quality for Life, Health Leisure 12
w End-user City-dweller Behaviour/Demand 14
w Infrastructure: Above Ground 16
w Infrastructure: Below Ground 18
w City Groundwater Management 20
w Risk Resilience to Extreme Events 22
w Environment Ecosystems 24
w Cross-cutting Issues Whole-system Approaches 26
5. Towards Tomorrow: City Simulators Demonstrators 28
6. Conclusions Next Steps 29
Appendix 1: Authors Contributors 30
Appendix 2: References 31
5. 1Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Where water provision and use are concerned, the cities of
the future will face a whole range of major challenges.
These revolve around the ability not only to meet
fundamental needs in terms of water supply, wastewater
treatment and drainage services, but also to safeguard
water’s many indirect benefits in spheres such as health,
wellbeing and biodiversity. Moreover, these goals need to
be achieved while protecting the wider environment and
ensuring cities’ resilience against extreme events such as
flooding.
Key to meeting these challenges is the development of a
clear picture of the many ways in which water use, needs
and resilience could be addressed in future cities, and
what still needs to be done in the field of research for such
possibilities to be realised.
As a starting point, this paper sets out five different, non-
exclusive visions that provide examples of how cities might
potentially be tackling the issue of water cycle management
in the year 2065:
• Vision 1 – Green Food Garden Cityscapes: More
food is grown both in and on buildings, while water-
sensitive urban design management plays a pivotal role.
• Vision 2 – Flood-proof Cities: Existing cities and new
city areas floating on stilts are designed to withstand
sea-level rise, extreme rainfall and expansion of river
floodplains.
• Vision 3 – Smart Homes City Networks: Using the
internet, appliances, networks and data-hubs interact
to ensure optimal management of water supply and
demand.
• Vision 4 – Cities the Underworld: Deep geology
beneath cities is harnessed to house combined systems
delivering effective drainage, water, heating and cooling
services.
• Vision 5 – Community Transition Cities: Utility-
run programmes change communities’ water-related
habits and practices by ‘transitioning’ these to a more
sustainable level.
Realising such visions will mean ensuring that the
necessary technologies, capabilities, processes and
practices are not just made feasible but also become
available on the required timescale. This, in turn, requires
the effective tackling of a range of underpinning, often
interconnected challenges not specific to any one vision but
applying more widely to the ability to set cities’ water use,
needs and resilience on a secure future footing.
In this paper, eight such challenges are pinpointed, together
with a selection of current/recent research innovation
initiatives and some of the key questions that still need to
be addressed in each area. The challenges are:
• Water Quantity/Quality for Life, Health Leisure –
embracing the most fundamental water needs of urban
communities and recognising that freshwater sources
within cities may be insufficient to keep pace with 21st
century population densities.
• End-user City-dweller Behaviour/Demand –
focusing on the need to use water more efficiently and
to cut overall demand if possible, especially in view of
anticipated strains on water supplies due to growing
populations and climate change.
• Infrastructure: Above Ground – assessing whether
‘small is beautiful’ or ‘big is best’ and whether centralised
or decentralised arrangements represent the most
effective, most efficient approach to providing water
services for cities.
• Infrastructure: Below Ground – considering how
infrastructure systems buried underground interact
with the natural environment and understanding the
stresses involved and how these can impact on system
performance.
• City Groundwater Management – encompassing the
function, governance and sustainable management of
groundwater in an urban context and recognising how
water resources are supplied from a wider catchment
area extending beyond city boundaries.
• Risk Resilience to Extreme Events – understanding
the risks cities face in terms of all kinds of extreme natural
and manmade hazards and building resilience against
them, especially in the context of climate change and its
anticipated impact on rainfall patterns.
6. 2 Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Executive Summary
• Environment Ecosystems – evaluating the impact
that future cities will have on the wider environment,
particularly in the context of the potential need for greater
reliance on local provision of goods/services and the
resulting requirement to protect local ecosystems.
• Cross-cutting Issues Whole-system Approaches
– recognising that many issues relating to water
management are not specific to one particular aspect
of use/provision and integrate drivers and impacts
originating well beyond the water industry and water
science.
Alongside research initiatives designed to further develop
understanding and capabilities in each of these eight areas,
city simulators and city demonstrators have a potentially
valuable role to play in developing, testing and evaluating
innovative ideas that could help shape the evolving
relationship between water and cities:
• Still at a very early stage of development and application,
computer simulations using cities as ‘living laboratories’
could help to target research resources at key issues
(e.g. demand and pricing for a range of services and
commodities).
• Real-life community-scale city demonstrators could, for
example, focus on smart homes/networks, robotic repair
technologies, urban agriculture, sustainable drainage and
floating cityscapes.
Based on the discussion and analysis presented
in this paper, UKWRIP has framed a series of four
recommendations for further consideration by the Foresight
‘Future of Cities’ project as the next steps in addressing the
challenges that cities face:
1. Encourage the use, refinement and augmentation of the
visions included in this publication, adapting them where
needed, in order to engage with city authorities and help
them develop their future city plans.
2. For each of the eight underpinning challenges, note
the gaps highlighted in this publication as a result of
synthesising past research outputs, and encourage
further review and assessment of existing and planned
research to see how those gaps are being addressed.
3. Promote further engagement between relevant
researchers and users of urban research in order to
translate research outputs into targeted outputs for
users (planners, policy-makers, businesses, community
organisations etc.).
4. Support the development of funding opportunities
for research innovation through the UK Research
Councils, Innovate UK, business partners (e.g. water
utilities and consultancies) etc., via multi-disciplinary
programmes, city simulators and city demonstrators.
7. 1. The Purpose of this Paper
Water is a vital resource that is too often taken for granted.
Individuals, infrastructure and industry all have a range of
fundamental water-related requirements that encompass
supply, wastewater treatment and drainage services.
Meeting these direct needs – while ensuring resilience
against extreme climate-related and other events – is a
major challenge facing the cities of the future.
Nor should water’s many indirect benefits – for example,
to leisure, recreation, health wellbeing, biodiversity and
urban ecosystems – be overlooked or underestimated.
When planning for future cities, an authentically holistic
approach is essential if our dependency on water and the
need to protect the wider environment and vital natural
assets are all to be accommodated effectively.
The challenges may be substantial. But so are the
possibilities. Water use, needs and resilience could
potentially be addressed in many different ways. The
purpose of this paper is to set out some of those
possibilities and to ask a crucial question: how close are
we to making them achievable and what insights do we still
need to secure in order to bring them within our reach?
The paper focuses on five distinctive visions of
the future relationship between water and cities. While
neither exhaustive nor mutually exclusive, these visions
highlight intriguing examples of future-proofing from a
water perspective. Then, while recognising the many
interdependencies and linkages that characterise water
use, the paper: assesses eight key challenges to be
tackled if such visions are to be realised; summarises
current/recent research relevant to each of those
challenges; and pinpoints gaps in understanding that
must be addressed if the potential is to be truly unlocked.
3Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: The Purpose of this Paper
Supertree Grove, Singapore, courtesy of Gardens by the Bay
8. 2. Water and Cities: A Fluid Relationship
In UK cities, water infrastructure is estimated to be worth
nearly £400 billion1
. Globally, the OECD estimates that
water will soon make up the lion's share of infrastructure
investment. For just OECD countries and Russia, China,
India and Brazil, water spending in 2025 will top $1 trillion
- nearly triple the amounts needed for investments in
electricity or transport (World Bank 2012). The scale of
these figures underlines the critical relationship between
water and cities, and the pivotal role that water plays in
cities’ success. Moreover, in view of the development of
new technologies, on the one hand, and the emerging
challenges posed by climate change and population
growth, on the other, this relationship will inevitably continue
to evolve as the 21st century unfolds.
• The fundamental building block of any city is the human
being. Each day, every person needs at least 2 litres of
fluids and food containing freshwater, and excretes 1-2
litres of urine (WHO website). In high-income countries,
however, each city-dweller’s typical daily use amounts to
100-250 litres of freshwater – in the UK, the typical figure
is 150-165 litres (Defra 2008; Thames Water 2015).
• The nature of the built environment means that cities
affect the natural water cycle in other ways too. For
instance, urbanised catchments are often more subject
to flash-flooding than their rural equivalents (Robinson
et al. 2000; White 2010); this is due to the way rainfall
is received by impermeable surfaces/structures (e.g.
concrete driveways) and drainage processes in such
catchments.
• Cities may also be subjected to groundwater, river,
surface water and coastal flooding produced by the wider
environment. Around the world, the majority of cities are
located towards the lower end of river catchments and in
coastal areas, often making them vulnerable to all these
types of flooding, sometimes in combination (Huntley et
al. 2001).
• Population densities in 21st century cities range from
1000 to 40,000+ people per km2
(examples - Dakha
43,000; Delhi 12,100; Shanghai 6100; London 5900;
New York City 1800) (Demographia 2015). Between 80-
90% of the UK population now live in urban areas and
these now cover around 7.5% of the land area of England
and Wales (Office for National Statistics 2011).
The facts set out above provide just a flavour of the
challenge facing cities in terms of effective provision of
water-related services and protection against destructive
natural events. On average, annual global rainfall amounts
to 1 million m3
per km2
(NOAA 2013); if a city area could
capture and store 100% of its rainfall, it could, in theory,
sustain a population density of 10,000/km2
at current water
usage levels, without recycling2
. But not only might this
leave less water for the environment and for leisure users,
the practicality of achieving such a capture/storage level is
also questionable.
Clearly, the search for viable, acceptable solutions to
water cycle management in the cities of the future needs
to harness a high degree of imagination, creativity and a
willingness to think ‘outside the box’. In short, it demands
‘vision’.
4 Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Water and Cities: A Fluid Relationship
1
Derived from 2014 regulated base value of £261 billion using Ofwat RPI figures (Ofwat 2010 and website) plus coastal and flood asset value of £102bn
(Environment Agency 2014) + 10% addition from Scotland and Ireland (proportional population) + an estimated £2000 for plumbing and drainage infrastructure
for circa 25 million domestic premises (£50 billion) = £450billion. 85% for urban population gives £380 billion.
2
UK domestic water usage of 165l/person/day equates to 60m3
/person/per annum. A population density of 10,000 per km2
therefore requires 0.6 million m3
/
km2
/annum for domestic purposes or 60% of global average annual rainfall of 1000mm per annum (1 million m3
/km2
).
9. 3. Five Visions of the Future
Fifty years from now, in 2065, how might cities be ensuring,
safeguarding and managing their water needs, use and
resilience? Developing a picture of the possibilities and
potential is an essential step to ensuring that the necessary
technologies, capabilities, processes and practices become
feasible and available on the required timescale.
As noted in Section 2 above, it is evident that there will be
a need for innovative, agile, versatile solutions that address
a wide range of issues and criteria. This section sets out a
suite of five different visions that could potentially help to
deliver such solutions. It is important to note, however, that:
• Many of the individual ideas and philosophies embodied
in the following visions could combine with and
complement each other, dovetailing together to provide
cities with multi-faceted, multi-dimensional answers to
key water-related challenges.
• These visions only comprise exemplars, not an
exhaustive list of all the possible approaches that could
contribute to future-proof cities with respect to their water
requirements.
5Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Five Visions of the Future
10. Vision 1: Green Food Garden Cityscapes
Key Concept: More food is grown in cities, both in and on buildings. Water is subject to a highly
monitored, highly managed ‘system of systems’ spanning city, catchment and underground geology,
ensuring climate-resilient drainage, food production etc. Water-sensitive urban design management
helps to underpin this vision.
Main Features:
• Planning permission for large buildings/developments
requires 100% rainfall capture and recycling for use in
the building, or sale of surplus processed water to other
city functions (e.g. greenspace irrigation, hydrogen
production for vehicles).
• New suburban low-rise building developments are also
required to incorporate 100% rainfall capture and reuse,
complemented by water storage, solar thermal and PV
systems and integrated green-roof surfaces (e.g. see
today’s ‘BedZED’ housing development in London).
• Water-sensitive designs incorporate drainage and
rainwater collection systems integrated with bio-diverse
greenspace parks, allotments and (if suitable) artificial
groundwater recharge.
• Roof gardens, street allotments, food-crop, urban
livestock farming and alternative agri-food networks
(AAFNs) and ecosystem parks are popular and
widespread. Urban aquaculture also thrives.
• Packaging/food waste is bio-recyclable in community-
scale composting anaerobic digestion plants linked
to combined heat power systems and ‘tropical hot-
house’ food production.
• Local-produce food markets are developed close to
food production areas, with new trading models for
allotment owners and income opportunities for the
active, ageing population.
• In larger buildings/developments, food and plant waste
are recycled via in-basement composting anaerobic
waste/wastewater processing systems producing
biogas and electrolysed water for hydrogen vehicle fuel,
and recovering fertiliser materials for city farms.
Allotments
Vertical farming
What It Looks Like/How It Works:
Eden Project-style ‘city farms’ in Dome- and Shard-like
structures are prominent, but with space for apartments
and offices. Buildings are of atrium-style design with
external surfaces capturing sunlight/rainfall for lighting,
heating, power and water uses. Internal atriums stretch for
the full height of buildings and provide wall/floor surfaces
and irrigation systems for growing plants tended and
harvested by robotic and drone systems. Basements
include large rainwater storage and recycled water
processing tanks and farms artificially illuminated by LED
and light-pipe technology. Networks help inform food
growers how to produce plentiful, safe food, free from
pollutants, pathogens and pests.
Technical Aspects:
Technologies include: advanced in-building climate control;
water balance and irrigation systems; crop tailoring
for vertical growth; development of robotic food-crop
harvesting/processing systems.
Benefits (Examples):
This concept helps to reduce the impact of new
developments on food security, with new cities developing
food and water footprints equivalent to the farms they
replace.
Roof gardens
6 Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Vision 1: Green Food Garden Cityscapes
11. Vision 2: Flood-proof Cities
Key Concept: Existing cities, as well as new city areas floating on stilts, are designed to withstand
sea-level rise, extreme rainfall events and expansion of river floodplains. Alongside engineering
methods, green infrastructure and nature-based solutions help to reduce vulnerability to flooding (i.e.
by interception, storage and slow release of flood waters and heavy rainfall).
Main Features:
• The ‘stilts’ concept means that new buildings in
floodplains are designed to allow their ground-floor
level to be flooded, with all below-ground services
either flood-proofed or raised and incorporated into
new transport corridors 5-10m above the ground.
• In-city building developments are required to
accommodate a vertical ‘make space for water’
provision of around 5m above current high-water sea
and river levels, and to incorporate smart ways of flood-
proofing parts of the building around 5m above the
floodplain.
• Existing low-rise buildings close to floodplains are
adapted or replaced.
• Where tidal flood barrages have been put in place, they
are used to reduce variations in river levels driven by
tidal cycles, allowing easier development of floating city
areas, flood-proof buildings, transport corridors and
water-related recreation areas.
• Mega storm-tunnels (e.g. the Thames Tideway Tunnel)
and larger storm drainage routes potentially provide
resilience to more extreme rainfall events for cities
where there is significant vertical variation in land
surfaces close to or within cities (e.g. Los Angeles,
Genoa).
• Communities may choose to pay upstream rural
landowners to allow their land to flood (i.e. they pay
these landowners for an ecosystem service) and so
avoid urban flooding.
Raised infrastructure viaduct
Green roof + cycle/pedestrian network on top
Zero carbon intercity goods transport
Stilt based development
Sustainable urban drainage systems
Bio retention areas interspersed with access
Green roofs
What It Looks Like/How It Works:
Floating cities and ‘cities on stilts’ are complemented
by elevated light-transport corridors in floodplains that
cater for walking, cycling and electric city scooters, as
well as ultra-light-weight electric cars and delivery vans.
These corridors incorporate ducts for the utility services
that buildings require. Transport by water becomes more
important not just for carrying people but also for making
bulky, heavy deliveries and undertaking waste collection
(as in Amsterdam, Venice and cities along the Mekong
today).
Technical Aspects:
Requirements include: creation, preservation and
restoration of ponds, woodlands and wetlands; green
roofs; sustainable drainage systems (SuDS); and permeable
surfaces for domestic gardens, both in urban centres and
in upstream catchments. Optimal development and siting of
green infrastructure demands detailed knowledge of water
flows, effective vegetation densities etc.
Benefits (Examples):
As well as avoiding some of the inexorably rising cost
of flood barrages and levees, this vision enables the
benefits of flooding to be recognised and, in some cases,
harnessed (e.g. where floods kept in-channel help to
maintain water quality and ecology, and flush away detritus/
rubbish).
7Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Vision 2: Flood-proof Cities
12. Vision 3: Smart Homes City Networks
Key Concept: Harnessing the power of the internet, every domestic appliance used by citizens and
every utility network communicates key data on current/anticipated needs, status, condition etc. to
city data-hubs, which manage water supply and demand to ensure optimal efficiency and optimal
economic/environmental performance.
Main Features:
• All home appliances that use water or energy
communicate with smart home-hubs; these, in turn,
communicate with network hubs run by local utility
services.
• Hubs automatically negotiate service levels and the
price of provision on the basis of time-slices a few
minutes long, helping to avoid inefficient peaks and
troughs in demand for and supply of water and energy
services.
• Homes and other buildings incorporate systems for
the local storage of water, electricity and heat, plus
the means to exchange heat, cold and power between
these storage mechanisms.
• Individuals carry smart watches/phones that include
personal preference settings for room temperature,
shower temperature/duration etc., and that keep them
informed in real-time of opportunities to save money
through lifestyle choices at home or in the office.
• Drainage networks incorporate intelligent switching/
storage of flows resulting from extreme but localised
rainfall events (as in Rotterdam today, where subsurface
car parks provide emergency storage of local surface
flood waters).
• Along with the monitoring of water quality, health etc.,
the focus of risk-related smart diagnostics (and of
recommendations for actions) shifts to the point of use.
Smart central processing hub
Water capture storage
Connected gadgets
Farm + office + residential + industrial networked communities
Local and central water management scales
What It Looks Like/How It Works:
Beyond the home, water, sewer, gas and electricity
service pipes/networks under city streets incorporate
embedded sensors that communicate their performance
and condition, self-diagnose latent failures and request
maintenance before failure occurs. Robotic road vehicles,
drones and satellites use multi-spectral physics-based
sensors to monitor/survey remotely the overall health of city
networks housed below transport corridors.
Technical Aspects:
Improved communication and control systems play a
key role. Low-dig, quiet-dig, no-dig and in-pipe robotic
‘repair and replace’ technologies maintain buried network
infrastructure in order to ensure minimal disruption to life at
street level.
Benefits (Examples):
Although the efficiency, cost and convenience benefits are
obvious, some social scientists caution against overreliance
on smart technology which underestimates the complexity
of human behaviour, e.g. by categorising individuals as
‘normal’ water users. Some argue that water savings,
for example, can be negated by more resource-intensive
practices (e.g. the increased power of new shower designs)
(Strengers 2011). By this analysis, a water efficiency culture
among individuals and communities would be needed in
order to complement technological advances.
8 Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Vision 3: Smart Homes City Networks
13. Vision 4: Cities the Underworld
Key Concept: As functions increasingly move underneath the city and interact there too, the focus
in the water sector is on how deep geology can be used to house combined systems designed to
deliver effective drainage, water, heating and cooling services.
Main Features:
• Interdependent underground systems provide
megacity-scale storage of water, heat and cold, and
manage the exchange of fresh, saline and geothermal
water as well as the recharging of aquifers.
• Water, energy and underground transport infrastructure
are managed in an integrated ‘system of systems’
embracing everything from individual buildings to the
geology located under the entire city.
• Saline groundwater is sometimes harnessed by surface
buildings for the exchange of heat and cold.
• As a result of the development of building-scale and
community-scale recycling models for utility services,
some existing underground water and drainage
networks become redundant but can be regenerated as
transport ducts that deliver other services/products via
their pipe space.
• During periods of low energy demand, wind-
powered brackish water desalination plants recharge
groundwater aquifers, using freshwater ‘lenses’ (i.e.
reservoirs without walls) located beneath cities and
nearby agricultural areas.
• Transfer of water between large underground storage
facilities and above-ground storage facilities is
integrated with energy storage and recovery systems.
• Integrated urban-rural catchment management takes
account of multiple users, including agriculture.
Geo-thermal heating/cooling
Bio retention areas with water permeability
Underground aquifer recharge
Underground water storage
What It Looks Like/How It Works:
As today, many cities are built around brackish estuaries
or coastal areas and so have access to saline surface and
groundwater. The local ‘underground agency’ is responsible
for issuing work permits to licensed repair and renewal
service contractors who meet the low-dig, quiet-dig and
no-dig criteria set out in the document ‘Managing in the
Underworld’, issued by the agency.
Technical Aspects:
The three-dimensional space beneath the city requires
accurate mapping, monitoring and modelling with
both infrastructure and service functions in mind (e.g.
groundwater recharge, heat flow). Near-surface utility
networks and infrastructure need to meet ‘smart’ criteria
(as described in Vision 3).
Benefits (Examples):
One key benefit is eliminating or reducing the need for
large surface-water reservoirs; such reservoirs represent an
opportunity cost in terms of preventing the land’s use for
other purposes (e.g. food production). Another is reduction
in traffic disruption due to excavations to access and repair
urban utility network assets.
9Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Vision 4: Cities the Underworld
14. Vision 5: Community Transition Cities
Key Concept: Concerns about water and other key resources drive a new approach to
environmental governance, based on changing communities’ habits and practices by ‘transitioning’
these to a more sustainable level. This transition is achieved through supported, utility-run
programmes.
Main Features:
• The role of utilities shifts from a primary focus on
resource provision to the facilitation of partnerships and
improved resource stewardship.
• Water stewardship comprises two mutually reinforcing
components: (i) strategic leadership; (ii) mobilisation of
stakeholders and of the wider public in managing the
system.
• A key goal of water utilities is to communicate the
water management situation in the locality and to build
a conversation with stakeholders and the wider public
about the potential choices and costs (environmental,
economic and social) of different investment options.
• Water utilities work in partnership with stakeholders and
the wider public to help communities find new ways of
achieving more efficient use of resources.
• Some of the measures and interventions taken focus on
ensuring that new technical features are implemented;
others revolve around a combination of technical
features and social negotiation; others are purely social
in scope.
Farming and allotment
communities
Productive landscape
and community housing
Canal side retail and
pedestrian-friendly
development
Water for leisure
and sports activity
What It Looks Like/How It Works:
Utilities invest significant time and energy in developing and
implementing long-term communications strategies, with
resulting programmes raising and exploring the relative
strengths of different options (e.g. the merits of investments
in technology, rather than in trying to achieve changes in
people’s service expectations).
Technical Aspects:
Interventions may see utilities working with businesses and
community groups to plan, implement and learn from the
installation of composting toilets across a site, or a water-
utility trade organisation working with toiletry manufacturers
to explore how the environmental and energy costs of
toiletries can be minimised. Proposals for installing a new
SuDS in a municipal park may require consultation and
negotiation with different sets of existing users. Water
usage reduction competitions between schools may involve
the installation of technical measures to cut water use
as well as provision of educational packs to support the
initiative. Social interventions might include water utilities
offering grants for youth groups to go ‘wild camping’, in the
knowledge that young people who experience living with
limited water are better able to adjust their water use at
home during times of scarcity.
Benefits (Examples):
As climate change combines with ageing infrastructure to
cause significant system failures, strategic leadership has
a key role to play in aiding the process of making urgent
choices about the appropriate level and type of investment
required. Mobilisation of stakeholders etc. opens up the
possibility of (i) new types of services being developed and
(ii) changing user expectations.
10 Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Vision 5: Community Transition Cities
15. 4. Eight Underpinning Challenges:
Research Status Needs
If future visions such as those outlined in Section 3 are to
be realised, a number of challenges need to be tackled.
Below, eight such challenges are identified. In each
case, together with a summary of its basic nature, the
importance of addressing it successfully and some of the
emerging priorities and opportunities, as well as a selection
of current/recent research innovation initiatives, are
highlighted. So too are some key questions that remain to
be addressed by such initiatives.
It is important to note that – as a result of the many linkages
and interactions that exist across different spheres of urban
research, development and innovation – the following
challenges are not specific to individual visions but may
underpin a number of them. Correspondingly, measures
designed to address specific water-related issues in the
cities of the future may span several of the challenges
discussed.
11Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Eight Underpinning Challenges: Research Status Needs
16. Water Quantity/Quality for Life, Health Leisure
Nature of the Challenge: This challenge embraces the most vital water needs of urban
communities now and in the future, in terms of both water quantity and quality. It is vital to remember
that, until the introduction of piped water supplies in the 20th century, human dwellings mainly
developed within short walking distance of freshwater sources (rivers, springs, wells, rainfall capture
surfaces etc.) that could be harnessed for basic drinking water, cooking and washing purposes.
While these sources still exist in most cities, they may be contaminated (accidentally or maliciously) or
insufficient to keep pace with 21st century urban population densities.
Importance, Priorities, Opportunities:
• Water represents by far the largest mass and volume
moved in and out of cities every day. Each person in
UK cities has a local water footprint that includes 60m3
of drinking water per year (Thames Water 2015) and
production of about the same amount of wastewater
(British Water 2009). The question is: if these needs are
to become sourced more locally in future, how will cities
and catchments cope?
• Until the introduction of the flush toilet, most human
waste was conveyed to land, cesspits or drainage
ditches/watercourses within walking distance of
dwellings – posing a waterborne disease risk via
potential contamination of a city’s surface and
groundwater sources used to supply drinking water.
Illness and death from typhoid, cholera and dysentery
still pose a major health hazard in cities lacking
adequate sanitation. Even today, nearly 2000 children
under five are estimated to die every day due to poor
water, sanitation or hygiene (Unicef 2013). There is also
a risk of the spread of antimicrobial resistant genes
through groundwater.
• Across the globe, rapid urbanisation in low-income
countries have spurred the development of mega-cities.
In particular, water and sanitation in ‘peri-urban’ areas
(i.e. areas located between suburbs and countryside)
associated with unplanned city growth pose a huge
challenge for water supply, drainage and waste disposal
in terms of quantity, quality and safeguarding health; in
such cases, adoption of more waterless and ‘network-
light’ decentralised solutions could yield benefits.
• Research has shown that consumption habits are
not static, but are a consequence of dynamic social
practices embedded in social, cultural and material
conditions (Medd and Shove 2005; Pullinger et al.
2013; Sharp 2006). Routines such as washing, heating,
cooling and showering can be shaped, reinforced or
challenged both by systems of provision and by the
infrastructure incorporated into the built environment,
with further work needed to understand the interactions
between energy, water and carbon.
Current/Recent Research – Some Examples:
• Sustainable Practices Research Group – this
consortium aimed to enhance, from a social science
perspective, understanding of how habits in areas of
everyday consumption form, reproduce and may be
changed. (Supported by ESRC)
• Risks and Responses to Urban Futures – this
project is exploring the intersections between ecosystem
services and poverty in peri-urban areas of India, and
the implications for urban development. (Supported by
NERC)
• Changes in Urbanisation and its Effects on Water
Quantity and Quality from Local to Regional
Scale – this project aims to advance understanding of
urbanisation’s fine-scale impacts on water resources and
pollution. (A NERC CEH initiative)
• Clean Water for All – this UK/US initiative aims to
improve understanding of urban water use and flood risk
management in the context of ensuring sustainability and
resilience in water engineering. (Supported by EPSRC
and the US National Science Foundation)
• Safe and SuRe: Towards a New Paradigm for Urban
Water Management – this university fellowship aims to
develop a new approach to water management in UK
cities that delivers not only safety but also sustainability
and resilience. (Supported by EPSRC)
• Joint Programme Initiative, Water – under the banner
‘Water Challenges for a Changing World’, this focuses on
water and hydrological science in the context of the need
to ensure water’s availability in sufficient quantities and at
adequate quality. (Supported by the EU and 19 national
partners)
• PREPARED: Enabling Change – this collaboration
worked with urban utilities in Europe and worldwide
to develop advanced strategies to meet anticipated
challenges in water supply and sanitation brought about
by climate change. (Supported by the EU)
12 Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Water Quantity/Quality for Life, Health Leisure
17. Kallang River Bishan Park, Singapore, courtesy of National Parks Board, Singapore
Key Questions Research Gaps:
• How will climate change affect waterborne disease
vectors in cities (e.g. will reintroduction of wetlands
and marshy areas drained in the 1900s require action
to reduce insect vectors)?
• What is the significance of urban diffuse pollution
sources, in terms of their impact on sediments in
surface waters?
• What impacts do urban water pollution and the
potential passage of invasive species have on
protected sites?
• How can green infrastructure be used to manage
surface water and urban water pollution, while
providing biodiversity and access to greenspace?
• What are the water quantity and quality implications of
growing food in the city under different systems?
• How can decision-making processes and regulation
be changed to encourage development of multi-
functional places?
• Where, why and when do communities work together
to manage urban watercourses – and what is needed
for aspects of this ‘formula’ to be reproduced
elsewhere?
13Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Water Quantity/Quality for Life, Health Leisure
18. End-user City-dweller Behaviour/Demand
Nature of the Challenge: Using water more efficiently and, if possible, cutting overall demand
are key goals for cities of the future, offering important benefits from both an environmental and an
economic perspective. This is particularly the case in view of anticipated strains on water supplies
resulting from rising populations and climate change.
Importance, Priorities, Opportunities:
• Encouraging uptake of water-efficient technologies and
an increase in water-efficient lifestyles and behaviour,
among domestic and other users, has a crucial role
to play not just in cities but across society. Currently,
water-efficient technologies are not widespread, nor
are they expected to become so (Chappels and Medd
2008). If water efficiency is to become the norm,
barriers and deterrents to take-up need to be better
understood.
• Whether people are buying a newly built home or live in
an older property, they have a level of choice whether to
install and use water-efficient technologies. Waterwise’s
‘House of the Future’ project is already examining
social, technological and financial barriers, while a
recent Waterwise/UKWRIP workshop highlighted the
importance of tackling social and behavioural issues,
especially in terms of how these interact with financial
and technological barriers, and how they might be
addressed through marketing, demonstration and
awareness-raising initiatives.
• The Patterns of Water Consumption project (see below)
has argued that interventions using tariffs, technology
or information to influence behaviour are based on an
overly simple model of how people behave. It sets out
an alternative view that targeting consumers effectively
means focusing on things they want to use water for
(e.g. laundry, gardening), rather than the total quantity
of water they use. For example, showering more
than once a day mostly occurs among young people
(Browne et al. 2013), so working with that specific
group to examine whether, how and when the practice
might be influenced could offer a productive way
forward.
• A parallel set of social issues relate to flood
preparedness and resilience. Householders and
businesses in places vulnerable to flooding can take
a series of actions to minimise damage and distress
if and when a flood occurs (e.g. registering for
information, having a flood plan, modifying aspects
of their building). To date, however, actions tend to be
most developed in locations that have flooded recently,
raising questions about how wider awareness regarding
flood risk and preparatory actions can be achieved in
vulnerable locations where flooding has not occurred in
recent years (Butler and Pidgeon 2011).
Current/Recent Research – Some Examples:
• Environmental Assessment of Domestic Laundering
– this project has assessed domestic laundry practices
with a view to highlighting how changes that result in
health, economic and environmental benefits can be
achieved. (Supported by EPSRC)
• Greywater – this initiative aimed to develop an effective
greywater treatment appliance that uses a specially
formulated, environmentally benign sterilant solution.
(Supported by Innovate UK)
• Patterns of Water Consumption – this project has
explored everyday domestic practices that use water
and the diverse patterns that those practices can take,
through a survey of 1800 people. (Supported by ESRC).
• Urban Big Data Centre – this unique research resource
promotes the use of innovative methods and complex
urban data to address challenges facing cities worldwide.
(Supported by ESRC)
• The Impact of Price and Information on Water
Consumption – this project is evaluating how consumer
behaviour is changing in response to a Universal Metering
Programme launched by Southern Water. (Supported by
ESRC)
14 Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: End-user City-dweller Behaviour/Demand
19. Action for the River Kennet (ARK)
Key Questions Research Gaps:
• What is needed to overcome cultural, social and
economic barriers to using less water? How can
people be encouraged to change their lifestyles and
behaviour, and how can households be encouraged
to install and use water-efficient and energy-efficient
technologies?
• How can regulatory bodies, urban planners, industry
and other key influencers be encouraged to develop
and promote water-efficient behaviour, policies,
technologies and blue-green infrastructure?
• How does the property marketing and rental sector
view the value of, and other issues relating to,
properties that have a greater proportion of water-
efficient technologies, such as rainwater harvesting
and water reuse?
• Could research looking at the relationship between
water use and other services/utilities (e.g. electricity,
gas) highlight interesting interrelationships and enable
water consumption to be inferred from electricity
metering, for example?
• Could research aid the development of new low-
energy or zero-energy solutions for pumping water
collected by rainwater harvesting installations?
• When/how/should the public be engaged in broader
decisions about society’s water choices (e.g.
choosing between reducing water demand and the
environmental damage and financial cost of new
investment)?
15Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: End-user City-dweller Behaviour/Demand
20. Infrastructure: Above Ground
Nature of the Challenge: With respect to infrastructure, is small beautiful or is it a case of big-is-
best? Is centralised better than decentralised? Debate has long raged, along with claim and counter-
claim, about the most appropriate scale for the provision of water services in cities. Above-ground
infrastructure is a key case in point. (See next challenge for below-ground infrastructure.)
Importance, Priorities, Opportunities:
• Reaching robust conclusions about how above-ground
water-related infrastructure can best meet diverse
(and sometimes potentially conflicting) economic,
environmental and other requirements is vital to the
success of the cities of the future.
• Currently, cities have very centralised water systems
that operate on a ‘command and control’ basis. The
latest thinking, however, argues that local or semi-
localised systems are the way forward, offering a range
of practical, economic and environmental benefits
(Zhang et al. 2009).
• In the UK, only tentative steps have been made towards
developing and implementing more decentralised
approaches to water service provision. Examples
include SuDS, in addition to rainwater and greywater
recycling. Guidance and regulation around these
measures is disparate and inconsistent, and the
applications are far from widespread. However, they
could considerably reduce reliance on water from far-
distant sources and help deliver water security in times
of drought, plus give greater resilience generally. Local
water storage/treatment might yield similar benefits but
requires a new conception of water and wastewater
infrastructures; marrying this idea with roof gardens,
urban farms and other urban green infrastructure
systems could enable implementation of improved city
water systems.
• Traditionally, infrastructure has been left to the water
industry. Although overall they have done a good
job to date, developing new solutions for the future
requires the engagement of the wider water sector, key
stakeholders and customers.
Current/Recent Research – Some Examples:
• Pennine Water Group (PWG): Urban Water Systems
for a Changing World – this initiative focuses on
sustainable integrated systems, water-sensitive urban
design and the development of new technologies.
(Supported by EPSRC)
• Ciria Scoping Report, Ideas Booklet and Advice
Note – construction industry research information
association Ciria has identified further work needed in the
field of water-sensitive urban design.
• TRUST: TRansitions to the Urban Water Services
of Tomorrow – this multinational project is researching
innovations and tools to create a more sustainable water
future, with results to be tested in pilot cities/regions.
(Supported by the EU)
• City Blueprints Action Group – aiming to improve
the implementation capacities of cities and regions, this
initiative has set out to establish a network of European
cities that share best practice in the sphere of urban
water-cycle services. (Supported by the EU)
• Liveable Cities – this project is developing a City
Design Framework that will measure how cities operate
and perform in terms of their people, environment and
governance, taking account of wellbeing and resource
security. (Supported by EPSRC)
• Land of the MUSCos – this project has researched
and promoted the establishment of Multi-Utility Service
Companies (MUSCos) that offer a single point of service
to multiple utilities and profit from service delivery rather
than product sales. (Supported by EPSRC)
16 Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Infrastructure: Above Ground
21. Image courtesy of XP Solutions Software Ltd
Key Questions Research Gaps:
• What are the costs and benefits of different scales of
provision, especially in terms of possible economies
of scale, system performance and reliability, and
what changes in behaviour and attitude are needed if
services are localised?
• What should a ‘blue-green-grey’ integrated water
management strategy encompass for new greenfield
development? What new stakeholder relationships and
engineering/other processes are needed, in terms of
urban socio-technical systems, governance structures
etc.?
• How can water be valued and priced in order to find
ways to pay for new or upgraded water systems,
while factoring-in risk? Answering this question will
inform ‘willingness to pay’ discussions, as will better
understanding of the impacts of extreme weather
events.
• Is it possible to develop cost-effective solutions that
can reduce loads on infrastructure systems resulting
from population and environmental pressures?
• Could local sourcing of water and the matching of
water quality to water use transform the water supply
landscape, yielding benefits in terms of the amount of
energy and other resources used in the treatment and
transportation of water?
• Can business models for the delivery of non-
conventional solutions be developed further (and
linked to the new retail separation in the industry
introduced by the 2014 Water Act3
)?
• What are the downstream effects of changing the
urban water infrastructure on the surrounding rural
and agricultural landscape, for example, flooding or
polluting of grassland or arable areas?
17Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Infrastructure: Above Ground
3
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2014/21/contents/enacted
22. Infrastructure: Below Ground
Nature of the Challenge: Away from reservoirs and treatment works, infrastructure systems are
typically buried underground. This means that, as well as being part of the built environment, they
interface closely and (to an extent) exist symbiotically with the natural environment. In particular,
they are subject to stresses associated with a range of mechanical, chemical and environmental
phenomena, which also accelerate the ageing processes affecting the materials and components
that buried infrastructure systems consist of. All of these factors can adversely impact system
performance.
Importance, Priorities, Opportunities:
• Water and wastewater infrastructure systems are
sophisticated and complex, interfacing with the public
at the point of use. In addition, many dependencies
and interdependencies exist with other infrastructure
systems and other rural or urban systems too.
Ensuring that below-ground infrastructure is fit for
purpose, now and into the future, is therefore not only
of key importance in terms of continuity of supply
and economic/environmental performance; it is also
an extremely complicated issue. Dependencies and
interdependencies provide not only risks, but also
opportunities that novel business models might be able
to exploit.
• A major challenge, especially relevant to cities,
revolves around congestion and its mitigation. Water
and wastewater infrastructure systems, which are
commonly buried beneath roads, can significantly affect
this issue. Primarily, traffic congestion is exacerbated
by streetworks – and to a far greater degree when
trenching is relied on, as opposed to minimum-dig
or no-dig methods. Furthermore, all three of the
interdependent infrastructures involved (buried utility
infrastructure, transport/road infrastructure, and the
ground/geotechnical infrastructure that supports
both of these) are affected and often damaged when
physical interventions are applied to buried utility
infrastructure systems.
• ‘Trenchless technologies’ have great potential but
are greatly underexploited, partly due to the business
models and business cases that are currently applied
to streetworks. If the value of using these technologies
could be captured and alignment achieved between
‘who pays?’ and ‘who benefits?’, the overall benefits
could be substantial.
• Overall, use of underground space is potentially a
key enabler of more sustainable and resilient cities.
Although shallow depths are already often heavily
congested with a spaghetti of utility pipes and cables,
enormous scope exists to utilise lower depths in a
range of innovative, imaginative and productive ways.
Current/Recent Research – Some Examples:
• International Centre for Infrastructure Futures
(ICIF) – this national-scale initiative aims to enable
better exploitation of technical and market opportunities
emerging from increased interdependence of
infrastructure systems. (Supported by EPSRC ESRC)
• i-BUILD: Infrastructure BUsiness models,
valuation and Innovation for Local Delivery – at the
neighbourhood, town and city scale, this collaboration
is analysing innovative business models around
infrastructure interdependencies. (Supported by EPSRC
ESRC)
• Smart Infrastructure: Wireless Sensor Network
System for Condition Assessment and Monitoring
of Infrastructure – this collaboration aimed to develop
low-cost sensing for the monitoring of ageing public
infrastructure. (Supported by EPSRC)
• Mapping the Underworld: Multi-sensor Device
Creation, Assessment, Protocols – this international
collaboration aimed to create an innovative device
combining radar, acoustics etc. to locate underground
utilities. (Supported by EPSRC)
• Assessing the Underworld: An Integrated
Performance Model of City Infrastructures – this
major international project aims to use geophysical
sensors to determine the condition of buried water
pipes without the need to excavate them. (Supported by
EPSRC)
18 Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Infrastructure: Below Ground
23. Copyright Keller Group plc
Key Questions Research Gaps:
• How can future functional performance (in terms of
leakage, pollution etc.) and asset life be determined
swiftly, accurately and, ideally, remotely through
sensors, remote sensing and condition/deterioration
models, in order to deliver commercial, social and
environmental benefits?
• What role could monitoring and smart operation using
sensors and sensor systems play in optimising system
operation and maintenance?
• How can detection, location and mapping of buried
assets be improved, along with the creation and
maintenance of accurate, up-to-date records of buried
infrastructure? How can asset condition/performance
data and interactions with other infrastructure systems
be added to this core data?
• How can greater intelligence be gathered to inform
streetworks?
• How can greater use of, and greater innovation
in the field of, multi-utility conduits and tunnels be
encouraged in order to yield multiple benefits (e.g.
when combined with sensors, maintenance regimes
could be transformed, performance enhanced etc.)?
• Could the huge range of ‘trenchless technologies’ be
more widely exploited?
19Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Infrastructure: Below Ground
24. City Groundwater Management
Nature of the Challenge: Although closely related to the issue of below-ground infrastructure,
groundwater – and specifically its function, governance and sustainable management in an urban
context – demands special consideration. Any city-centric model of water issues has to take
groundwater into account and recognise that water resources are supplied from a wider catchment
area extending beyond the city’s administrative boundary, with flows into and out of the city hub
requiring consideration.
Importance, Priorities, Opportunities:
• Groundwater is intimately linked to people (water
supply, amenity), environment (ecology, biodiversity,
hazards) and industry (energy, construction, agriculture,
infrastructure). According to the ecosystem services
philosophy, it offers provisioning (water supply, heat),
regulating (water quality, heat), cultural (amenity)
and platform (construction, drainage) services
(Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005). There
may be competition between agricultural and urban
environments for the use of ground water.
• In cities, groundwater interests extend to: water supply;
ecological and amenity value of groundwater-dependent
rivers and wetlands; and provision of geothermal ground-
source heating and cooling. Groundwater supports
over half of all public water supply in SE England
(Environment Agency, undated) and accounts for around
60% flow of the River Thames in London (NERC 2008).
• From a city perspective, groundwater-related concerns
include: flooding (acute flooding during extreme rainfall
events, plus chronic flooding as groundwater levels
rise beneath cities in response to reduced groundwater
abstraction); groundwater ingress into subsurface
infrastructure and services (e.g. posing problems for
sewers, as well as for construction projects associated
with shallow groundwater and saturated land); and
deterioration of water quality due to pollution.
• Groundwater influences the regulation of subsurface
processes and services in cities; for example, the
capacity for SuDS, managed aquifer recharge, dilution
of wastewater, dissipation of contaminants, regulation
of the urban heat island, and subsurface building and
infrastructure design.
• Many cities are built on geology that includes
permeable strata which may be used as a resource
of water for drinking or for industrial, irrigation or
cooling/heating purposes. In many cases, urban
industrialisation and human wastewater pollution may
have reduced groundwater quality to levels where it is
uneconomic to use as a high-quality resource.
• Rainfall falling on hard surfaces in cities is mainly
drained to wastewater plants and storm overflows,
reducing the natural recharge of groundwater with
potentially higher-quality water. London is one of the
few cities where a Managed Aquifer Recharge scheme
(NLARS – North London Aquifer Recharge and Storage)
has been constructed. At present, recharge is provided
from surplus fully treated drinking water available during
winter periods.
Current/Recent Research – Some Examples:
• BGS Groundwater Programme – this NERC British
Geological Survey (BGS) programme addresses issues
related to: the sustainability of water resources and
quality; the impacts of environmental change on the
water cycle; natural hazards; and groundwater human
health.
• Sub-Urban – this European network involves geological
surveys, cities and research partners working together to
improve the management of the ground beneath cities.
(Supported by the EU)
• Accessing Subsurface Knowledge – this data and
knowledge exchange network aims to aid understanding
of ground conditions and so help delivery of successful
construction and regeneration projects. (Developed by
BGS and Glasgow City Council)
• Provision of Subsurface Information Relevant to
SuDS and Infiltration – BGS is actively engaged in a
range of research related to SuDS, aimed at maximising
the benefits of these systems and understanding/
mitigating their impacts.
20 Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: City Groundwater Management
26. Risk Resilience to Extreme Events
Nature of the Challenge: Cities have been built in a wide range of climatic areas, from deserts to
monsoon regions. Understanding the risks they face in terms of extreme weather events and building
resilience against these is a key challenge, especially in view of the evidence that climate change may
alter both annual rainfall patterns and the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events. Evidence
also exists that cities may alter local climates by generating a heat island effect and disturbing rainfall
patterns. In addition to natural hazards, wider threats to city infrastructure may result from changes in
policies and governance, economic crisis, war and acts of terrorism.
Importance, Priorities, Opportunities:
• The UK Met Office defines extreme or violent rainfall
in the UK as greater than 50mm per hour (equivalent
to a typical month’s total rainfall) (Met Office 2012).
City drainage systems of the future are likely to have
to withstand and manage the impacts of such events
more frequently. Recent research on Southern Britain
conducted by the Met Office and Newcastle University
has indicated that, according to current climate change
predictions, rainfall events with an intensity of over
29mm per hour will become five times more common
by 2100. Such intensities are often associated with
flash-flooding (Kendon et al. 2014).
• Current rainfall events and drainage designs in the city
of Singapore may provide an indication of the future
needs of cities located in rainfall regions presently
categorised as ‘moderate’: 60mm of rainfall per hour
has a 2 year return period, whereas 150mm of rainfall
per hour has a 100 year return period (Public Utilities
Board, Singapore 2011).
• Although understanding of how water impacts on
infrastructure has improved, there is still a significant
amount of work to do in fields such as climate change,
extreme weather events, water scarcity and critical
interdependencies between different infrastructure
networks (e.g. electrical networks provide power for
water infrastructure systems).
Current/Recent Research – Some Examples:
• BlueGreenCities – using Newcastle as a demonstration
city, this project aims to develop new strategies for
managing urban flood risk as part of wider, integrated
urban planning intended to achieve environmental
enhancement and urban renewal. (Supported by EPSRC)
• Before the Flood – this project explored the scope to
build resilience among hard-to-reach urban communities
at risk of flooding by staging performance events and
developing narrative-based audio resources, for example.
(Supported by AHRC)
• CONVEX – with the aim of helping to improve prediction
of changes in extreme rainfall, this initiative is investigating
improvements in the simulation of extreme rainfall by
regional climate models. (Supported by NERC)
• Organisational Operational Response and Strategic
Decision Making for Long Term Flood Preparedness
in Urban Areas – this initiative is developing a model
that can help organisations make themselves more
resilient to flooding. (Supported by EPSRC)
• Flooding from Intense Rainfall – this programme
aims to reduce the risks of damage and loss of life due
to surface water flooding and flash-floods by better
understanding processes that contribute to flooding
associated with high-intensity rainfall. (Supported by
NERC)
• UK Droughts and Water Scarcity – this programme
aims to aid decision-making relating to droughts and
water scarcity by examining the interrelationships
between their drivers and impacts. (Supported by NERC,
with ESRC, BBSRC, AHRC and EPSRC)
• Flood MEMORY: Multi-Event Monitoring Of Risk
and recoverY – this project is looking at the most critical
flood scenarios caused by sequences/clusters of extreme
events striking vulnerable flood defences, urban areas,
communities and businesses. (Supported by EPSRC)
• National Hydrological Monitoring Programme
– this programme provides an authoritative voice on
hydrological conditions and trends throughout the UK.
(Jointly undertaken by CEH and BGS)
• RAMSES: Reconciling Adaptation, Mitigation and
Sustainable development for citiES – the main aim
of this project is to deliver quantified evidence of climate
change impacts and the costs/benefits of a range of
adaptation measures, focusing on cities. (Supported by
the EU)
• SESAME – this project is developing tools that
encourage small and medium-sized businesses to
discover ways of becoming more resilient to floods and
to appreciate how much better off they will be once they
have adapted to the ongoing risk. (Supported by EPSRC)
22 Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Risk Resilience to Extreme Events
27. • Storm Risk Mitigation – comprising three inter-
connected projects, this programme has aimed to
improve short-term and longer-term forecasting of
storms and their impacts on catchments and coasts.
(Supported by NERC)
• Threats to Infrastructures: Consolidation,
Collaboration and Future Orientation – this research
involves constructing and analysing ‘timelines’ of
infrastructure protection policy and of mass population
response to see how and why policy changes.
(Supported by ESRC)
• STEPS (Social, Technological and Environmental
Pathways to Sustainability) Centre – in fields as such
food/agriculture, health/disease and water/sanitation, this
centre looks at how pathways to sustainability can be
built in today’s complex world. (Supported by ESRC)
23Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Risk Resilience to Extreme Events
Key Questions Research Gaps:
• How can research on extreme events (e.g. regarding
interventions and resilience with respect to droughts
and flooding) be integrated with whole-system
understanding?
• What further preparations could help to combat the
expected increase in the frequency and magnitude of
extreme climatic events, beyond ‘grey engineering’
approaches? Research is needed on: resilience-
building (i.e. emergency planning); innovative
warning systems; clean-up; costs (i.e. who pays?);
infrastructure protection planning/policies; and user
behaviour.
• What impact will climate change have on water in
cities, as a result of rainfall, river, groundwater and
sewer flooding, and taking account of preceding
conditions?
• How can properly integrated water-cycle models that
improve resilience best be developed?
• What rainfall intensity scenarios should future cities be
considering for the period 2050-2100?
• What innovations in governance systems and
structures are likely to enable government and industry
to respond effectively to predicted and unforeseen
environmental hazards?
• What mitigation strategies should be in place in case
of major malicious disruption to water supplies or the
contamination of drinking water (including the role
of communications and raising public awareness on
required actions to minimise negative impacts)?
28. Environment Ecosystems
Nature of the Challenge: Cities of the future will need to consider the wider environment and how
the goods and services they depend on are secured. Population growth and climate-driven events
are two key factors that could result in greater reliance on local provision. In such a scenario, local
ecosystems not only need to be protected – they could also help to meet demand by providing a wide
range of goods and services.
Importance, Priorities, Opportunities:
• Urban ecosystems are one of eight categorised
habitat types identified in the UK National Ecosystem
Assessment (2011). The key goods, services and
benefits these ecosystems provide are: access to
good-quality urban green and blue space, facilitation
of positive mental health and childhood development
as well as physical health; promotion of community
cohesion, neighbourhood development and social/
environmental citizenship, through the use of
greenspace; improved water quality and quantity, both
of which are adversely affected by impermeable urban
land.
• Systematic collection of data on the natural
environment in towns and cities is poor. For example,
while domestic gardens cover 22-27% total urban
area in many cities (RHS 2011), little is known about
their condition; they are also at risk from infilling, non-
permeable surfacing, low biodiversity and reduction in
size.
• Huge opportunities exist, to seek nature-based
solutions that improve and enhance ecosystem goods
and services, including:
o Multi-functional use of space to improve access
to greenspace, to reduce heat island effects, to
minimise flood risks and to reduce pollution.
o Increased planting of trees and creation of ‘green
bridges’.
o Leaving rivers in a more natural state to enhance
local flood mitigation and flood storage capacity,
while reducing downstream flooding, as a cost-
effective alternative to traditional engineering.
o Meeting community-led demand for cultivation by
converting non-permeable surfaces and by provision
of spaces in parks and areas of non-contaminated
brownfield land.
o Creating, maintaining and championing good quality,
accessible blue-green spaces, parks and woodlands
in high population density areas, and encouraging
better use of gardens.
o Sustainable use of above-ground SuDS in cities.
o Use of storm water and groundwater, including
greater use of bio-retention and rain gardens.
Current/Recent Research – Some Examples:
• Fragments, Functions, Flows and Urban Ecosystem
Services (F3
UES) – this collaboration is looking at
how the biodiversity of towns and cities contributes to
human wellbeing through delivery of ecosystem services.
(Supported by NERC)
• Urban River Corridors and Sustainable Agendas
(URSULA) – this project investigated the sustainable
development of urban river corridors. (Supported by
EPSRC)
• Hydrological Extremes and Feedbacks in the
Changing Water Cycle – this project integrated
climate science and hydrological science to take
impact modelling beyond the previous state of the art.
(Supported by NERC)
• The Mersey Forest – involving and supported by
multiple partners including Natural England and Liverpool
City Council, this growing network of woodlands and
greenspaces across Cheshire and Merseyside has been
creating ‘woodlands on your doorstep’ for 20 years.
• FAAN: focusing on Alternative Agri-Food Networks
(AAFNs) – this collaboration investigated a range of
networks (community gardens, farmers’ markets etc.)
characterised by economic relations going beyond
market relations. (Supported by the EU)
24 Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Environment Ecosystems
29. Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Environment Ecosystems 25
EDITT Tower, Copyright T.R. Hamzah Yeang Sdn. Bhd. (2015)
Key Questions Research Gaps:
• What are the environmental implications of the use
of above-ground SuDS in cities and the use of
storm water and groundwater, including greater use
of bio-retention and rain gardens?
• What would be a good ecosystem management
approach to rivers, surface waters, flood
management and sustainable drainage in cities?
• How can long-term monitoring be best applied to
the development of urban wetland ecosystems, in
terms of their benefits (e.g. biodiversity, amenity),
drawbacks (e.g. insects, rats, disease vectors) and
implications for operational management?
• What challenges would urban farming (e.g.
aquaculture, use of roof space and walls) pose for
water and ecosystem management in future cities?
• How can our primitive understanding of the
interactions between human and ecological
functions in cities be improved?
• How can the increase in ecological planning be
reflected in formal urban planning systems?
• How can an ecosystems approach be best
applied to urban water management and how can
understanding of the impacts of key catchment
pressures be improved?
• What influence will climate change and changing
demographics have on growing demand for water
(e.g. for showers, gardens) and potential increases
in food production in future cities?
• What are the health, social and environmental
benefits of creating or enhancing blue space?
• As urban problems may stem from catchment
issues in rural areas and vice versa, can integrated
rural/urban catchment management be developed
effectively?
• How might discharge permits relate more directly
to chemical water quality, ecosystems and ‘good
ecological status’ under the Water Framework
Directive?
30. Cross-cutting Issues Whole-system Approaches
Nature of the Challenge: As this paper demonstrates, very few issues relating to water management
for cities can be separated from drivers and impacts originating well beyond the water industry and
water science. Optimising the relationship between water and the cities of the future will therefore
require a focus not just on a range of cross-cutting issues but also on ‘whole-system approaches’
that integrate different parts of socio-economic systems and recognise the impact that every part of a
system will have on every other part.
Importance, Priorities, Opportunities:
• Currently, water management in cities is hampered
by the disconnect between different governing
organisations: local authorities, regulators, and water,
waste and energy suppliers. In view of the many
interfaces that exist with other systems (political,
infrastructural, community, economic, behavioural
etc.), system linkages need to be understood and the
complexity of urban systems needs to be recognised.
• The UK’s Natural Capital Committee has highlighted
concerns at the failure to recognise the value of
natural assets when considering urban/infrastructure
development (Natural Capital Committee 2015). A
more holistic and integrated planning approach would
need to consider the availability of (and sustainable
management for the provision of): water (including
water quality); energy; food; natural flood protection;
waste management; and risks/opportunities in the
sphere of health wellbeing.
• When ensuring the viability of any major development
with regard to sustainable living, the starting point
needs to be a comprehensive understanding both
of the natural assets and of the goods and services
potentially available within the area (e.g. a catchment)
that will accommodate that development. The UK
National Ecosystem Assessment 2011, which followed
the 2005 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, provided
the first analysis of the UK’s natural environment in
terms of the overall benefits it provides for society and
for continuing economic prosperity.
• Over the next 50 years, there will be many opportunities
to make use of rapidly developing sensor, data
collection/analysis and computer modelling capabilities.
Key topics with the potential to play a pivotal role in
cities of the future include: ICT for smart water and
energy devices; smart networks; and home water/
energy control hubs.
Current/Recent Research – Some Examples:
• REFIT: Personalised Retrofit Decision Support for
UK Homes Using Smart Home Technology – with a
focus on energy, this project aims to facilitate uptake of
retrofit measures through a holistic approach to providing
consumers with tailored advice. (Supported by EPSRC)
• Running the River Thames: London, Stakeholders
and the Environmental Governance of the Thames,
1960-2010 – this project provided a historical account
of changing modes of public participation and political
legitimacy. (Supported by ESRC)
• ReVISIONS: Regional Visions of Integrated
Sustainable Infrastructure Optimised for
NeighbourhoodS – this project set out to help public
agencies and private companies plan in a more co-
ordinated and integrated way. (Supported by EPSRC)
• Future Cities Catapult – focused on urban innovation,
this centre is exploring how cities can take a more joined-
up approach to the way they plan and operate, in order
to improve quality of life, strengthen their economy and
protect the environment. (Supported by Innovate UK)
• Risks and Responses to Urban Futures – this
project is exploring the intersections between ecosystem
services and poverty in peri-urban areas of India, and
the implications for urban development. (Supported by
NERC)
• ‘Smarter’ Homes?: A Netnographic Exploration
of Low Carbon Living – this initiative is exploring
experiences of occupants of low-carbon/energy-efficient
housing to understand energy demand creation and how
technology influences energy use. (Supported by ESRC)
26 Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Cross-cutting Issues Whole-system Approaches
32. 5. Towards Tomorrow: City Simulators
Demonstrators
When exploring the opportunities and evaluating the risks associated with water and its role in the
cities of the future, city simulators and demonstrators offer a potentially effective means not only of
‘de-risking’ innovative ideas but also of testing their interactions with non-water systems.
• City Simulators:
w Although still at a very early stage of development
and application, computer simulations using cities as
‘living laboratories’ and validated through experiments
and demonstrators present one of the most exciting
opportunities to improve the quality of urban living for all
citizens.
w City simulators could help to target research designed
to deliver better city planning, by creating interactive
models that incorporate infrastructure, ecosystems,
planning and maintenance, resilience to extreme events,
socio-economic service levels, and demand and pricing
systems for water, food, energy and transport.
w City simulator models need to embrace: individual
human and community behaviours; individual building
and city network scales; and operational timescales
ranging from hours to decades.
w A simulator could cover issues such as hydrology,
engineered networks, water quality, heat balance,
greenhouse gas footprint and ecosystem benefits,
factoring-in issues such as groundwater, rainfall, in-city
water mass balance and domestic/community-scale
water use and reuse. This would enable testing and
virtual engineering of innovative concepts, and the
building of a picture of whole water-cycle management
at domestic, city and catchment scale.
• City Demonstrators:
w Community-scale city demonstrators could aid
investigation of the life-cycles and interactions of
innovative solutions to water, food, waste and energy
management challenges in the urban communities of
tomorrow.
w Such demonstrators could, for example, focus on smart
homes, smart networks, robotic repair technologies,
urban agriculture, ecosystem and aquifer recharge,
sustainable drainage, and floating cityscapes.
w Severn Trent Water is currently planning a major urban
water demonstrator within the city of Birmingham.
w Innovate UK’s Future Cities initiative will award funding
to the UK city or urban area that delivers the best
proposal for a large-scale ‘future cities demonstrator’
integrating multiple systems and addressing a range of
challenges facing the cities of tomorrow.
28 Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Towards Tomorrow: City Simulators Demonstrators
CITIES: SKYLINES(r) (c)[2015] Paradox Interactive AB. All rights reserved. www.paradoxplaza.com
33. 6. Conclusions Next Steps
Envisioning cities of the future that are focused around
different approaches to water management can help
us understand how water as a system of systems can
improve our quality of life. Setting out exemplar visions of
the kind presented in this paper can also aid the process
of identifying what research and other tools are needed to
achieve them, or selected components of them. Developing
and exploring such visions, then, adds real value to the
debate about the future relationship between water and
cities, and needs to be given due priority.
If these or similar visions are to become reality – especially
in the context of increasing pressures on water and land,
increased urbanisation and the effects of climate change
– substantial research innovation challenges need
to be addressed successfully. Key topics include: the
potential of blue-green infrastructure for flood resilience;
community approaches to water management; the need
for new governance and regulatory models; ecosystem
approaches and integrated urban/rural catchment
management; increased monitoring and sensors; managed
aquifer recharge; the effects of urban agriculture and
climate change on water quality; and the use of urban
demonstrators and city simulators to test new technologies
and approaches.
29Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Conclusions Next Steps
Next Steps
UKWRIP is keen to work further with the Foresight
‘Future of Cities’ project to identify the many water-
related opportunities and challenges that UK cities
will face in the future. In this document, we set out
to highlight the issues that need to be addressed in
order for cities in the UK and across the globe to be
resilient, to be adaptable and to thrive.
To assist further discussion and deliberation, we
offer four very broad recommendations relevant
to the UK research, development innovation
communities, and which Foresight may wish to
support:
1) Encourage the use, refinement and
augmentation of the visions included in this
publication, adapting them where needed, in
order to engage with city authorities and help
them develop their future city plans.
2) For each of the eight underpinning challenges
described, note the gaps highlighted in this
publication as a result of synthesising past
research outputs, and encourage further review
and assessment of existing and planned research
to see how those gaps are being addressed.
3) Promote further engagement between relevant
researchers and users of urban research in
order to translate research outputs into targeted
outputs for users (planners, policy-makers,
businesses, community organisations etc.).
4) Support and inform the development of research
innovation opportunities through the UK
Research Councils, Innovate UK and business
partners (e.g. water utilities and consultancies)
such as multi-disciplinary programmes, city
simulators and city demonstrators, to address
the challenges described.
34. Appendix 1
Authors contributors:
Tony Rachwal: independent consultant
Jim Wharfe: independent consultant (formerly of the
Environment Agency)
Stephanie Bricker: British Geological Survey
Liz Sharp: University of Sheffield
Graham Leeks: CEH
Faith Culshaw: NERC/UKWRIP
Tom Roberts: ESRC
Andy Noble: BBSRC
Chris Rogers: University of Birmingham
David Butler: University of Exeter
Mike Acreman: CEH
Martin Shouler: Arup
Weihao Zhong: NERC/UKWRIP
UK Research Councils referred to in this paper:
AHRC: Arts and Humanities Research Council
BBSRC: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research
Council
ESRC: Economic and Social Research Council
EPSRC: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research
Council
NERC: Natural Environment Research Council
30 Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece: Appendix
35. Future Visions for Water and Cities: A Thought Piece
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