Steve chu emba students chinese university of hong kong no movie part 1Michael Mok
The document summarizes data showing that climate change poses serious risks. It notes that global temperatures have risen 1°C since 1880 and glaciers are melting. Sea levels also rose 6-9 meters during the last interglacial period 129,000-116,000 years ago when temperatures were 1°C warmer. Tens of millions in Shanghai alone could be displaced by a 6-9 meter sea level rise. Northern China also faces water scarcity and air pollution risks from particulate matter. The document outlines using science and technology to make clean energy cheaper and transition from fossil fuels through energy efficiency and other solutions.
Air quality simulations focus on world's growing citiesunadvisedlatch106
Associate Professor Sam Saunders from UWA played a key role in creating an air quality model that simulated a high ozone event at a mountain summit in Hong Kong. The model found that vehicle emissions and power generation were the dominant sources contributing to ozone formation. While air quality in WA currently only experiences a few high ozone events per year, population and development growth mean that vehicle emissions will remain a significant contributor to air pollution unless concerted efforts are made to reduce vehicle dependency and implement stricter emission policies.
- Air pollution causes over 13,000 premature deaths per year in South Korea. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the main culprit, responsible for over 12,000 deaths from lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke.
- The South Korean government has invested billions to reduce emissions from diesel vehicles and install filters, but air quality has worsened since 2013. Meteorological conditions are also playing a role, with weaker winds leading to increased air stagnation.
- South Korea has launched a National Strategic Research Project with four goals: evaluating pollution sources, improving forecasting, strengthening emissions controls, and reducing population exposure. The project aims to inform policymaking through interdisciplinary collaboration between scientists, industry, and
POTENTIAL OPTION FOR COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC (CFD) SCHEME IN BIODIESEL ST...IAEME Publication
Biodiesel fuel represents a unique opportunity in the current global energy
scenario owing to its sustainability, renewability and potential to be universally
accessible. Experimental and analytical works have established a mismatch between
fuel chemistry and current diesel engine design. This, to some extent, accounts for
observed challenges in performance and emissions from engines running on biodiesel.
Computational schemes have played an increasingly important role in defining the
scope of these challenges. Computational models’ reliability has improved over time
in predicting engine performance and emissions. Identifying a combustion strategy
that works best for biodiesel is a research imperative. This review presents some of
the strategies that have the potential to enhance biodiesel’s advantages and mitigate
the observed challenges
Comparative Computational Modelling of CO2 Gas Emissions for Three Wheel Vehi...IJRES Journal
Quest for a greener environment and energy conservation has led a number of research studies to increase fuel economy and reduce emissions in developmental design of vehicles.This study illustrates how a vehicular body shape affects fuel consumption and gas emission. Solid models for two different tricycles were done and simulated using Solid works flow xpress, Mathematical models were applied to compare the rate of fuel consumption and gas emission between the simulated models. The result shows thatNASENI TC1 consumes less fuel and invariably emits less CO2 when compared with RFM 1.
Prof Margaret Bell CBE (Newcastle University) http://www.ncl.ac.uk/transport/people/profile/margaret.bell speaking at Acorn Road group meeting 18 July 2013
Presentation by ICOS DG Werner Kutsch at the UNFCCC Earth Information Day in UN COP22 on Tue 8 November 2016.
See the Earth Information Day programme: http://unfccc.int/science/workstreams/items/9949.php
Investigating a conventional and retrofit power plant on-board a Roll-on-Roll...Janie Ling Chin
This document summarizes a study that used life cycle assessment (LCA) to investigate the environmental impacts of a conventional power plant and a retrofitted power plant on a roll-on/roll-off cargo ship. The study found that the conventional power plant significantly impacted the environment through materials consumption, fuel combustion emissions over 30 years of operation, and waste disposal. Retrofitting the power plant with emerging technologies like photovoltaics, batteries, and electrical connections could potentially reduce several environmental impacts by 4-7 orders of magnitude according to scenario analysis, though impacts may shift between categories. The retrofitted system needs careful design and management to achieve environmental benefits while avoiding other detrimental impacts.
Steve chu emba students chinese university of hong kong no movie part 1Michael Mok
The document summarizes data showing that climate change poses serious risks. It notes that global temperatures have risen 1°C since 1880 and glaciers are melting. Sea levels also rose 6-9 meters during the last interglacial period 129,000-116,000 years ago when temperatures were 1°C warmer. Tens of millions in Shanghai alone could be displaced by a 6-9 meter sea level rise. Northern China also faces water scarcity and air pollution risks from particulate matter. The document outlines using science and technology to make clean energy cheaper and transition from fossil fuels through energy efficiency and other solutions.
Air quality simulations focus on world's growing citiesunadvisedlatch106
Associate Professor Sam Saunders from UWA played a key role in creating an air quality model that simulated a high ozone event at a mountain summit in Hong Kong. The model found that vehicle emissions and power generation were the dominant sources contributing to ozone formation. While air quality in WA currently only experiences a few high ozone events per year, population and development growth mean that vehicle emissions will remain a significant contributor to air pollution unless concerted efforts are made to reduce vehicle dependency and implement stricter emission policies.
- Air pollution causes over 13,000 premature deaths per year in South Korea. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the main culprit, responsible for over 12,000 deaths from lung cancer, heart disease, and stroke.
- The South Korean government has invested billions to reduce emissions from diesel vehicles and install filters, but air quality has worsened since 2013. Meteorological conditions are also playing a role, with weaker winds leading to increased air stagnation.
- South Korea has launched a National Strategic Research Project with four goals: evaluating pollution sources, improving forecasting, strengthening emissions controls, and reducing population exposure. The project aims to inform policymaking through interdisciplinary collaboration between scientists, industry, and
POTENTIAL OPTION FOR COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC (CFD) SCHEME IN BIODIESEL ST...IAEME Publication
Biodiesel fuel represents a unique opportunity in the current global energy
scenario owing to its sustainability, renewability and potential to be universally
accessible. Experimental and analytical works have established a mismatch between
fuel chemistry and current diesel engine design. This, to some extent, accounts for
observed challenges in performance and emissions from engines running on biodiesel.
Computational schemes have played an increasingly important role in defining the
scope of these challenges. Computational models’ reliability has improved over time
in predicting engine performance and emissions. Identifying a combustion strategy
that works best for biodiesel is a research imperative. This review presents some of
the strategies that have the potential to enhance biodiesel’s advantages and mitigate
the observed challenges
Comparative Computational Modelling of CO2 Gas Emissions for Three Wheel Vehi...IJRES Journal
Quest for a greener environment and energy conservation has led a number of research studies to increase fuel economy and reduce emissions in developmental design of vehicles.This study illustrates how a vehicular body shape affects fuel consumption and gas emission. Solid models for two different tricycles were done and simulated using Solid works flow xpress, Mathematical models were applied to compare the rate of fuel consumption and gas emission between the simulated models. The result shows thatNASENI TC1 consumes less fuel and invariably emits less CO2 when compared with RFM 1.
Prof Margaret Bell CBE (Newcastle University) http://www.ncl.ac.uk/transport/people/profile/margaret.bell speaking at Acorn Road group meeting 18 July 2013
Presentation by ICOS DG Werner Kutsch at the UNFCCC Earth Information Day in UN COP22 on Tue 8 November 2016.
See the Earth Information Day programme: http://unfccc.int/science/workstreams/items/9949.php
Investigating a conventional and retrofit power plant on-board a Roll-on-Roll...Janie Ling Chin
This document summarizes a study that used life cycle assessment (LCA) to investigate the environmental impacts of a conventional power plant and a retrofitted power plant on a roll-on/roll-off cargo ship. The study found that the conventional power plant significantly impacted the environment through materials consumption, fuel combustion emissions over 30 years of operation, and waste disposal. Retrofitting the power plant with emerging technologies like photovoltaics, batteries, and electrical connections could potentially reduce several environmental impacts by 4-7 orders of magnitude according to scenario analysis, though impacts may shift between categories. The retrofitted system needs careful design and management to achieve environmental benefits while avoiding other detrimental impacts.
This document discusses methods for synthesizing terrestrial and atmospheric data to estimate national nitrous oxide emissions from the UK. It compares bottom-up and top-down approaches, and describes a Bayesian data assimilation approach that combines different data sources, including flux chambers, eddy covariance towers, and tall atmospheric measurement towers, into a coherent framework to generate posterior emissions estimates and quantify uncertainties. The approach is demonstrated on a case study of UK nitrous oxide emissions that assimilates various field measurements and shows higher posterior emission factors than assumed prior values.
This document discusses evidence of water plumes erupting from the subsurface ocean of Europa, a moon of Jupiter. It summarizes observations made by Hubble, Galileo, and SOFIA that indicate the presence of water vapor plumes on Europa. Models of interactions between the plumes and Europa's magnetosphere show how charged particles from Jupiter are depleted near Europa, supporting the existence of active plumes. Future missions like JUICE may directly detect water plumes on Europa using particle detectors and help characterize the plumes and their interaction with the environment.
Traffic, Pollution and Health Part 1:MonitorsBill Pugsley
The document discusses vehicle emissions and air quality monitoring in Ottawa and provides background information. It notes there are 540,000 licensed vehicles in Ottawa for a population of 850,000, and traffic and vehicle numbers are expected to increase substantially. It also discusses the health impacts of air pollution in Ottawa and costs associated with premature deaths and health impacts. Real-time air quality monitoring networks and studies in other cities are also referenced.
Challenges of Green Service providing in New Zealand TransportationKulwant Dhillon
This document summarizes research on green transportation practices and challenges in New Zealand. It outlines the objectives, research questions, and key findings. The objectives are to review green transportation literature in New Zealand, highlight best practices, discuss challenges, and consider future perspectives. Research questions examine green transportation practices, how green the industry is in New Zealand, and where New Zealand stands globally. Key findings report on green practices, New Zealand's transportation industry and green aspects, and how New Zealand compares to other world players in green transportation efforts. The document concludes by referencing sources for the information provided.
The Study of Gas Pollutants In Kodungaiyur using Fuzzy Modelijcoa
The Chennai' largest garbage dump is situated at Kodungaiyur. Burning and accumulation of garbage produce nineteen types of toxic chemicals. Inhalation of polluted gas causes respiratory problems, skin diseases and also affects central nervous system. This paper deals with the study of causes, health hazards and the remedy for Kodungaiyur project using Fuzzy Relational Maps (FRM).
Ambient air pollution_and_population_hea (1)cpinchel
The document summarizes research presented at a 2003 conference on air pollution and human health. It discusses studies on:
1) Exposure assessment that examined variations in particle concentrations and compositions across locations and time periods. Studies found higher ultrafine particle levels in winter and near traffic.
2) Toxicology research demonstrating adverse health effects from air pollution exposure, including increased biomarkers of lung and heart damage. Studies also found evidence of genotoxic and mutagenic effects.
3) Epidemiology research further supporting associations between air pollution exposure and negative health impacts like hospitalizations. Studies improved methods for estimating exposures near traffic sources.
This document summarizes a study that measured methane emissions from natural gas well pads in the Marcellus Shale region. Researchers used a mobile sensor platform called PAC-MAN to sample methane concentrations near 249 unique wells across West Virginia and Pennsylvania. The study found methane plumes emanating from potential emission sources like gas compressors, pumps, and storage tanks on three well pads. An inverse Gaussian model was used to estimate emission rates based on methane concentration data. While estimated emission rates decreased slightly as the assumed source height increased in the model, the sensitivity to source height was relatively low at around 2.2%. The study demonstrates a methodology for quantifying methane leaks from well pad equipment that could be applied more broadly.
The document discusses key aspects of the 2013 IPCC report, including that climate models are based on the main drivers of climate change, observational data depends on different sensors, and grid-scale resolution is important for improved climate models. It also describes four emission scenarios (RCP8.5, RCP6, RCP4.5, and RCP2.6) that climate models incorporate to project a range of possible climate futures based on different levels of emissions.
Slides from a presentation about modeling past and future climate as part of the "School of Ice" workshop for educators at Oregon State University on Aug. 2, 2021.
Future Trend of Mongolian Permafrost Distribution Env. Engineers
This document summarizes a study on the future trend of Mongolian permafrost distribution. The study used a logistic regression model to examine the relationship between observed permafrost distribution and climate data from 1961-1990. It then predicted future permafrost distribution based on climate change scenarios from two general circulation models for the years 2040, 2080, and 2090. The model results indicate that observed permafrost distributions are strongly correlated with past temperature increases and that permafrost areas will continue to decrease in the forecast years according to the climate change scenarios.
Climate change scenarios in context of the less than 2C global temperature ta...NAP Events
Presented by: Wilfran Moufouma-Okia
3.1 Technical guidance on NAPs
The session will take the participants through the technical guidance for NAPs, including: NAP guidelines, guiding principles for adaptation under the Convention, and subsequent products developed by the LEG such as the sample NAP process. It will further look detailed aspects on undertaking assessments by going through best available methods and tools for assessing for assessing crop production as an example. Countries will further provide practical experiences in applying the guidance in the formulation of their NAPs.
This interim report analyzes economics of natural gas monetization options for Cyprus following the 2011 discovery of the Aphrodite gas field. It evaluates liquefied natural gas (LNG), a submarine pipeline to Greece, compressed natural gas (CNG) marine transport, and gas-to-chemicals conversion. The full study will also include general equilibrium gas market modeling and integrated analysis of monetization options under global gas scenarios. This report focuses on the economics of different project development pathways using a discounted cash flow model.
This document discusses various environmental indices used to measure air, water, and noise pollution levels. It describes the Pollutant Standard Index (PSI) which measures levels of 6 air pollutants and indicates their health effects. The Water Quality Index (WQI) is discussed, which uses test results for 6 parameters to determine water quality. Methods for calculating the WQI and interpreting its values are provided. Noise pollution indices and major sources of noise pollution are also outlined. In summarizing, the document states that using environmental indices helps characterize existing conditions, collect and analyze baseline data, communicate current quality, and enable impact prediction and assessment for proposed projects.
This document summarizes a study on the impact of climate change on water availability in the Oebobolili Bawatershed in Kupang City, Indonesia under two climate change scenarios, RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5. The study finds that under the RCP 2.6 scenario, temperatures are projected to increase by 0.86°C from 2046-2065 and 2.25°C from 2081-2100, leading to higher evapotranspiration and reduced rainfall runoff. Under the RCP 8.5 scenario, temperatures are projected to increase by 0.83°C and 2.13°C in the same time periods, resulting in even lower rainfall runoff.
1) The document is a thesis abstract that evaluates the potential for cost-efficient deployment of wind energy projects through cross-border cooperation between Belgium and Denmark under the EU Directive 2009/28/EC.
2) It finds that while reports identified cost savings from Belgium cooperating with Denmark as a host country for renewable energy, they did not estimate savings for specific technologies like wind.
3) The analysis in the thesis evaluates cost differences for wind energy generation in both countries and discusses cooperation options, drivers, benefits, costs and barriers to identify conditions for cost-efficient offshore wind deployment through cooperation mechanisms, finding direct and indirect costs and benefits would not be equally shared.
This article represents results of an unbiased, factual, and scientifically valid analysis
of all available data on ecological, economic, and social indicators of energy
technologies and of how they influence sustainable development indicators. It marks out
indicators characterizing the impact of energy technologies on the environment providing
specific values to all energy sources considered (coal, gas, hydro, wind, solar, and
nuclear). The article demonstrates that renewable energy sources and nuclear power are
characterized by the best ecological indicators. The article also reveals that the most
efficient energy technologies for promoting sustainable development are natural gas and
nuclear power.
Suitable Wind Turbine Selection using Evaluation of Wind Energy Potential in ...IJCI JOURNAL
Nowadays, low environmental impact of wind energy is attractive. This paper aims to investigate the wind-power production potential of sites in North of Iran. Analysis of the wind speed of one city in the province of MAZANDARAN which is located in north of Iran is performed in this paper. The class of this site is a class one wind power site and the annual average wind speed is 3.58 m/s. The power density of this site is 99 W/m2 at 50 m height. Wind speed data measured over a five-year period at a typical site on the north coast of Iran are presented. The annual wind speeds at different heights have been studied to make optimum selection of wind turbine installation among three commercial turbines
This document summarizes research investigating aerosol sources in Colorado during the DISCOVER-AQ 2014 field study. Chemical composition measurements of particulate matter were collected using a particle-into-liquid sampler coupled with an ion chromatograph. The measurements showed that nitrate and ammonium concentrations varied more than sulfate and were influenced by temperature and humidity, suggesting they originate from local pollution. Potassium and calcium levels indicated potential biomass burning and dust transport events. The composition data and meteorological parameters will be analyzed further to characterize aerosols as anthropogenic, biogenic or marine in origin.
This document summarizes a comparative life cycle assessment of conventional and all-electric car ferries. The study compares an all-electric catamaran ferry made of aluminum to a conventional steel monohull ferry powered by either marine diesel oil or liquefied natural gas. The objective is to identify the most environmentally friendly alternative and areas for improvement. The analysis models four ferry alternatives according to LCA principles and assesses their impacts across 18 categories using the Ecoinvent database. Results show the all-electric ferry performs better in categories linked to fossil fuels but worse in toxicity categories. Operation has the largest contribution to impacts except for metal depletion in conventional steel ferries. The results are sensitive to electricity source modeling.
The intelligent parking system guides drivers to available parking spaces using sensors and electronic signs. It benefits travelers by reducing parking time and frustration, and benefits operators by increasing occupancy and revenue. The system can be installed new or retrofitted, and pays for itself within 12-18 months. It uses sensors to detect available spaces and directs drivers to the appropriate floor, aisle and bay.
This document discusses methods for synthesizing terrestrial and atmospheric data to estimate national nitrous oxide emissions from the UK. It compares bottom-up and top-down approaches, and describes a Bayesian data assimilation approach that combines different data sources, including flux chambers, eddy covariance towers, and tall atmospheric measurement towers, into a coherent framework to generate posterior emissions estimates and quantify uncertainties. The approach is demonstrated on a case study of UK nitrous oxide emissions that assimilates various field measurements and shows higher posterior emission factors than assumed prior values.
This document discusses evidence of water plumes erupting from the subsurface ocean of Europa, a moon of Jupiter. It summarizes observations made by Hubble, Galileo, and SOFIA that indicate the presence of water vapor plumes on Europa. Models of interactions between the plumes and Europa's magnetosphere show how charged particles from Jupiter are depleted near Europa, supporting the existence of active plumes. Future missions like JUICE may directly detect water plumes on Europa using particle detectors and help characterize the plumes and their interaction with the environment.
Traffic, Pollution and Health Part 1:MonitorsBill Pugsley
The document discusses vehicle emissions and air quality monitoring in Ottawa and provides background information. It notes there are 540,000 licensed vehicles in Ottawa for a population of 850,000, and traffic and vehicle numbers are expected to increase substantially. It also discusses the health impacts of air pollution in Ottawa and costs associated with premature deaths and health impacts. Real-time air quality monitoring networks and studies in other cities are also referenced.
Challenges of Green Service providing in New Zealand TransportationKulwant Dhillon
This document summarizes research on green transportation practices and challenges in New Zealand. It outlines the objectives, research questions, and key findings. The objectives are to review green transportation literature in New Zealand, highlight best practices, discuss challenges, and consider future perspectives. Research questions examine green transportation practices, how green the industry is in New Zealand, and where New Zealand stands globally. Key findings report on green practices, New Zealand's transportation industry and green aspects, and how New Zealand compares to other world players in green transportation efforts. The document concludes by referencing sources for the information provided.
The Study of Gas Pollutants In Kodungaiyur using Fuzzy Modelijcoa
The Chennai' largest garbage dump is situated at Kodungaiyur. Burning and accumulation of garbage produce nineteen types of toxic chemicals. Inhalation of polluted gas causes respiratory problems, skin diseases and also affects central nervous system. This paper deals with the study of causes, health hazards and the remedy for Kodungaiyur project using Fuzzy Relational Maps (FRM).
Ambient air pollution_and_population_hea (1)cpinchel
The document summarizes research presented at a 2003 conference on air pollution and human health. It discusses studies on:
1) Exposure assessment that examined variations in particle concentrations and compositions across locations and time periods. Studies found higher ultrafine particle levels in winter and near traffic.
2) Toxicology research demonstrating adverse health effects from air pollution exposure, including increased biomarkers of lung and heart damage. Studies also found evidence of genotoxic and mutagenic effects.
3) Epidemiology research further supporting associations between air pollution exposure and negative health impacts like hospitalizations. Studies improved methods for estimating exposures near traffic sources.
This document summarizes a study that measured methane emissions from natural gas well pads in the Marcellus Shale region. Researchers used a mobile sensor platform called PAC-MAN to sample methane concentrations near 249 unique wells across West Virginia and Pennsylvania. The study found methane plumes emanating from potential emission sources like gas compressors, pumps, and storage tanks on three well pads. An inverse Gaussian model was used to estimate emission rates based on methane concentration data. While estimated emission rates decreased slightly as the assumed source height increased in the model, the sensitivity to source height was relatively low at around 2.2%. The study demonstrates a methodology for quantifying methane leaks from well pad equipment that could be applied more broadly.
The document discusses key aspects of the 2013 IPCC report, including that climate models are based on the main drivers of climate change, observational data depends on different sensors, and grid-scale resolution is important for improved climate models. It also describes four emission scenarios (RCP8.5, RCP6, RCP4.5, and RCP2.6) that climate models incorporate to project a range of possible climate futures based on different levels of emissions.
Slides from a presentation about modeling past and future climate as part of the "School of Ice" workshop for educators at Oregon State University on Aug. 2, 2021.
Future Trend of Mongolian Permafrost Distribution Env. Engineers
This document summarizes a study on the future trend of Mongolian permafrost distribution. The study used a logistic regression model to examine the relationship between observed permafrost distribution and climate data from 1961-1990. It then predicted future permafrost distribution based on climate change scenarios from two general circulation models for the years 2040, 2080, and 2090. The model results indicate that observed permafrost distributions are strongly correlated with past temperature increases and that permafrost areas will continue to decrease in the forecast years according to the climate change scenarios.
Climate change scenarios in context of the less than 2C global temperature ta...NAP Events
Presented by: Wilfran Moufouma-Okia
3.1 Technical guidance on NAPs
The session will take the participants through the technical guidance for NAPs, including: NAP guidelines, guiding principles for adaptation under the Convention, and subsequent products developed by the LEG such as the sample NAP process. It will further look detailed aspects on undertaking assessments by going through best available methods and tools for assessing for assessing crop production as an example. Countries will further provide practical experiences in applying the guidance in the formulation of their NAPs.
This interim report analyzes economics of natural gas monetization options for Cyprus following the 2011 discovery of the Aphrodite gas field. It evaluates liquefied natural gas (LNG), a submarine pipeline to Greece, compressed natural gas (CNG) marine transport, and gas-to-chemicals conversion. The full study will also include general equilibrium gas market modeling and integrated analysis of monetization options under global gas scenarios. This report focuses on the economics of different project development pathways using a discounted cash flow model.
This document discusses various environmental indices used to measure air, water, and noise pollution levels. It describes the Pollutant Standard Index (PSI) which measures levels of 6 air pollutants and indicates their health effects. The Water Quality Index (WQI) is discussed, which uses test results for 6 parameters to determine water quality. Methods for calculating the WQI and interpreting its values are provided. Noise pollution indices and major sources of noise pollution are also outlined. In summarizing, the document states that using environmental indices helps characterize existing conditions, collect and analyze baseline data, communicate current quality, and enable impact prediction and assessment for proposed projects.
This document summarizes a study on the impact of climate change on water availability in the Oebobolili Bawatershed in Kupang City, Indonesia under two climate change scenarios, RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5. The study finds that under the RCP 2.6 scenario, temperatures are projected to increase by 0.86°C from 2046-2065 and 2.25°C from 2081-2100, leading to higher evapotranspiration and reduced rainfall runoff. Under the RCP 8.5 scenario, temperatures are projected to increase by 0.83°C and 2.13°C in the same time periods, resulting in even lower rainfall runoff.
1) The document is a thesis abstract that evaluates the potential for cost-efficient deployment of wind energy projects through cross-border cooperation between Belgium and Denmark under the EU Directive 2009/28/EC.
2) It finds that while reports identified cost savings from Belgium cooperating with Denmark as a host country for renewable energy, they did not estimate savings for specific technologies like wind.
3) The analysis in the thesis evaluates cost differences for wind energy generation in both countries and discusses cooperation options, drivers, benefits, costs and barriers to identify conditions for cost-efficient offshore wind deployment through cooperation mechanisms, finding direct and indirect costs and benefits would not be equally shared.
This article represents results of an unbiased, factual, and scientifically valid analysis
of all available data on ecological, economic, and social indicators of energy
technologies and of how they influence sustainable development indicators. It marks out
indicators characterizing the impact of energy technologies on the environment providing
specific values to all energy sources considered (coal, gas, hydro, wind, solar, and
nuclear). The article demonstrates that renewable energy sources and nuclear power are
characterized by the best ecological indicators. The article also reveals that the most
efficient energy technologies for promoting sustainable development are natural gas and
nuclear power.
Suitable Wind Turbine Selection using Evaluation of Wind Energy Potential in ...IJCI JOURNAL
Nowadays, low environmental impact of wind energy is attractive. This paper aims to investigate the wind-power production potential of sites in North of Iran. Analysis of the wind speed of one city in the province of MAZANDARAN which is located in north of Iran is performed in this paper. The class of this site is a class one wind power site and the annual average wind speed is 3.58 m/s. The power density of this site is 99 W/m2 at 50 m height. Wind speed data measured over a five-year period at a typical site on the north coast of Iran are presented. The annual wind speeds at different heights have been studied to make optimum selection of wind turbine installation among three commercial turbines
This document summarizes research investigating aerosol sources in Colorado during the DISCOVER-AQ 2014 field study. Chemical composition measurements of particulate matter were collected using a particle-into-liquid sampler coupled with an ion chromatograph. The measurements showed that nitrate and ammonium concentrations varied more than sulfate and were influenced by temperature and humidity, suggesting they originate from local pollution. Potassium and calcium levels indicated potential biomass burning and dust transport events. The composition data and meteorological parameters will be analyzed further to characterize aerosols as anthropogenic, biogenic or marine in origin.
This document summarizes a comparative life cycle assessment of conventional and all-electric car ferries. The study compares an all-electric catamaran ferry made of aluminum to a conventional steel monohull ferry powered by either marine diesel oil or liquefied natural gas. The objective is to identify the most environmentally friendly alternative and areas for improvement. The analysis models four ferry alternatives according to LCA principles and assesses their impacts across 18 categories using the Ecoinvent database. Results show the all-electric ferry performs better in categories linked to fossil fuels but worse in toxicity categories. Operation has the largest contribution to impacts except for metal depletion in conventional steel ferries. The results are sensitive to electricity source modeling.
The intelligent parking system guides drivers to available parking spaces using sensors and electronic signs. It benefits travelers by reducing parking time and frustration, and benefits operators by increasing occupancy and revenue. The system can be installed new or retrofitted, and pays for itself within 12-18 months. It uses sensors to detect available spaces and directs drivers to the appropriate floor, aisle and bay.
Intelligent Parking Space Detection System Based on Image Segmentationijsrd.com
This paper aims to present an intelligent system for parking space detection based on image segmentation technique that capture and process the brown rounded image drawn at parking lot and produce the information of the empty car parking spaces. It will be display at the display unit that consists of seven segments in real time. The seven segments display shows the number of current available parking lots in the parking area. This proposed system, has been developed in software platform.
Rose City Transportation Lookbook-Final-3-ilovepdf-compressedJosh Lawrence
Rose City Transportation began in 1992 as a motor carrier property broker facilitating transportation for Pacific Coast Fruit Co. and has since grown to handle over 10,000 loads per year. They have extensive experience transporting perishable produce and other commodities across Oregon and Washington through long-term relationships with carriers and customers. Rose City Transportation is committed to superior service and ensures quality, safety, and protection through vetting and monitoring its carriers to the standards required for its surety bond and industry affiliations.
This document discusses transportation planning and focuses on creating positive user experiences. It notes that transportation planning involves negotiating space between different users. The goals of transportation include safety, network and resource efficiency, ease of use, and positive experiences. It emphasizes understanding users and creating networks and places that feel consistent, convenient, simple and allow for errors to improve the transportation experience.
Forward Thinking: A Study In Transportation, Land Use And Urban Design In Nag...Willy Prilles
Presentation of the University of British Columbia (UBC) Transportation and Land Use Group on June 7, 2007 at the Bicol Science and Technology Centrum, Naga City, in conjunction with their Naga Planning Studio Course.
The document summarizes the existing conditions of the road network, land use patterns, built environment, and public spaces in Hackney central, London. It finds that the area has busy streets with traffic congestions and unclear pedestrian links, making it difficult to get around. It also has strong local landmarks like churches that provide clarity. However, the overhead railway line obstructs views and isolates some spaces. The pedestrian links and public spaces lack signage and have unsafe crossings, while green spaces are underdeveloped and underutilized.
By Beatriz Cardenas. Presented at Day One of Transforming Transportation 2010. Washington, D.C. January 14, 2010. www.transformingtransportation2010.org.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Air Pollution Prediction via Differential Evolution Strategies with Random Fo...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using a hybrid machine learning technique combining differential evolution and random forest methods to predict air pollution levels. It analyzes data on various pollutants from two cities in India - Delhi and Patna. The proposed approach is experimentally validated to achieve better performance compared to independent classifiers and multi-label classifiers in terms of accuracy, area under the curve, success index and correlation. Differential evolution is used to initialize population and optimize candidate solutions. Random forest creates an ensemble of decision trees to make predictions. The hybrid method is tested on predicting carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and benzene levels using data from a monitoring station in Delhi.
This document discusses strategies for shifting urban bus fleets to soot-free engines. It notes that diesel engines produce over 80% of transportation particulate matter and details the health and climate impacts of black carbon from diesel engines. The solution presented is implementing soot-free bus fleets in 20 target cities through commitments from city officials, implementation support, industry partnerships, and data monitoring. Benefits include avoiding thousands of early deaths, reducing cancer risk, and equivalent climate impact reductions compared to reducing diesel activity. The key takeaway is that fuel and technology solutions exist to nearly eliminate diesel soot from urban bus fleets, providing cities significant health and environmental benefits.
This document discusses a survey conducted on the effects of vehicle emissions on human health in Chidambaram town, India. The survey investigated the impacts of emissions from vehicles on four major junctions in the town. Questionnaires found that most people reported health issues like sleeplessness, running nose, eye irritation, asthma, and headaches. Air samples taken at the junctions found high levels of pollutants like NOx, CO, SO2, and SPM, especially during afternoon high-traffic hours. Vehicle emissions were found to be a major contributor to air pollution in urban areas and impact public health. The study aims to assess the health effects of vehicle emissions in Chidambaram and make recommendations to reduce emissions.
Urban Air Quality Modelling and Simulation: A Case Study of Kolhapur (M.S.), ...IDES Editor
As a consequence of urbanization a phenomenal
surge has been observed in the vehicular population in India,
giving rise to elevated levels of traffic related pollutants like
carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, and
particulates in Indian urban centers. These pollutants can
have both acute and chronic effects on human health. Thus
air quality management needs immediate attention. Air
quality models simulate the physical and chemical processes
occurring in the atmosphere to estimate the atmospheric
pollutant concentration. A variety of air quality models are
available ranging from simple empirical models to complex
Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) models. Air quality
models can be a valuable tool in pollution forecasting, air
quality management, traffic management and urban planning.
This paper evaluates the performance of widely used Danish
Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM) under Indian
traffic conditions. Comparison between predicted and observed
concentrations was performed using both quantitative and
statistical methods. OSPM was found to perform exceedingly
well for the prediction of particulates whereas NO2 predictions
were poorly predicted.
To what extent did the change to an overground meteropolitan light-rail syste...Alex Reavley
This document is a final year project that evaluates the extent to which the change to an overground, metropolitan light-rail (tram) system in Manchester in 1992 influenced air quality. It analyzes air quality data from 1992-2012 on various pollutants and discusses factors that impacted changes in air quality such as changes in fuel consumption and engine efficiency. It also examines patronage levels on Manchester's transport systems and how modal shares changed with the introduction of the tram network. The results showed an average 45.3% decrease in various pollutants, though the specific impacts of the tram system compared to other factors were difficult to distinguish.
The document discusses the health impacts of particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution. It notes that exposure to anthropogenic PM2.5 leads to reduced life expectancy, with models showing losses ranging from months to over a year depending on the year and meteorological factors. Motor vehicles are identified as major contributors to air pollution in cities, responsible for around half of particulate emissions. Long term exposure to elevated levels of PM2.5 and other air pollutants increases mortality rates from respiratory and cardiac causes.
SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS DISPERSION IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENTAM Publications
Interest in air pollution investigation of urban environment due to existence of industrial and commercial activities along with vehicular emission and existence of buildings and streets which setup natural barrier for pollutant dispersion in the urban environment has increased. The air pollution modelling is a multidisciplinary subject when the entire cities are taken under consideration where urban planning and geometries are complex which needs a large software packages to be developed like Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM), California Line Source model (CALINE series) etc. On overviewing various works it can be summarized that the air pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons and all linked phenomenon such as wind flow, pollutant concentrations, temperature distribution etc. generally depend on wind speed and direction, building heights and density, road width, source and intensity of air pollution, meteorological variables like temperature, humidity etc. A unique and surprising case is observed every time on numerous combinations of these factors. The main aim of this study is to simulate the atmospheric pollutant dispersion for given pollutant like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and given atmospheric conditions like wind speed and direction. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation for analysing the atmospheric pollutant dispersion is done after natural airflow analysis. Volume rendering is done for variables such as phase 2 volume fraction and velocity with resolution as 250 pixels per inch and transparency as 20%. It can be observed that all the three pollutant namely nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide the phase 2 volume fraction changes from 0 to 1. The wind velocity changes from 3.395×10-13 m/s to 1.692×102 m/s. The dispersion of pollutants follow the sequence Sulphur dioxide>Carbon monoxide>Nitrogen dioxide.
Developing Evidence Based Messages on Air Pollution and Health Dr. Colin RamsaySTEP_scotland
This document summarizes a presentation about a project called the Air Pollution and Health Impacts Project (APHIP). The project aims to develop evidence-based messages to encourage healthier transportation choices and reduce air pollution. It will review evidence on health effects of air pollution and strategies for changing transportation behavior. The research approach involves assessing published evidence on air pollution health impacts and behavioral change strategies using a conceptual model to identify factors influencing transportation choices and air pollution levels. The presentation outlines the rationale, questions, and intended outcomes of the APHIP project.
The document presents information on emerging technologies for air quality monitoring. It discusses various air pollutants like particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxides. It also describes different air sampling processes and the application of air quality index (AQI) to report daily air quality levels. The document outlines the objectives to analyze air quality data from pollution control boards and use sensors to provide cautionary values to alert people and improve air quality. It discusses literature review on indoor air quality and wireless sensor networks for air monitoring.
This document discusses air pollution in Kathmandu, Nepal. It notes that the main sources of air pollution in Kathmandu have changed over time, with vehicles now being the primary source rather than industries. The number of vehicles has tripled in the last 10 years, increasing emissions, while some industries have closed or switched to less polluting fuels. Areas with heavy traffic, like Putali Sadak and Patan Hospital, have the highest pollution levels. The document also discusses the health impacts of air pollution, like increased respiratory diseases, and how monitoring stations have found the most polluted areas. Reducing vehicle emissions through policies like fuel taxes and promoting electric vehicles is presented as a key solution to improve air quality.
This document analyzes highway air pollution in Chennai, India. It aims to quantify the total number of vehicles, estimate road traffic and pollution loads, and compare measured and predicted carbon monoxide concentrations. The study finds that traffic is growing rapidly in Indian cities, leading to increased air pollution from vehicle exhaust. It measures ambient levels of pollutants like CO, HC, NOx, SO2 and SPM at various locations. The CALINE 4 model is used to predict CO concentrations, which are then statistically compared to observed values. The results help assess the impact of vehicular emissions on air quality and inform pollution management efforts.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Transportation is a major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for approximately 14% globally. Climate change from greenhouse gas emissions is a pressing issue that requires action. This paper examines two strategies for reducing transportation greenhouse gas emissions: 1) improving engine technologies and alternative fuels like electricity, biofuels, and hydrogen, and 2) implementing mobility management approaches like road pricing policies. The ultimate mix of emission reduction measures will depend on technology development and other economic, social, and political factors.
Transportation accounts for approximately 14% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Climate change is a pressing issue that must be addressed to avoid major environmental consequences. This paper examines strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector, including improving engine and fuel technologies as well as implementing mobility management approaches. Engine technologies like hybrids and fuels like ethanol can help lower emissions, but the best results depend on developing alternatives from renewable sources. Mobility management, including road pricing and promoting low-speed transportation, has demonstrated potential to significantly decrease carbon dioxide emissions. Overall, a variety of solutions will be needed to curb the rising emissions expected from continued population and economic growth.
South Asian cities face major challenges of air pollution, health impacts, and congestion due to rapid urbanization and a toxic model of urban growth. Several cities in India and Sri Lanka have taken initial steps to address air quality such as introducing cleaner fuel standards, expanding monitoring networks, and strengthening emissions regulations for vehicles and industry. However, more stringent and enforceable standards, accountability measures, and priority on public health are still needed across South Asia to achieve clean air goals and ensure citizens' right to clean air.
IRJET- Analytical Evaluation of Vehicular Air Pollutants at Urban Arterial Ro...IRJET Journal
This study analytically evaluates vehicular air pollution at urban arterial roads in Rajkot City, India. Traffic and air pollution data were collected over 24 hours at two intersections. Models were developed to predict levels of CO and CO2 based on vehicle composition. The models were validated using statistical tests and found to be acceptable. While concentrations of pollutants like SO2, NOx, PM2.5 and PM10 exceeded national standards, the study was limited in scope. Future work could expand the analysis to other pollutants at additional locations and develop models using other software.
Analysis Of A Severe Air Pollution Episode In India During Diwali Festival ...Emily Smith
This document analyzes a severe air pollution episode in India during Diwali in late October and November 2016. Air quality index was observed to vary from poor to severe in northern and western India, but was satisfactory to moderate in the south and east. The causes of high pollution levels were examined. Fireworks during Diwali contributed to increased particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and benzene levels in New Delhi, Lucknow, Jaipur and Ahmedabad on Diwali day compared to before and after. Prolonged high pollution in many areas also indicated the importance of biomass burning across India apart from Diwali effects on air quality.
Similar to Urban air quality and transportaion (20)
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Discover the latest insights on Data Driven Maintenance with our comprehensive webinar presentation. Learn about traditional maintenance challenges, the right approach to utilizing data, and the benefits of adopting a Data Driven Maintenance strategy. Explore real-world examples, industry best practices, and innovative solutions like FMECA and the D3M model. This presentation, led by expert Jules Oudmans, is essential for asset owners looking to optimize their maintenance processes and leverage digital technologies for improved efficiency and performance. Download now to stay ahead in the evolving maintenance landscape.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
2. Introduction
Objective of the Study
Literature Review
Research Methodology
Historical Background: Kathmandu Valley
Present Issues: Kathmandu Valley
Analyzing the data
Future Forecast: Kathmandu Valley
Results
Conclusions/Recommendations
References
3. Urbanization: to make an area of countryside or a village
into a town (Encarta® 2008)
Air Pollution: addition of harmful substances to the
atmosphere resulting in damage to the environment,
human health, and quality of life. (Encarta ® 2008)
The major source of air pollutant in many urban area is
found as the exhaust from vehicles.
The previously completed research works about the air
pollution in Kathmandu valley shows the transportation
as the major source of pollution.
I have reviewed more than 10 research reports about
Kathmandu valley and additional 10 reports from
various parts of the world. This means that the data
presented in this presentation are secondary data. To get
more data I have visited a lot of government and other
official websites that are listed in the references.
4. The main objective of this study is to extract the major issues
or sources of air pollution within the transportation
mechanism in the context of Kathmandu valley and conclude
for some reasonable recommendations
It also has the following objectives:
To collect various types of air pollution parameters
To evaluate the major sources
To describe the transportation as a source of air pollutant
To collect the major causes of air pollution within
transportation system
To evaluate the causes on the basis of secondary data
To provide some recommendations
5. Urban transport and environment in
Kathmandu Valley by Shobhakhar Dhakal,
Japan
Air pollution and role of urban transportaion in
Kathmandu Valley by Nawaraj Khatiwada
(SchEMS and MOPE)
Assessment of ambient air quality in Bishnumati
corridor, Kathmandu metropolis
Kathmandu university medical journal (2003)
vol-1, no.4, Issue 4
Climate and air quality : a case study by Sunil
Pokhrel, University Edwardsville
CIA: Asia network, vol-5
6. GEOGRAPHY
oValley area: 640 sq. km
o Floor area: 400 sq. km
•Kathmandu – metropolitan city
•Kirtipur – municipality
•Lalitpur – sub-metropolitan city
•Bhaktapur municipality
•Madhyapur municipality
•VDCs
8. Transportation Sector
City transportation and long distance travel
Vehicular emission
Resuspension of particles
Solid wastages dumped on the road
Industry
Brick kilns
Cement factory
Construction activities
3000 houses per year (1990-2000)
Other sources
Air transport
Tyre burning
17. In 1987, EPA (Environment Protection Agency) replaced the
earlier Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) air quality
standard with a PM-10 standard. The new standard focuses
on smaller particles that are likely responsible for adverse
health effects because of their ability to reach the lower
regions of the respiratory tract. The PM-10 standard
includes particles with a diameter of 10 micrometers or less
(0.0004 inches or one-seventh the width of a human hair).
EPA's health-based national air quality standard for PM-10
is 50 μg/m3 (measured as an annual mean) and 150 μg/m3
(measured as a daily concentration). Major concerns for
human health from exposure to PM-10 include: effects on
breathing and respiratory systems, damage to lung tissue,
cancer, and premature death. The elderly, children, and
people with chronic lung disease, influenza, or asthma, are
especially sensitive to the effects of particulate matter.
18.
19. In PM 10 Concentration:
NAAQS: 120 microgram/ cubic meter
Highest concentration in winter season
Sag in the curve coincide with rainy season
So2 Concentration:
NAAQS: 70 mocrogram/cubic meter (24 hr average)
Highest values in Bhaktapur
Operating season: December to may
CO Concentration:
NAAQS: 10,000 microgram/cubic meter (8hr
average)
20.
21. Large scale introduction of bus system will
reduce large no of vehicles and save energy.
However, in absence of progressive emission
standards this will increase PM10 and SO2
In long-run a number of countermeasures
would be necessary.
Tightening of emission standards is necessary
but not sufficient: effective for SO2, PM10 and
Nox but ineffective for reducing CO2.
Greater use of indigenously produced energy
resources (electricity in this case)
22. Promoting public transportation, especially with
those which high occupancy modes are essential
for a number of factors
A package of countermeasures are necessary
which only can address various priority issues
such as PM10, congestion, energy saving, greater
use of electricity and CO2
There should be synergies (coordination), not the
conflicts, between local and global priorities in the
Kathmandu Valley
Issues: Data quality (vehicle stock, operating
factor, fuel efficiencies, emission factors)