Nowadays, low environmental impact of wind energy is attractive. This paper aims to investigate the wind-power production potential of sites in North of Iran. Analysis of the wind speed of one city in the province of MAZANDARAN which is located in north of Iran is performed in this paper. The class of this site is a class one wind power site and the annual average wind speed is 3.58 m/s. The power density of this site is 99 W/m2 at 50 m height. Wind speed data measured over a five-year period at a typical site on the north coast of Iran are presented. The annual wind speeds at different heights have been studied to make optimum selection of wind turbine installation among three commercial turbines
Algeria engages with determination on the path renewable energies to bring global and long-lasting
solutions to the environmental challenges and to the problems of conservation of the energy resources of
fossil origin. Our study is interested on the wind spinneret which seems one of the most promising with a
very high global growth rate. The object of this article is to estimate the wind deposit of the region of Oran
(Es Senia), important stage in any planning and realization of wind plant. In our work, we began with the
processing of schedules data relative to the wind collected over a period of more than 50 years, to evaluate
the wind potential while determining its frequencies. Then, we calculated the total electrical energy
produced at various heights with three types of wind turbines.The analysis of the results shows that the
wind turbines of major powers allow producing important quantities of energy when we increase the height
of their hubs to take advantage of stronger speeds of wind.
Evaluation of the Energy Performance of the Amougdoul Wind Farm, Morocco IJECEIAES
This paper is concerned with the assessment of the the performance of the Amougdoul wind farm. We have determined the Weibull parameters; namely the scale parameter, c (m/s) and shape parameter, k. After that, we have estimated energy output by a wind turbine using two techniques: the useful power calculation method and the method based on the modeling of the power curve, which is respectively 134.5 kW and 194.19 KW corresponding to 27% and 39% of the available wind energy, which confirm that the conversion efficiency does not exceed 40%.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Wind Power Density Analysis for Micro-Scale Wind Turbinestheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation
Algeria engages with determination on the path renewable energies to bring global and long-lasting
solutions to the environmental challenges and to the problems of conservation of the energy resources of
fossil origin. Our study is interested on the wind spinneret which seems one of the most promising with a
very high global growth rate. The object of this article is to estimate the wind deposit of the region of Oran
(Es Senia), important stage in any planning and realization of wind plant. In our work, we began with the
processing of schedules data relative to the wind collected over a period of more than 50 years, to evaluate
the wind potential while determining its frequencies. Then, we calculated the total electrical energy
produced at various heights with three types of wind turbines.The analysis of the results shows that the
wind turbines of major powers allow producing important quantities of energy when we increase the height
of their hubs to take advantage of stronger speeds of wind.
Evaluation of the Energy Performance of the Amougdoul Wind Farm, Morocco IJECEIAES
This paper is concerned with the assessment of the the performance of the Amougdoul wind farm. We have determined the Weibull parameters; namely the scale parameter, c (m/s) and shape parameter, k. After that, we have estimated energy output by a wind turbine using two techniques: the useful power calculation method and the method based on the modeling of the power curve, which is respectively 134.5 kW and 194.19 KW corresponding to 27% and 39% of the available wind energy, which confirm that the conversion efficiency does not exceed 40%.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Wind Power Density Analysis for Micro-Scale Wind Turbinestheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Theoretical work submitted to the Journal should be original in its motivation or modeling structure. Empirical analysis should be based on a theoretical framework and should be capable of replication. It is expected that all materials required for replication (including computer programs and data sets) should be available upon request to the authors.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science would take much care in making your article published without much delay with your kind cooperation
Simulate the dispersion pattern of Suspended Particulate Matter in the vicini...IJERA Editor
Air quality modeling is an essential tool for most air pollution studies. This work deals with the use of the Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST3) model at a Thermal Power Plant. The study is performed over a period of 5-days. The objective of this study was to simulate the dispersion pattern of SPM in the vicinity of Thermal Power Plants at Neyveli. In order to simulate the dispersion pattern of Suspended Particulate Matter in Neyveli, a short term meteorological monitoring was conducted from 26.05.2008 to 30.05.2008. ISCST3 model was employed to simulate the concentration of Suspended particulate matter felt on the downwind locations of the neighbourhood of the Thermal power stations based on the observed wind data. The most predominant wind directions were from SSE and NW. Hence, the pollutants were transported towards NNW and SSE respectively. It is well evidenced from the pollution roses shown that diurnal variations of the dispersion of SPM in the neighbourhood of Thermal Power Plants. The concentrations of SPM were well below the 8 hour Ambient Air Quality standards.
Wind Turbine Power Generation: Response PredictionIOSR Journals
The worldwide interest has been increasing about wind energy for power generation purpose due to
continue increase in fuel cost and the need to have clean source of energy. Wind energy may enhance the power
generation capabilities and maximize its capacity factor, inurn participate in generating power at lower cost. It
has also been notice that renewable power generation through wind energy is also the fast growing energy
technology. The optimization of the efficiency of wind turbine is prudent to complete the conventional power
sources. Wind Turbine Power Generation (WTPG) is a complex phenomenon to understand since the real
process has depends upon the Wind Velocity and the relative turbine dimensions and the outside climatological
parameter like Wind Velocity (WV) nature of wind, etc. In this paper an effort has been made to develop a fuzzy
logic approach to predict an appropriate WTPG considering the WV, AD and Chord Length of Turbine Blades
(CLTB) as input parameters. The complexities of the parameters and the imprecision of linguistic expressions
are taken into consideration; the application combining linguistic variable to optimize WTPG under multiple
conditions is presented in this study.
“Design and Analysis of a Windmill Blade in Windmill Electric Generation System”IJERA Editor
Wind turbine is a standout amongst the most imperative wellsprings of renewable vitality. Wind turbine extricate active vitality from the wind. A little wind turbine cutting edge was composed and examined in this work. The power execution of little flat hub wind turbines was mimicked in detail utilizing altered blade element momentum methods (BEM). Another sharp edge was planned utilizing diverse assault points (i.e.0o , 5o , 10o ), distinctive speed (4m/s, 5m/s and 12m/s) and rotor span (0.5m and 1m). From this we discover harmony length and power yield hypothetically. Likewise, we chose material for proposed sharp edge.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Energy for fulfilling basic community/individual needs has come to constitute the first article of
expectation in all contemporary societies. The exploitation of renewables notably solar in electricity
generation has brought relief to the fulfilment of energy demand especially among susceptible
communities. In this paper yearly minimum solar radiation of Kano (12.05°N; 08.2°E; altitude 472.5 m; 3 air
density 1.1705 kg/m3) for 46 years is used to generate a prediction model that fits the data using
autoregressive moving average (ARMA) and a new model termed autoregressive moving average process
(ARMAP). Comparison between the ARMA and ARMAP models showed a tremendous improve in the sum
of square error reduction between the actual data and the forecasted data by 47%.
Heuristic Optimization Technique for CHP-Wind Power Dispatchidescitation
This paper applies Differential Evolution (DE) for
solving combined heat and power dispatch (CHP) problem with
wind turbines. The CHP economic dispatch problem consist
of two sub problems, namely, heat dispatch and power dispatch.
The optimal dispatch utilization of multiple CHP units and
wind turbines is a complicated problem due to the complex
constraints such as feasible operating regions created by
mutual dependence of heat and power. The uncertainty of
wind speed and wind power is modeled using the Weibull
probability distribution. Economic dispatch is carried out for
cost optimization with varying wind power. The proposed
method is able to handle all complex constraints very
effectively without any violations. The developed optimization
model is tested and validated on a study system from literature.
This paper presents a new method (the Unrestricted Wind Farm Layout Optimization (UWFLO)) of arranging turbines in a wind farm to achieve maximum farm efficiency. The powers generated by individual turbines in a wind farm are dependent on each other, due to velocity deficits created by the wake effect. A standard analytical wake model has been used to account for the mutual influences of the turbines in a wind farm. A variable induction factor, dependent on the approaching wind velocity, estimates the velocity deficit across each turbine. Optimization is performed using a constrained Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The model is validated against experimental data from a wind tunnel experiment on a scaled down wind farm. Reasonable agreement between the model and experimental results is obtained. A preliminary wind farm cost analysis is also performed to explore the effect of using turbines with different rotor diameters on the total power generation. The use of differing rotor diameters is observed to play an important role in improving the overall efficiency of a wind farm.
SIMULATION OF SOIL TEMPERATURE VARIATION FOR GEOTHERMAL APPLICATIONS IAEME Publication
This paper aims to predict ground temperature variation with depth for time variantambient air temperature and solar radiation data for Jamshedpur, India. Fourier series and
CFD techniques have been employed to determine diurnal and annual temperature variationfor the hottest and the coldest day of the year 2015.The diurnal temperature variation is up to
0.2m depth of soil whereas annual temperature variation isupto 3m depth.
Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Congestion Alleviation with Incorporation of Wind...IJECEIAES
The issue to alleviate congestion in the power system framework has emerged as an alluring field for the power system researchers. The research conducted in this article proposes a cuckoo search algorithm-based congestion alleviation strategy with the incorporation of wind farm. The bus sensitivity factor data are computed and utilized to sort out the sutiable position for the installation of the wind farm. The generators contributing in the real power rescheduleing process are selected as per the generator sensitivity values. The cuckoo search algorithm is implemented to minimize the congestion cost with the embodiment of the wind farm. The proposed method is tested on 39 bus New England framework and the results obtained with the cuckoo search-based congestion management approach outperforms the results opted with other heuristic optimization techniques in the past research literatures.
Simulate the dispersion pattern of Suspended Particulate Matter in the vicini...IJERA Editor
Air quality modeling is an essential tool for most air pollution studies. This work deals with the use of the Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST3) model at a Thermal Power Plant. The study is performed over a period of 5-days. The objective of this study was to simulate the dispersion pattern of SPM in the vicinity of Thermal Power Plants at Neyveli. In order to simulate the dispersion pattern of Suspended Particulate Matter in Neyveli, a short term meteorological monitoring was conducted from 26.05.2008 to 30.05.2008. ISCST3 model was employed to simulate the concentration of Suspended particulate matter felt on the downwind locations of the neighbourhood of the Thermal power stations based on the observed wind data. The most predominant wind directions were from SSE and NW. Hence, the pollutants were transported towards NNW and SSE respectively. It is well evidenced from the pollution roses shown that diurnal variations of the dispersion of SPM in the neighbourhood of Thermal Power Plants. The concentrations of SPM were well below the 8 hour Ambient Air Quality standards.
Wind Turbine Power Generation: Response PredictionIOSR Journals
The worldwide interest has been increasing about wind energy for power generation purpose due to
continue increase in fuel cost and the need to have clean source of energy. Wind energy may enhance the power
generation capabilities and maximize its capacity factor, inurn participate in generating power at lower cost. It
has also been notice that renewable power generation through wind energy is also the fast growing energy
technology. The optimization of the efficiency of wind turbine is prudent to complete the conventional power
sources. Wind Turbine Power Generation (WTPG) is a complex phenomenon to understand since the real
process has depends upon the Wind Velocity and the relative turbine dimensions and the outside climatological
parameter like Wind Velocity (WV) nature of wind, etc. In this paper an effort has been made to develop a fuzzy
logic approach to predict an appropriate WTPG considering the WV, AD and Chord Length of Turbine Blades
(CLTB) as input parameters. The complexities of the parameters and the imprecision of linguistic expressions
are taken into consideration; the application combining linguistic variable to optimize WTPG under multiple
conditions is presented in this study.
“Design and Analysis of a Windmill Blade in Windmill Electric Generation System”IJERA Editor
Wind turbine is a standout amongst the most imperative wellsprings of renewable vitality. Wind turbine extricate active vitality from the wind. A little wind turbine cutting edge was composed and examined in this work. The power execution of little flat hub wind turbines was mimicked in detail utilizing altered blade element momentum methods (BEM). Another sharp edge was planned utilizing diverse assault points (i.e.0o , 5o , 10o ), distinctive speed (4m/s, 5m/s and 12m/s) and rotor span (0.5m and 1m). From this we discover harmony length and power yield hypothetically. Likewise, we chose material for proposed sharp edge.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Energy for fulfilling basic community/individual needs has come to constitute the first article of
expectation in all contemporary societies. The exploitation of renewables notably solar in electricity
generation has brought relief to the fulfilment of energy demand especially among susceptible
communities. In this paper yearly minimum solar radiation of Kano (12.05°N; 08.2°E; altitude 472.5 m; 3 air
density 1.1705 kg/m3) for 46 years is used to generate a prediction model that fits the data using
autoregressive moving average (ARMA) and a new model termed autoregressive moving average process
(ARMAP). Comparison between the ARMA and ARMAP models showed a tremendous improve in the sum
of square error reduction between the actual data and the forecasted data by 47%.
Heuristic Optimization Technique for CHP-Wind Power Dispatchidescitation
This paper applies Differential Evolution (DE) for
solving combined heat and power dispatch (CHP) problem with
wind turbines. The CHP economic dispatch problem consist
of two sub problems, namely, heat dispatch and power dispatch.
The optimal dispatch utilization of multiple CHP units and
wind turbines is a complicated problem due to the complex
constraints such as feasible operating regions created by
mutual dependence of heat and power. The uncertainty of
wind speed and wind power is modeled using the Weibull
probability distribution. Economic dispatch is carried out for
cost optimization with varying wind power. The proposed
method is able to handle all complex constraints very
effectively without any violations. The developed optimization
model is tested and validated on a study system from literature.
This paper presents a new method (the Unrestricted Wind Farm Layout Optimization (UWFLO)) of arranging turbines in a wind farm to achieve maximum farm efficiency. The powers generated by individual turbines in a wind farm are dependent on each other, due to velocity deficits created by the wake effect. A standard analytical wake model has been used to account for the mutual influences of the turbines in a wind farm. A variable induction factor, dependent on the approaching wind velocity, estimates the velocity deficit across each turbine. Optimization is performed using a constrained Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The model is validated against experimental data from a wind tunnel experiment on a scaled down wind farm. Reasonable agreement between the model and experimental results is obtained. A preliminary wind farm cost analysis is also performed to explore the effect of using turbines with different rotor diameters on the total power generation. The use of differing rotor diameters is observed to play an important role in improving the overall efficiency of a wind farm.
SIMULATION OF SOIL TEMPERATURE VARIATION FOR GEOTHERMAL APPLICATIONS IAEME Publication
This paper aims to predict ground temperature variation with depth for time variantambient air temperature and solar radiation data for Jamshedpur, India. Fourier series and
CFD techniques have been employed to determine diurnal and annual temperature variationfor the hottest and the coldest day of the year 2015.The diurnal temperature variation is up to
0.2m depth of soil whereas annual temperature variation isupto 3m depth.
Cuckoo Search Algorithm for Congestion Alleviation with Incorporation of Wind...IJECEIAES
The issue to alleviate congestion in the power system framework has emerged as an alluring field for the power system researchers. The research conducted in this article proposes a cuckoo search algorithm-based congestion alleviation strategy with the incorporation of wind farm. The bus sensitivity factor data are computed and utilized to sort out the sutiable position for the installation of the wind farm. The generators contributing in the real power rescheduleing process are selected as per the generator sensitivity values. The cuckoo search algorithm is implemented to minimize the congestion cost with the embodiment of the wind farm. The proposed method is tested on 39 bus New England framework and the results obtained with the cuckoo search-based congestion management approach outperforms the results opted with other heuristic optimization techniques in the past research literatures.
FEASIBILITY OF USING WIND ENERGY FOR IRRIGATION IN IRAQ IAEME Publication
The possibility of using the wind energy for pumping in Iraq has been discussed and evaluated. This research includes a theoretical assessment in order to find solution for the technical and economic problems of water pumping from wells and explain the field of utilization this energy.Wind speed for different sites in Iraq which used to calculate the amount of water required for each crop. The energy needed by each location, its characteristics, and usage are determined by studying the results of the field investigations related to water requirements and wind characteristics at each location.
The possibility of using the wind energy for pumping in Iraq has been discussed and
evaluated. This research includes a theoretical assessment in order to find solution for the technical
and economic problems of water pumping from wells and explain the field of utilization this energy.
Wind speed for different sites in Iraq which used to calculate the amount of water required for each
crop. The energy needed by each location, its characteristics, and usage are determined by studying
the results of the field investigations related to water requirements and wind characteristics at each
location.
When designing a power generation project from a different source, and in our case study, wind, when calculating the annual energy produced, it is necessary to define and calculate the losses incurred in the system. The main cause of losses in a wind park is due to the oscillations caused by the turbulence of the air around the turbine because of roughness of terrain. The paper describes two methods of estimating turbulence intensity: one based on the mean and standard deviation (SD) of wind speed from the nacelle anemometer, the other from mean power output and its SD. These analyses are very important for understanding the fatigue and mechanical stress on the wind turbines. Then significance of the site ruggedness index (RIX) and the associated performance indicator (ΔRIX) are confirmed for terrain and the consequences of applying WAsP outside its operating envelope are quantified.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
An Experimental Study of Weibull and Rayleigh Distribution Functions of Wind ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper compares two commonly used functions, the Weibull and Rayleigh distribution
functions, for fitting a measured wind speed probability distribution at a given location over a certain period.
The monthly and annual measured wind speed data at 84 m height for the years have been statistically
analyzed for the country with a large capacity - Kitka. The analysis is made in the case of the
implementation of all the predicted capacity of wind turbines and by virtue of the probability of power
distribution. The Weibull and Rayleigh probability distribution functions have been determined and their
parameters have been identified. The average wind speed and the wind power density have been
estimated using both distribution functions and compared those estimated from the measured probability
distribution function. The Weibull distribution function fits the wind speed variation better than Rayleigh
distribution function. The average wind speed was found to be 4.5 m/s and the average wind power
density was 114.54 W/m According to results, we can conclude that such a distribution of winds in this
region yields an appropriate average value of wind power.
Wind energy forecasting using radial basis function neural networkseSAT Journals
Abstract
Wind power forecast is essential for a wind farm developer for comprehensive assessment of wind potential at a particular site or
topographical location. Wind energy potential at any given location is a non –linear function of mean average wind speed,
vertical wind profile, energy pattern factor, peak wind speed, prevailing wind direction, lull hours, air density and a few other
parameters. Wind energy pattern data of various locationsis collected from a published resource data book by Centre for Wind
Energy Technology, India.Modeling of wind energy forecasting problem consists of data collection, input-output selection,
mappingand simulation. In this work, artificial neural networks technique is adopted to deal with the wind energy forecasting
problem.After normalization, neural network will be run with training dataset.Radial Basis function based Neural Networks is a
feed-forward algorithm of artificial neural networks that offers supervised learning.It establishes local mapping with two fold
learning quickly.Wind power densities predicted for new locationsare in agreement with the measured values atthewind
monitoring stations.MAPE was found out to be less than 10% for all the values of Wind Power Density predictions at new
topographical locations and R2 is found to be nearer to unity.WPD values are multiplied by wind availability hours (generation
hours) in that particular location to give number of energy units at the turbine output. These values are compared to the output of
the wind turbine model installed in the same region, so as to assess the number of units generated by that particular wind turbine
in the respective locations.This kind of assessment is useful for wind energy projects during feasibility studies. With this work, it is
established that radial basis function neural netscan be used as a diagnostic tool for function approximation problemsconnected
towind energy resourcemodeling& forecast.
Keywords: Wind power density, wind energy, forecast, modeling, air density, peak wind speed, radial basis function,
neural network, CoD, MAPE
Evaluation of Wind Power for Electrical Energy Generation in the Mediterranea...IJECEIAES
The generation, distributionand transmission of electricity in Palestine have recently emerged as major issues. This study comprehensively assesses the production of wind energy and the estimation of wind energy potential in Palestine’s south coastal plain. The goal is to evaluate Palestine’s wind energy production by studying wind data and calculating energy and power. This study analyses two actual time series datasets. Findings are elaborated to determine the wind energy conversion per 1 m2. The wind speed data from January 1996 to December 2006 in Gaza and from January 2012 to December 2015 in Ashqelon are selected as the data sample. This study is crucial given the need for clean and renewable energy, the power shortage in the Gaza Strip and the limited number of wind energy studies conducted in the south coastal plain of Palestine, especially Gaza Strip. This study estimates the wind energy potential of the Gaza Strip to determine the wind potential. The annual mean wind speed and power are 4.11 ms-1 and 903.4 Wm-2, respectively. Moreover, the study clarifies the electrical energy generation in the Gaza Strip using small-scale turbines and offers a feasible alternative to existing schemes.
Calculating Wind Farm Production in Al-Shihabi (South Of Iraq) Using WASPIJERA Editor
The Wind Turbine farms are becoming popular in the renewable energy world. In this research, the Wind Atlas
Analysis and Application Program (WAsP) has been used to estimate wind power density in Al-Shihabi (south
of Iraq). All statistical operations on data series are obtained from Field data collected from the wind
measurement towers which installed by the Science and Technology Ministry at Kut city south of IRAQ at three
heights (10, 30, 50 m). The wind turbine selected for this study to be installed in the wind farm are Bonus-
300kw, 600kw The Annual Energy Production (AEP) has been calculate which varies between (746.990 -
759.446 MWH) at 30 m and it s varies between produced AEP (1.576 - 1.600 GWh) at 50 m ,this site classified
as ( class-1).
Performance of a Wind System: Case Study of Sidi Daoud SiteIJERA Editor
This paper describes recent developments of systems for the conversion of wind energy. It presents a modeling and simulation of wind energy conversion system at the site of Sidi Daoud using the experimental results obtained by the services of the company STEG and Madee. We determined the performance of machines based on site properties and dimensional characteristics of the device.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Delineation of Mahanadi River Basin by Using GIS and ArcSWATinventionjournals
Precipitation is the significant segment of hydrologic cycle and this essential wellspring of overflow. In hydrological models precipitation as information, release is mimicked at the outlet of a watershed. Exactness of release re-enactment relies on drainage zone of the watershed. Therefore in the present work Mahanadi river basin lying within Odisha (drainage area approximately 65000 sq. km.) has been delineated in to five subbasins based on the five CWC operated discharge sites in Odisha. In the present work Arc-Swat has been used to delineate the watershed with the help of the (digital elevation model) DEM. At last as indicated by area of release locales, the aggregate study range was isolated into five sub-basins in particular Kesinga, Kantamal, Salebhata, Sundergarh and Tikarpada. It was observed that number of sub-watersheds into which the study area is being depicted relies on number of outlets and density of drainage. For a specific number of outlets, the thick is the density of drainage the more is the quantity of sub-watershed and the other way around.
Design and Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Based Approach for Control of ...ijtsrd
Renewable Energy Sources are those energy sources which are not destroyed when their energy is harnessed. The model of wind turbine is based on the steady state power characteristics of the turbine. The stiffness of the drive train is infinite and the friction factor and the inertia of the turbine must be combined with those of the generator coupled to the turbine. In this paper, variable speed wind turbine driving permanent magnet synchronous generator with current controlled voltage source inverter has been proposed. Detailed modeling and control strategies of the overall system has been developed. It is found that under the proposed control strategy the system runs smoothly under randomly and quickly varying wind condition. During both symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault conditions, the system is found stable. Results shows that by using Current Source Inverter CSI stability of wind power can be achieved. By using CSI based Controller voltage source inverter or any separate storage energy system is not required. A model is used to determine the behavior of the wind turbine, induction generator and load. Arshid Mehraj | Harjit Singh | Onkar Singh "Design and Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Based Approach for Control of Wind Turbine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38107.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/38107/design-and-analysis-of-artificial-intelligence-based-approach-for-control-of-wind-turbine/arshid-mehraj
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
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Suitable Wind Turbine Selection using Evaluation of Wind Energy Potential in IRAN
1. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics ( IJCI) Vol.2, No.6, December 2013
Suitable Wind Turbine Selection using Evaluation of
Wind Energy Potential in IRAN
Hadi Sefidgar 1 and S. Asghar Gholamian 2
1,2
Babol University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering,
Babol, Iran
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, low environmental impact of wind energy is attractive. This paper aims to investigate the windpower production potential of sites in North of Iran. Analysis of the wind speed of one city in the province
of MAZANDARAN which is located in north of Iran is performed in this paper. The class of this site is a
class one wind power site and the annual average wind speed is 3.58 m/s. The power density of this site is
99 W/m2 at 50 m height. Wind speed data measured over a five-year period at a typical site on the north
coast of Iran are presented. The annual wind speeds at different heights have been studied to make
optimum selection of wind turbine installation among three commercial turbines.
Keywords
Wind turbine, Wind energy potential, Wind power density, MAZANDARAN.
1. Introduction
Wind energy is one of the most promising solutions, especially considering its technological
advancements and its growth over the past years [2]. Iran is one of the countries which have
recently paid a great attention to install and also build wind turbines.
A power wind generator is one of the best and cleanest methods of producing electricity and can
be a proper replacement for conventional fossil fuel [3].
Nowadays, the increasing demand for electrical energy and the restriction on pollution levels
have led to an increasing interest in large scale utilization of renewable energies like wind and PV
across many countries for example Iran. It is known that the supplies of fossil energy (such as oil,
gas and ...) are limited and their utilization as energy sources causes' environmental degradation
due to incomplete combustion when used as energy source.
In addition to this as the increasing of population increases the demand for energy sources,
therefore the issue of a seldom replacement of fossil fuels with renewable energy sources is major
consideration for all of countries: Iran Bing (in Asian Middle East) has a great potential for
producing about 7000MW of electricity with wind energy [4].
DOI: 10.5121/ijci.2013.2601
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2. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics ( IJCI) Vol.2, No.6, December 2013
Wind has been estimated that about 10 million MW of energy are available in the earth’s wind
continuously. Electrical energy from wind energy provides a variable and environmental option
and national energy security at a time when decreasing global reserves of fossil energies threatens
the Long-period sustainability of global economy [5].
Fig. 1 provides further details of the global growth of the wind energy sector [6].
Fig.1. World total installed capacity
Researchers believe the fossil fuel will be seldom at the turn of the 21st century, and the oil stores
would not last for few decades, they find it necessary to study and investigate into the use of everlasting or renewable source of energy like wind, the sun and other sources by the time the energy
crisis arrives.
Since there is an infinite cycle of renewable sources such as the wind and the sun all over the
country there is an urgent need to use the mentioned sources of energies. The first step to study
the feasibility of using the wind energy is to analyze the data from past based upon the wind
speed at different elevations. We have studied the feasibility of using the wind in Amirabad
Seaport in Mazandaran province by analyzing the speed of the wind and its potential in past 5
years [6, 7].
2. Wind energy in Amirabad Seaport
Wind speed data are summarized in a number of ways in the literature, including averages and
variances, frequency histograms, and theoretical frequency distributions fitted to the data.
Weibull distribution is generally considered for representing wind speed variations. The potential
of wind energy of a site depends both on wind speeds and the proportion of time for which these
speed points are available.
In addition, the air density is the height of the turbine tower. All of these concepts are considered
in the following sections.
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3. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics ( IJCI) Vol.2, No.6, December 2013
2.1. Wind speed characterization
The wind speed data used in this research were measured from the stations at a standard height of
10 m. The wind speed at any height can be calculated by equation (1) [1].
ln(h h0 )
V ( h)
Vr
ln(hr h0 )
(1)
V (h) = the wind speed at the required or extrapolated height h
Vr = the reference wind speed at reference height hr
h0 = the surface roughness length, which characterizes the roughness of the terrain.
In this research, h0 was calculated from Eq. (1) using the measured speeds at 10 m height.
Equation (1) was then used to estimate wind speeds at 50 m and 70 m height, since commercial
wind turbines generally have a hub height of 50 m or more.
The percentage frequency histogram of wind speed for the year is shown in Fig. 2. It can be noted
that, the cut-in speed is 3 m/s for in site because the wind speed for 70% of the time in the year is
rather 3 m/s. Therefore, the wind turbine selected would the cut-in speed is 3 m/s. The cut-out
wind speed is commonly 20–25 m/s and such speeds are rare at this site. The Weibull probability
density function, which is most commonly used to characterize wind speed distribution,
calculated by
k V
V
f (V ) ( )( ) k 1 exp[ ( )]
c c
c
(2)
Where V is wind speed, c is a scale factor and k is a shape factor. To estimate Weibull parameters
from speed data using the maximum likelihood method the following equations are used:
V
k(
N
j 1
k
j
ln(V j )
N
V jk
j 1
c(
1
N
N
V jk )
j 1
1
k
N
j 1
ln(V j )
N
) 1
(3)
(4)
Where, Vj is the wind speed in time step j and N is the number of nonzero wind speed data points.
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4. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics ( IJCI) Vol.2, No.6, December 2013
Fig.2. Frequency distribution of wind speed at Amirabad Seaport over the year
Eq. (3) must be solved using an iterative procedure (k=2 is a suitable initial guess), and then Eq.
(4) can be solved for c. Care must be taken to apply Equation (3) only to the nonzero data points
of speed
Probability Distribution Function
Frequency (%)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
10m WindSpeed (m /s)
Actual data
Best-fit Weibull distribution (k=1.23, c=3.21 m/s)
4
5. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics ( IJCI) Vol.2, No.6, December 2013
Probability Distribution Function
Frequency (%)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
50m Wind Speed (m/s)
Actual data
Probability Distribution Function
30
Frequency (%)
Best-fit Weibull distribution (k=1.23, c=4.02 m/s)
25
20
15
10
5
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
70m Wind Speed (m /s)
Actual data
Best-fit Weibull distribution (k=1.22, c=4.20 m/s)
Fig.3. Weibull distributions of wind speeds for different heights at Amirabad Seaport over the year
The Weibull distributions of wind speeds at some heights superposed on the frequency
distributions is shown in Fig. 3. The annual average and standard deviation of wind speed, the
Weibull parameters, and the average available wind power density (defined below) at different
heights are given in Table1. Table 2 and Table3 shown separate characterization for each month
was also carried out.
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6. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics ( IJCI) Vol.2, No.6, December 2013
Table1. Wind speed parameters at Amirabad Seaport for the year.
10m
Height
50m
Height
70m
Height
Wind
speed
(m/s)
2.86
Std. Dev
(m/s)
Weibull c
(m/s)
Weibull k
Mean
(W/m²)
2.4169
3.2133
1.238
50.013
3.58
3.0275
4.0214
1.234
98.322
3.75
3.1737
4.1956
1.220
113.24
The monthly average of wind speeds and power densities are shown in Figs. 4 and 5,
respectively. The figures show a large seasonal variation. Wind speeds are higher in the summer
season (Jun– Jul) but generally aren't suitable for good power production because, fig. 6 shown
the average wind power densities at 50 m height for 6 years is minor 200 W/m2 put in class 1
(least energy).
Table2. Wind speed and wind power density at Amirabad Seaport by month
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7. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics ( IJCI) Vol.2, No.6, December 2013
Table3. Wind speed characterization at Amirabad Seaport by month
Fig.4. Monthly average wind speeds at 10 m, 50 m and 70 m heights at AMIRABAD
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8. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics ( IJCI) Vol.2, No.6, December 2013
Fig.5. Monthly average power density at 10 m, 50 m and 70 m at AMIRABAD
Fig.6. Annual average wind power density at AMIRABAD Seaport for six years
2.2. Estimation of wind power
The wind speed distribution is ultimately used to estimate the wind energy output. The power P in
the wind has the cubic relation with the wind speed V. The wind power density E can be
described with a wind speed probability density (or distribution) function f (V).
P(V )
1
AV 3
3
(5)
8
9. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics ( IJCI) Vol.2, No.6, December 2013
E
P
A
Where
1
0
2
V 3 f (V )dV
1 3 k 3
c T (
)
2
k
(6)
is air density and A is the wind turbine blade sweep area.
Hence, the wind power density distribution can be expressed as follows [7],
e(V )
1
V 3 f (V )
2
(7)
The wind power density can thus be obtained by integrating the power density distribution in the
range from the minimum to the maximum wind speed.
The average power density available over the whole year is found to be 98.32 W/m2 at 50 m
height for AMIRABAD Seaport. Total available yearly energy density is 862 KWh/m2 of rotor
area in AMIRABAD Seaport. The actual power of commercial turbine is expected to produce at
this site depends on rotor area, hub height, and the efficiency or capacity factor of the turbine.
3. Results and discussion
The USA wind energy atlas defines seven wind power classes to categorize the wind energy
resource at a site. The 3.58 m/s annual average wind speed and 98.32 W/m2 average power
densities at 50 m height put Amirabad Seaport in class 1. Since, the wind speeds dispersal is
major, between 2 than 3 m/s in Amirabad site, impossible utilize high power wind turbines that
cut-in speed is further 5 m/s. therefore is suitable, the low power wind turbines use in site [1].
Commercial wind turbines are designed for high wind sites and do not perform as well in low
winds. Turbines designed to take advantage of local wind regimes will capture more energy, thus
lowering the cost. The performance curves for the respective machine output are provided in Fig.
7. Table 4 shows the parameters of each wind turbine, including the nominal power, the rotor
diameter, the hub height, the rated wind speed, and the cut-in and cut-out speeds of all of wind
turbine.
Table 5 shows the average power produced, total energy output over the year, and capacity factor
of each turbine for this site. In other to, turbine costs are estimated, using the thumb rule [8] of
US $1000 per kWh, as $450,000. Installation costs are taken as a further 20% of turbine cost and
operation and maintenance as 2% of turbine cost per year. With a turbine life of 20 years and a
real interest rate of 5%, the cost of electricity is calculated as 3.7 cents per kWh at present day
prices. Therefore, with the average wind speed and the average wind power density is available in
site and wind turbines characterization that shows in table 5, is suitable until selected wind
turbine Proven/15kw. Since, PROVEN wind turbine contains less cost and further capacity factor
than other two wind turbine. Hence, the electricity production costs reduce. Fig. 8 shows
comparison of generators performance in this study.
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10. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics ( IJCI) Vol.2, No.6, December 2013
Power Curve Comparison
Power Output (kW)
20
Prov en15 kW
15
10
5
0
0
5
10
15
20
Wind Speed (m/s)
25
Power Output (kW)
700
Suzlon S.52
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
5
10
15
20
Wind Speed (m/s)
25
30
Power Output (kW)
1,400
Suzlon S.66
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
0
5
10
15
20
Wind Speed (m/s)
25
Fig.7. Performance curves for the three wind turbines considered in this study.
10
11. Power Output (kW)
International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics ( IJCI) Vol.2, No.6, December 2013
350
Suzlon S.66
300
250
200
150
100
50
MM J S N J MM J S N J MM J S N J M M J S N J MM J S N J M
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Fig.8. Inter-comparison of machine performance for AMIRABAD, March 2005–March 201
Table4. Parameters of selected wind turbines
Turbine model
SUZLON s66
SUZLONs52
PROVEN
15kw
Rated power (kW)
1250
600
15
Rotor diameter (m)
66
52
9
Hub height (m)
74.5
75
15
Cut-in wind speed (m/s)
3
4
2.5
Rated wind speed (m/s)
14
13
9
Cut-out wind speed (m/s)
23
26
21
11
12. International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics ( IJCI) Vol.2, No.6, December 2013
Table5. Expected yearly power production by selected turbines
Turbine
Mean power Output
(kw)
Mean Energy Output
(Mwh/yr)
Capacity factor
SUZLON
s66
115
SUZLON
s52
61.3
PROVEN
15kw
4.3
1007
537
38
0.09
0.10
0.28
4. Conclusions
Wind energy is an attractive choice because of its low impact on environment, sustainability,
and reasonable costs. Statistical detail study of wind speed at 10 m, 50 m and 70 m heights for
AMIRABAD in Iran is presented. There are important justifications to be found for advancement
different sources of renewable energy in MAZANDARAN such as wind, and solar. This paper
used wind speed data over a Period 5 years, to assess the wind power potential at this site.
An evaluation of the wind resource available at AMIRABAD Seaport on the coast shows that
AMIRABAD Seaport have annual average wind speed of less than 4 m/s which is considered as
undesirable for installation of the wind turbines. The annual wind speeds at different heights have
been studied to make optimum selection of wind turbine installation among three commercial
turbines.
Using wind turbine technology can be a suitable choice compared to other sources, but it
should be noted that development of wind turbine in Iran is impressive and in the future many
suitable areas would become the site for the small or big wind turbine farms.
References
Irfan U,Gamar –uz-Z, Andrew J; An evaluation of wind energy potential at Kati Seaport, Pakistan';
Elsevier 2010
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[3] Mostafaeipour A, Sadeghian A. Development of wind turbine in Iran. Melbourne, Australia: WWEC;
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[4] Dawud Fadai. The feasibility of manufacturing wind turbines in Iran. Renewable Sustainable Energy
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[5] oselin Herbert GM, et al. A review of wind energy technologies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy
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[6] World Wind Energy Association (WWEA), "World wind energy report 2010", (April 2011).
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[8] Emami L. Feasibility study of electricity production in Yazd. Iran: Yazd University; 2008.
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