The document discusses vehicle emissions and air quality monitoring in Ottawa and provides background information. It notes there are 540,000 licensed vehicles in Ottawa for a population of 850,000, and traffic and vehicle numbers are expected to increase substantially. It also discusses the health impacts of air pollution in Ottawa and costs associated with premature deaths and health impacts. Real-time air quality monitoring networks and studies in other cities are also referenced.
Prof Margaret Bell CBE (Newcastle University) http://www.ncl.ac.uk/transport/people/profile/margaret.bell speaking at Acorn Road group meeting 18 July 2013
Urban Air Pollution in Developing Country Megacities.
A Workshop On
Transportation in Developing Urban Areas:
Addressing Air Quality and Climate Change Issues by Michael P. Walsh
Routes to Clean Air 2016 Richard Howard, Policy ExchangeIES / IAQM
Talk title: How to solve London's air quality crisis
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
Prof Margaret Bell CBE (Newcastle University) http://www.ncl.ac.uk/transport/people/profile/margaret.bell speaking at Acorn Road group meeting 18 July 2013
Urban Air Pollution in Developing Country Megacities.
A Workshop On
Transportation in Developing Urban Areas:
Addressing Air Quality and Climate Change Issues by Michael P. Walsh
Routes to Clean Air 2016 Richard Howard, Policy ExchangeIES / IAQM
Talk title: How to solve London's air quality crisis
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
The Port Environment – Emissions, Issues and Actiondrctaylor
Emissions from Ports affect air quality and climate change. What practical action can ports take? Presented at PIANC Young Professionals Seminar July 2010
Routes to Clean Air 2016 - Dr Kevin Turpin, TRLIES / IAQM
Talk title - Development of remote sensors for vehicle emissions detection
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
Routes to Clean Air 2016 - Dr Marion Wichmann FiebigIES / IAQM
Talk title: Air Quality in Germany: Trends, projections and key measures.
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
Routes to Clean Air 2016 - Julia Poliscanova - Transport and EnvironmentIES / IAQM
Talk title: Dieselgate: At the heart of air pollution and crisis in europe
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
Routes to Clean Air 2016 - Elliot Treharne, GLAIES / IAQM
Talk title: London's Air Quality Challenge
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
Routes to Clean Air 2016 - Paul Drummond, UCLIES / IAQM
Talk Title: Tackling NOx Emissions from diesel cars through tax: Options for the UK
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
Dr Anna Font, King’s College London ‘Did Policies to abate atmospheric emissions from traffic have a positive effect in London’
IAQM AGM 2016, 16th November 2016
Routes to Clean Air 2016 - Jane Thomas, Emissions AnalyticsIES / IAQM
Talk title: Measuring and monitoring emissions of nitrogen oxides from passenger cars. a 1200 vehicle case study
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
Routes to Clean Air 2016 - Dr Jon Lamonte, Transport for Greater ManchesterIES / IAQM
Talk title: Air Quality and Interventions in Greater Manchester
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
Routes to Clean Air 2016 - Alan Andrews, Client EarthIES / IAQM
Talk title: Firghting for the right to clean air
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
The Port Environment – Emissions, Issues and Actiondrctaylor
Emissions from Ports affect air quality and climate change. What practical action can ports take? Presented at PIANC Young Professionals Seminar July 2010
Routes to Clean Air 2016 - Dr Kevin Turpin, TRLIES / IAQM
Talk title - Development of remote sensors for vehicle emissions detection
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
Routes to Clean Air 2016 - Dr Marion Wichmann FiebigIES / IAQM
Talk title: Air Quality in Germany: Trends, projections and key measures.
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
Routes to Clean Air 2016 - Julia Poliscanova - Transport and EnvironmentIES / IAQM
Talk title: Dieselgate: At the heart of air pollution and crisis in europe
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
Routes to Clean Air 2016 - Elliot Treharne, GLAIES / IAQM
Talk title: London's Air Quality Challenge
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
Routes to Clean Air 2016 - Paul Drummond, UCLIES / IAQM
Talk Title: Tackling NOx Emissions from diesel cars through tax: Options for the UK
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
Dr Anna Font, King’s College London ‘Did Policies to abate atmospheric emissions from traffic have a positive effect in London’
IAQM AGM 2016, 16th November 2016
Routes to Clean Air 2016 - Jane Thomas, Emissions AnalyticsIES / IAQM
Talk title: Measuring and monitoring emissions of nitrogen oxides from passenger cars. a 1200 vehicle case study
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
Routes to Clean Air 2016 - Dr Jon Lamonte, Transport for Greater ManchesterIES / IAQM
Talk title: Air Quality and Interventions in Greater Manchester
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
Routes to Clean Air 2016 - Alan Andrews, Client EarthIES / IAQM
Talk title: Firghting for the right to clean air
Routes to Clean Air is a two-day conference from the IAQM where academics, professionals and policy makers share their experiences of improving traffic emissions.
This event highlights the importance of public communication and behavioural change surrounding road transport and air quality issues.
An Introduction to Motor Vehicles Act, 1988Nilendra Kumar
The familiarization to the Motor Vehicles Act is of relevance to diverse segments of the community. The existing law addresses different aspects of the statute. The presentation is an attempt to introduce the law.
Optimal Deployment of Emissions Reduction Technologiesfor Co.docxcherishwinsland
Optimal Deployment of Emissions Reduction Technologies
for Construction Equipment
Muhammad Ehsanul Bari
Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
Josias Zietsman
Texas Transportation Institute, The Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX
Luca Quadrifoglio
Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
Mohamadreza Farzaneh
Texas Transportation Institute, The Texas A&M University System, College Station, TX
ABSTRACT
The objective of this research was to develop a multiob-
jective optimization model to deploy emissions reduction
technologies for nonroad construction equipment to re-
duce emissions in a cost-effective and optimal manner.
Given a fleet of construction equipment emitting differ-
ent pollutants in the nonattainment (NA) and near
-nonattainment (NNA) counties of a state and a set of
emissions reduction technologies available for installa-
tion on equipment to control pollution/emissions, the
model assists in determining the mix of technologies to
be deployed so that maximum emissions reduction and
fuel savings are achieved within a given budget. Three
technologies considered for emissions reduction were des-
ignated as X, Y, and Z to keep the model formulation
general so that it can be applied for any other set of
technologies. Two alternative methods of deploying these
technologies on a fleet of equipment were investigated
with the methods differing in the technology deployment
preference in the NA and NNA counties. The model hav-
ing a weighted objective function containing emissions
reduction benefits and fuel-saving benefits was pro-
grammed with C�� and ILOG-CPLEX. For demonstra-
tion purposes, the model was applied for a selected con-
struction equipment fleet owned by the Texas Department of
Transportation, located in NA and NNA counties of Texas,
assuming the three emissions reduction technologies X,
Y, and Z to represent, respectively, hydrogen enrichment,
selective catalytic reduction, and fuel additive technolo-
gies. Model solutions were obtained for varying budget
amounts to test the sensitivity of emissions reductions
and fuel-savings benefits with increasing the budget. Dif-
ferent mixes of technologies producing maximum oxides
of nitrogen (NOx) reductions and total combined benefits
(emissions reductions plus fuel savings) were indicated at
different budget ranges. The initial steep portion of the
plots for NOx reductions and total combined benefits
against budgets for different combinations of emissions
reduction technologies indicated a high benefit-cost ratio
at lower budget amounts. The rate of NOx reductions and
the increase of combined benefits decreased with increas-
ing the budget, and with the budget exceeding certain
limits neither further NOx reductions nor increased com-
bined benefits were observed. Finally, the Pareto front
obtained would enable the decision-maker to achieve a
noninferior optimal combination of tota.
Joint presentation by Director of Public Health and Pollution Control Manager, Portsmouth City Council to the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health, January 2015
Posters summarizing dissertation research projects to date, presented by MA and MSc students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS), University of Leeds, April 2016.
http://bit.ly/1Yq5f8U
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/dissertation
1.8 Joaquin decision support tool (C.Stroobants)Stevie Swenne
Presentation of Christophe Stroobants (Flanders Environment Agency) on 'Joaquin decision support tool' during the conference 'Environmental challenges & Climate change opportunities' organised by Flanders Environment Agency (VMM)
This paper compares AERMOD with CALINE3-based models (CALINE4) and RLINE (Snyder and Heist, 2013) using a field study conducted in downtown Los Angeles in 2008. The evaluation supports the proposed replacement when AERMOD is executed with onsite meteorological data.
By Beatriz Cardenas. Presented at Day One of Transforming Transportation 2010. Washington, D.C. January 14, 2010. www.transformingtransportation2010.org.
At the 2014 annual Dispersion Modellers user group meeting guest speaker Christine McHugh spoke on the topic: 'Comparison of Air Quality in World Cities'
Picking up the fight against air pollution - Presentation & MasterclassRobert Heinecke
Making the invisible visible - picking up the fight against air pollution
Presentation for the public talk & masterclass in Prishtina, Kosovo on 9 and 10 September 2019
At the 2014 annual Dispersion Modellers user group meeting guest speaker Sean Beevers spoke on the topic: 'Update on progress with the development of a hybrid personal exposure model'
At the 2014 annual Dispersion Modellers user group meeting guest speaker James Tate spoke the topic: 'Making better use of microsimulation models for estimating vehicle emissions'
PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF DECISION MAKING FOR A NEW ROADWAY 62PlacementStuffTamil
After learning the basics secondly, we studied about the problems faced on
the current road route or the present road which were influencing in the decision
making of a new roadway for the betterment of the transport facility. Among all
the problems discussed, traffic congestion is the most non tolerable issue which
not only effects the lifestyle of the common man but also impacts significantly on
economy by decreasing the productivity of the work force of the nation. Apart
from the economic effect, the impact on the environment has also been evaluated
by using the carbon footprint method. As these further effects the human race
causing several health problems with severe results in long run.
Also, with the use of word traffic congestion a question arises in the mind, actually
it is measured that traffic flow is normal or having congestion. So, the term traffic
density (which measures the real time count of the vehicles per unit length on a
given road stretch) has also been discussed with its different methods of
calculation.
Similar to Traffic, Pollution and Health Part 1:Monitors (20)
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...
Traffic, Pollution and Health Part 1:Monitors
1. Traffic, Pollution and Health City-wide vehicle emission monitoring plan for Ottawa and Alta Vista Drive pilot project draft – J une 9 , 2006
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4. UK Air Pollution PM and to right Hours with O3 above 80 μg/m 3 http://tinyurl.com/aqura
5. UK Air Pollution Networks http://www.airquality.co.uk/archive/reports/cat05/0408161000_Defra_AQ_Brochure_2004_s.pdf
6. London Air Quality Network http://www.londonair.org.uk/london/asp/home.asp
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11. Local Air Quality Management Objectives - Technical Guidance LAQM.TG(09) - February 2009 http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/airquality/local/guidance/pdf/tech-guidance-laqm-tg-09.pdf
12. Sources and Health Effects of Regulated Pollutants (UK) http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/airquality/local/guidance/pdf/tech-guidance-laqm-tg-09.pdf
13. Exceedences and percentiles (UK) http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/airquality/local/guidance/pdf/tech-guidance-laqm-tg-09.pdf
14. Emission Sources and Pollutants (UK) http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/airquality/local/guidance/pdf/tech-guidance-laqm-tg-09.pdf
23. NOAA's National Weather Service Air Quality Forecast Guidance as 1-hr and 8-hr ozone concentration (in parts per billion or ppb) averages for Northeast US http://www.nws.noaa.gov/aq/
24. NOAA's National Weather Service Air Quality Forecast Guidance for Northeast US (zoomed) http://www.nws.noaa.gov/aq/sectors/northeast.php
26. CALCULATION OF MOBILE EMISSIONS ON A FINE GRID Coordinator: Michael Florian ( Centre for Research on Transportation , Environment Canada , Ministère des Transports du Québec ) October, 2005 Summary: a procedure that takes climate data entered by the user and calculates hourly polluting emissions on a fine (1 km) grid for the Metropolitan Montréal area - using Mobile6.2 EPA emissions model and EMME/2 traffic management model
27. Lower Fraser Valley Air Quality Monitoring Network http://www.gvrd.bc.ca/aqi/default.asp
28. Ontario MOE Air Quality Network http://www.airqualityontario.com/reports/aqi_site_map.cfm
29. Distribution of NO 2 in Toronto Ref : CMAJ • SEPT. 2, 2003; 169 (5) Relation between income, air pollution and mortality: a cohort study ( Finkelstein er al) http://www. cmaj .ca/ cgi /reprint/169/5/397.pdf http://tinyurl.com/7qvyu
30. NO2 Distribution- Toronto Ref:http://www.ehponline.org/members/2009/11533/11533.pdf "A Cohort Study of Traffic-related Air Pollution and Mortality in Toronto, Canada“ Jerrett et al(2009)
31. NO2 spatial distribution- Vancouver Ref: Spatial variations in estimated chronic exposure to traffic-related air pollution in working populations: A simulation by Eleanor M Setton1 , C Peter Keller1 , Denise Cloutier-Fisher1 and Perry W Hystad2 (International Journal of Health Geographics 2008, 7:39) http://www.ij-healthgeographics.com/content/7/1/39
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36. Ultrafine particles near and on roads Jeff Brook, Meteorological Service of Canada, EC http://www.irr-neram.ca/about/May%2019%20Workshop/NERAM-Probe%20(Brook).ppt Windsor Busy Roads Number per cubic centimeter 401 Windsor to Toronto
37. Washington DC ozone and PM readings http://www2.nature. nps . gov /air/ webcams /parks/ nacccam / washcam . cfm
38. Plans and measures developed in Stuttgart to promote air quality: The Challenge of the new Environment Zone (roadside monitor) http://www.cities-for-mobility.net/index. php ?option=com_ docman &task=doc_download& gid =223& Itemid =131
39. Plans and measures developed in Stuttgart to promote air quality: The Challenge of the new Environment Zone (exceedances) http://www.cities-for-mobility.net/index. php ?option=com_ docman &task=doc_download& gid =223& Itemid =131
40. Plans and measures developed in Stuttgart to promote air quality: The Challenge of the new Environment Zone (sources PM10) http://www.cities-for-mobility.net/index. php ?option=com_ docman &task=doc_download& gid =223& Itemid =131
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45. Air Quality Management in Hong Kong(2) http://www.cse.polyu.edu.hk/~activi/BAQ2002/BAQ2002_files/Proceedings/CityFocus/cf-7Leung2.pdf
54. Wood Burning Stoves and High PM Levels in Montreal Ref: Globe and Mail Feb. 5, 2009 http://tinyurl.com/bcm77p 47 per cent of the fine particulate matter in Quebec's air comes from fireplaces and wood stoves Environment Canada has issued 25 smog alerts for Montreal since the start of winter, 18 last month alone. The Lung Association says atmospheric pollution is responsible for 1,540 premature deaths in the Montreal region annually Montreal would prohibit the installation of wood stoves in new or existing homes. Stoves that burn wood pellets would still be allowed. The city's executive committee approved the wood-burning bylaw yesterday and will present it to city council on Feb. 23.
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61. How to Deal with Different Health Outcomes? Monica Campbell, Environmental Protection Office, Toronto Public Health http://www.irr-neram.ca/about/May%2019%20Workshop/Monica%20Campbell%20talk.ppt Pyramid of Health Effects Toronto Annual Estimates for Inhalable Particulates (PM 10 ) Premature mortality (acute) 177 Cardiovascular hospitalization 421 Respiratory hospitalizations 597 Adult chronic bronchitis 1,186 Emergency room visits 5,981 Bronchitis in children 11,997 Asthma symptom days 71,930
Th number of licensed vehicles includes cars, trucks, buses etc and is accelerating faster than the growth of the population as more an dmore pople live in the suburbs and require more cars per household than previously The length of roads in Ottawa is actually greater than the City of Toronto with 4 times the popualtion and a smaller area than Ottawa The estimates of premature deaths due to air pollution have increased from 140- 150 (OMA 2000) to the range 250-300 (OMA 2005 and Toronto MOH 2005) partly because Particulate Matter was added as a cause – and plans are in palce to monitor this pollutant which tends to impact locally and accumulate as opposed to being mixed with the atmosphere as other gaseoius products are, with less health impacts
it is notewqorthy that the Enviroemtnal Ass4essment for the East West Light Raail project inclded an assessment ofi the prevailing enviroemnt including air quality. Despite the absence of any actual measurements of air quality in the project area, throught EPA traffic management models (mobility 6) and he use of traffic flow numbers (based mainly on the Origin Detsination Survey in 1995 updated by spot traffic counts), the result for the 56 checkpoints was 47 moderate and 7 poor. The enxt Origin Destination Study is exp[ected to provide updated info on traffic flows and be available in April 2006
Pyramid of health effects illustrates that as the severity of the adverse health effect decreases, a larger portion of the population is affected We likely need to rely on severe adverse outcomes (mortality and hospitalization) because administrative records are most reliable and available One approach is to examine non-traumatic morbidity/mortality in the community and use risk coefficients from the literature to estimate what proportion is attributable to air pollution Another approach is to examine local exposures to air pollution and do a quantitative risk assessment (gives predicted risk)
Many questions are possible, only a few illustrated here Are cost-effective analysis tools currently available or could they be created to be able to assess the health benefits of various policy options? If we could introduce this type of information at the local level, it could help influence policy in a positive way Currently, analysis of health benefits of policy options is not common at the local level
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