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Pests and Diseases of Oil
Crops
Oil crops Programme
KALRO NJORO
James Njoroge
Oil crops
The oil crops section at KALRO Njoro deals with
six crops
Soybean
Sunflower
Rapeseed
Safflower
Linseed
Castor
Activity
Germplasm maintenance
• Linseed
• Castor
• Safflower
• Rapeseed
Crop development
• Sunflower
• soybean
SUNFLOWER(Helianthus
annuus)
Introduction
• Use the cytoplasmic male sterility system (CMS)
A-line - The female line
B-line -The maintainer line
R-Line – The male line or restorer line
• Screening is done on parental material for
resistance to sunflower rust, Downey mildew
• Seed production involves all the three lines
• For seed production the A and R line are planted
in a ration of 3:1
Diseases of sunflower
Disease Symptoms Control measures
Steam and head
rot (Sclerotinia
wilt)
-White mycelia attack the root,
stem and head. Infected parts
shrink and rot.
-Crop rotation
-Use of certified seed
-Bury infected plants
Downey mildew -loose white mycelia found on
lower surface of the leaves
-Crop rotation
-Use of certified seed
- Use Redomil; Metaloxyl
White blister rust -White spore on lower surface
raised pale yellow portions in
upper leaf surface and stem
-Crop rotation
-Use of certified seed
- Use Redomil, Metaloxyl
Charcoal rot -Discolored stems at the base.
Internal stem appear shredded
-Crop rotation
-Use of certified seed
Yellow blotch
virus(Y.B.V)
-leaf yellowing, severe distortion
of leafs, buds and flower
-control the vector
Sunflower viral disease
Rot on sunflower
Sunflower pests
Pest Nature of damage Control measures
Cut worms Cut seedling at ground level Synthetic pyrethroids
African
bollworm
Larvae feed on leaves (Skeletonize
leaves), tunnel the heads
Alfix (alfacypermethrine)
Semi-loopers Old larvae feed on leaves Synthetic pyrethroids
Aphids Suck plant sap causing stunted
growth
Synthetic pyrethroids
Birds
Brimstone, canaries,
Grosbeak, weaver
Eat seeds Use bird scarers, plant same time
Bollworms on sunflower
Diseases of soybean
DISEASE SYMPTOMS CONTROL
Frog eye
leaf spot
-Appears about two months after planting
-Many round grey spots on leaves, stems and pods.
-spots have reddish brown margin that appears like a
frog’s eye. -Leaves drop prematurely
 Use certified seed
 Remove diseased plant
debris
 Use fungicides
Soybean
mosaic
virus
(SMV)
-Common disease in highlands
-Spread by aphids, seed or mechanically.
-Yellow vein clearing, mottled leaves , stunted
growth.
-Infected seeds appear mottled, hilum is bleeding
 Remove and destroy affected
plants.
 Use certified seed
 Control the vector
Bacteria
blight
-Common disease of soybean favoured by cool
weather.
-Small angular, water soaked lesions on leaves, pods
and stems
 Use certified seed
 Rotate soybean with non
legumes
 Do not cultivate when wet
Bacterial
pustule
-Disease develops in warm wet weather
-Small angular, yellowish green spots with dark
reddish brown centres without water soaked
margin on leaves. Dead areas may tear away.
 Use certified seed
 Seed treatment with copper
oxychloride + stretocycline
Purple
seed
stain/
blotch
•Infected seeds are pink to dark purple in colour.
•Infected seedlings turn dark purple and fall
prematurely
•Plow under crop residue
• crop rotation with cereals
• seed treatment with fungicides
Soybean mosaic virus
SMV on seeds
Purple seed stain
Soybean diseases
SMV on soybean SMV and Soybean rust on soybean
Stem canker on soybean
Pests of soybean
PEST HOW TO RECOGNIZE CONTROL
Semi loppers  Feed on young leaves leaving midribs
(skeletonized leaves).
 Use Decis, Bulldok star
Cut worms  Feed at night.
 Cuts young seedlings at the base of
stem
 Young caterpillars feed on foliage, older
ones cut stems.
 Synthetic pyrethroids
Coreid/stink
bugs
 Insects puncture pods and seeds and
suck sap.
 Results in shriveled seeds, lower
percent germination, small seed size,
lower seedling vigour and reduced
storage ability.
 Synthetic pyrethroids
Termites  Mmigratory insects common in
marginal areas.
 Feed on the tap roots.
 Destroy all the anthills
 Use a termiticide
(dragnet,granadiator)
African  Eat leaves and developing seeds. Synthetic pyrethroids
Bean bruchid on soybean
Diseases of canola
Disease symptom Control measures
Black leg Grey brown lesions on leaves,
black cankers on stem base
Crop rotation, bury crop
residues
White leaf spot Roundish whitish spot on leaves Crop rotation
Sclerotinia wilt Stem with white mycelia
Containing small black bodies
Crop rotation, use certified seed
and bury infected plants
Pests of canola
Pest Nature of damage Control methods
Cut worms Cut seedling at ground level Synthetic pyrethroids
Flea beetles Eat circular holes on leaves Synthetic pyrethroids
Saw flies/semi-loppers Skeletonize leaves Synthetic pyrethroids
Diamond back moth Eat underside of leaves Synthetic pyrethroids
African bollworm Larvae feeds on leaves and seed Synthetic pyrethroids
Aphids Suck plant sap causing stunted growth Synthetic pyrethroids
Birds Eat seed Use bird scarers.
Aphids on Canola
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University of nairobi visit

  • 1. Pests and Diseases of Oil Crops Oil crops Programme KALRO NJORO James Njoroge
  • 2. Oil crops The oil crops section at KALRO Njoro deals with six crops Soybean Sunflower Rapeseed Safflower Linseed Castor
  • 3. Activity Germplasm maintenance • Linseed • Castor • Safflower • Rapeseed Crop development • Sunflower • soybean
  • 4. SUNFLOWER(Helianthus annuus) Introduction • Use the cytoplasmic male sterility system (CMS) A-line - The female line B-line -The maintainer line R-Line – The male line or restorer line • Screening is done on parental material for resistance to sunflower rust, Downey mildew • Seed production involves all the three lines • For seed production the A and R line are planted in a ration of 3:1
  • 5. Diseases of sunflower Disease Symptoms Control measures Steam and head rot (Sclerotinia wilt) -White mycelia attack the root, stem and head. Infected parts shrink and rot. -Crop rotation -Use of certified seed -Bury infected plants Downey mildew -loose white mycelia found on lower surface of the leaves -Crop rotation -Use of certified seed - Use Redomil; Metaloxyl White blister rust -White spore on lower surface raised pale yellow portions in upper leaf surface and stem -Crop rotation -Use of certified seed - Use Redomil, Metaloxyl Charcoal rot -Discolored stems at the base. Internal stem appear shredded -Crop rotation -Use of certified seed Yellow blotch virus(Y.B.V) -leaf yellowing, severe distortion of leafs, buds and flower -control the vector
  • 8. Sunflower pests Pest Nature of damage Control measures Cut worms Cut seedling at ground level Synthetic pyrethroids African bollworm Larvae feed on leaves (Skeletonize leaves), tunnel the heads Alfix (alfacypermethrine) Semi-loopers Old larvae feed on leaves Synthetic pyrethroids Aphids Suck plant sap causing stunted growth Synthetic pyrethroids Birds Brimstone, canaries, Grosbeak, weaver Eat seeds Use bird scarers, plant same time
  • 10. Diseases of soybean DISEASE SYMPTOMS CONTROL Frog eye leaf spot -Appears about two months after planting -Many round grey spots on leaves, stems and pods. -spots have reddish brown margin that appears like a frog’s eye. -Leaves drop prematurely  Use certified seed  Remove diseased plant debris  Use fungicides Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) -Common disease in highlands -Spread by aphids, seed or mechanically. -Yellow vein clearing, mottled leaves , stunted growth. -Infected seeds appear mottled, hilum is bleeding  Remove and destroy affected plants.  Use certified seed  Control the vector Bacteria blight -Common disease of soybean favoured by cool weather. -Small angular, water soaked lesions on leaves, pods and stems  Use certified seed  Rotate soybean with non legumes  Do not cultivate when wet Bacterial pustule -Disease develops in warm wet weather -Small angular, yellowish green spots with dark reddish brown centres without water soaked margin on leaves. Dead areas may tear away.  Use certified seed  Seed treatment with copper oxychloride + stretocycline Purple seed stain/ blotch •Infected seeds are pink to dark purple in colour. •Infected seedlings turn dark purple and fall prematurely •Plow under crop residue • crop rotation with cereals • seed treatment with fungicides
  • 13. Soybean diseases SMV on soybean SMV and Soybean rust on soybean
  • 14. Stem canker on soybean
  • 15. Pests of soybean PEST HOW TO RECOGNIZE CONTROL Semi loppers  Feed on young leaves leaving midribs (skeletonized leaves).  Use Decis, Bulldok star Cut worms  Feed at night.  Cuts young seedlings at the base of stem  Young caterpillars feed on foliage, older ones cut stems.  Synthetic pyrethroids Coreid/stink bugs  Insects puncture pods and seeds and suck sap.  Results in shriveled seeds, lower percent germination, small seed size, lower seedling vigour and reduced storage ability.  Synthetic pyrethroids Termites  Mmigratory insects common in marginal areas.  Feed on the tap roots.  Destroy all the anthills  Use a termiticide (dragnet,granadiator) African  Eat leaves and developing seeds. Synthetic pyrethroids
  • 16. Bean bruchid on soybean
  • 17. Diseases of canola Disease symptom Control measures Black leg Grey brown lesions on leaves, black cankers on stem base Crop rotation, bury crop residues White leaf spot Roundish whitish spot on leaves Crop rotation Sclerotinia wilt Stem with white mycelia Containing small black bodies Crop rotation, use certified seed and bury infected plants
  • 18. Pests of canola Pest Nature of damage Control methods Cut worms Cut seedling at ground level Synthetic pyrethroids Flea beetles Eat circular holes on leaves Synthetic pyrethroids Saw flies/semi-loppers Skeletonize leaves Synthetic pyrethroids Diamond back moth Eat underside of leaves Synthetic pyrethroids African bollworm Larvae feeds on leaves and seed Synthetic pyrethroids Aphids Suck plant sap causing stunted growth Synthetic pyrethroids Birds Eat seed Use bird scarers.