Status of new sweetpotato varieties
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1. Researchers at KALRO Njoro have developed 5 new sweetpotato varieties that are tolerant to high altitudes between 1700-2300 masl, have improved yields of 15-46 tons/ha, and resistance to viruses and weevils. 2. The varieties were tested on-farm through participatory selection and evaluation with farmers. They have good agronomic traits, higher beta-carotene and dry matter content, and are adapted across locations. 3. The new varieties help address food security and nutrition in highland areas, and have potential to supplement maize due to emerging disease issues. Their promotion and adoption will expand sweetpotato production and incomes.
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The document discusses plant breeding, including its goals, methods, opportunities and recent research areas. Plant breeding aims to genetically improve plants for traits like higher yield, improved quality, biotic and abiotic resistance, and wider adaptability. Recent areas of focus include biofortification to increase nutrient levels, developing resistance to diseases and insects, and exploiting heterosis. Future opportunities lie in improving water and nutrient use efficiency, weed competitiveness and storage duration. Advances in breeding will be crucial to address global challenges to food security under changing environmental conditions.
Breeding rice for sustainable agriculture
Rice is the major cereal crop in Asia where 90% of the world’s rice is produced and consumed. Rice production and productivity need to keep pace with a growing global population likely to reach 9 billion by 2050 in order to have a hunger-free world and to ensure sustainable production in the face of depleting resources such as land, water and nutrients as well as changing climatic conditions.
Breeding of rice
GPB 311: RICE-Centre of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives and major breeding objectives and procedures for development of varieties and hybrids for improvement yield, adoptability, stability, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance and quality of Rice crop.
One Hectare To Prosperity English book
Around 70% of producers (farmers, tribals on forest land etc.) population in India comes under the category of small (19%) and marginal (51%) farmers. These categories of farmers have land holding of around 1 hectare and implementing existing policies to allot Govt. land to them (Booklet no. 434, Agricultural situation in India: ASIS-6). This population is mostly, poor, hungry, malnourished, illiterate, isolated, deep in debt, having lost their knowledge to follow their agro-ecology, having fallen into global investment in the market oriented development research, with extension focused on adapting and converting to high cost, high risk green revolution/Biotechnologies systems. This is the cause of their distress and the agrarian crisis in India. So, if we want our agriculture to again contribute significantly to the development and growth by becoming sustainable in the long term, we need to assist/facilitate by meeting the needs of the producer community so that they once again follow their producer oriented, low cost, low risk, agro ecology, primarily to meet their nutrition, food and cash requirements as this is the target population (mostly women and youth) that has capabilities and if given proper resources to develop their capacities
One hectare feasibility study with forward
This document outlines a plan for smallholder farmers with approximately 1 hectare of land to implement agroecology practices. It discusses the benefits of agroecology such as producing own inputs, access to nutritious crops, soil health improvement, and climate change adaptation. The plan includes trenches and ponds for water management, live fencing, intercropping various crops, and mixed tree plantations. Case studies show high yields and productivity using these methods on small plots of land. The goal is for small farmers to sustainably meet family food, nutrition, and income needs from 1 hectare through agroecology.
Can non-GMO climate-smart crops alone sustain small-scale farming?
Can non-GMO climate-smart crops alone sustain small-scale farming?CCAFS | CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security
Presentation by Jan Low from CIP at the Land and Water Advantage event on the sidelines of COP23.
More information about the event series: https://bit.ly/AgAdvantage Development of North Western Himalyan states
The document summarizes a presentation on building biotechnology for a knowledge-based bioeconomy in North-West Himalayan states. It discusses the status and challenges of agriculture in Jammu and Kashmir including shrinking land resources and climate change impacts. It promotes a bioeconomy approach using biotechnology, nanotechnology, and bioinformatics to sustainably manage biological resources and develop new products. It outlines initiatives at SKUAST-Kashmir on cloning goats, identifying genes for cold tolerance in pashmina goats and camels, developing biopesticides and biofertilizers, and more. The presentation aims to prioritize further research on biotechnology applications for the region's development.
Technical report on two Sorghum varieties (12KNICSV-188 and 12KNICSV-22) deve...
Sorghum is an important staple crop in Nigeria due to its adaptability to different ecologies and affordability. Nigeria is the largest producer of Sorghum in Africa and the third largest in the world after USA and India. Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (FMARD), under the Agricultural Transformation Agenda is focused on strengthening the Nigerian economy through commodity transformation of sorghum as one of its target crops. Improving nourishment and ensuring food security for the low income populace who depend on sorghum as their staple food, and most of whom are situated in the North West and North East Nigeria.
BGRI poster 2020
1) The document discusses the status of yellow rust disease resistance in improved wheat genotypes in Nepal. Yellow rust is a major constraint to wheat production in Nepal.
2) Variety trials were conducted on 280-290 wheat genotypes at different sites in Nepal from 2017-2019 to evaluate resistance to yellow rust at seedling and adult plant stages. Many genotypes showed resistance at adult plant stages even if susceptible at seedling stage.
3) Recently released varieties like Munal and Chyakhura have shown durable adult plant resistance to yellow rust and other rusts. Additional promising lines like WK1712, WK2286, WK2370 and WK2422 also show potential for future release with yellow rust
2015. M. S. Swaminathan. Next Generation Genomics and the zero hunger challenge
This document summarizes a conference on next generation genomics and integrated breeding for crop improvement. It discusses the history and impact of the green revolution, challenges of feeding a growing population, and opportunities provided by new genomic and phenomic technologies to accelerate crop breeding for traits like increased yield, abiotic stress tolerance, and nutritional quality. It highlights examples of successful crop varieties developed through marker-assisted breeding and genetic modification. The document emphasizes the need for integrated approaches that apply genomic data and high-throughput phenotyping within breeding programs to address food security and climate change challenges.
Advances in Ground nut breeding
Groundnut is one of the most important cash crops in our country. It is a low- priced commodity but a valuable source of all the nutrients. Groundnut is the sixth most important oilseed crop in the world. It contains 48-50% of oil and 26-28% of protein and is a rich source of dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins. The production of groundnut is concentrated in Asia and Africa with 56% and 40% of the global area and 68% and 25% of the global production, respectively
Breeding for yield potential and stress adaptation in rice
With resources such as land being limited, increasing yield potential holds an important place for feeding the growing population. Stress is one of the main reasons for hindering the full flourish potential of any crop. Thus, breeding for increasing yield potential as well as stress adaptability goes hand in hand. Various conventional as well as advanced breeding methods along with the understanding of crop physiology can help us achieve the goal
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF GENOTYPES DERIVED FROM WILD C...
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF GENOTYPES DERIVED FROM WILD C...GopalamSubashChandra
G. SUBASH CHANDRA BOSE, BAM-20-26, DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS AND PLANT BREEDING, BAPATLA AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE, BAPATLA.Building Bioeconomy in Jammu & Kashmir
Brain Storming Session
Prioritization of Research for
Development of N-W Himalyan States
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Jatropha Curcas: A Promising Crop for the Generation of Biodiesel
This document reviews the potential of Jatropha curcas as a source for biodiesel production and value-added coproducts. Jatropha is highlighted as a promising crop that can grow on degraded and low-quality lands, helping to prevent further degradation. It is drought-tolerant and adaptable to a wide range of climates. The review discusses using Jatropha for carbon capture and enhancing socioeconomic conditions in tropical regions, as well as reclaiming eroded lands. It also compares toxic and non-toxic varieties in terms of their properties and potential for biodiesel and livestock feed.
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Genetic resources and ipr
Laura Karanja presented on the international regulatory framework for genetic resources and intellectual property protections relevant to KALRO. The presentation covered:
1) An overview of the international agreements governing access to genetic resources and benefit sharing, including the Convention on Biological Diversity, the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources, and intellectual property rules.
2) Case studies illustrating issues that can arise regarding ownership and use of genetic materials and associated intellectual property.
3) Options for intellectual property protection and management practices KALRO could adopt, such as developing an institutional intellectual property policy and database, and providing intellectual property training. The goal is to help KALRO recognize and protect the value of innovations arising from their
Eaapp 2015 conference presentation
This document summarizes a study on the cultural management of Russian wheat aphid (RWA) infestation on selected wheat varieties in Kenya. The study evaluated the effects of wheat variety, seeding rate, and nitrogen application rate on RWA counts and wheat yield. Results showed that the variety K. Korongo had the lowest RWA counts while NBWII had the highest. Applying nitrogen at 100kg/ha resulted in the highest yields despite also resulting in higher RWA counts. Seeding at 125kg/ha produced the highest yields. While RWA negatively impacted yields, appropriate variety selection and optimized seeding and fertilizer rates helped improve wheat tolerance to RWA damage.
Nyakwara
This document summarizes a study that assessed gender roles and environmental impacts during oil crop production in Lare, Nakuru, Kenya. The study found that production activities were determined by socio-economic factors and gender. Male farmers predominantly made autonomous decisions, while female farmers performed most production tasks. Both male and female farmers lacked awareness of environmental and gender policies and faced health risks from pesticide use without protective gear. The study recommends approaching gender roles differently during farming, reducing health risks through pesticide strategies that consider human gender, and conducting commodity-specific gender analyses to address challenges and opportunities.
Gmo edit
GMO crops can potentially provide both benefits and risks. Some key benefits include increased food security and yields through traits like pest and disease resistance. GM crops may also improve nutrition - for example, golden rice has been developed to help address vitamin A deficiencies. However, there are also concerns about possible negative environmental impacts and unknown long term health effects. Evaluating GM crops requires considering perspectives like the precautionary principle as well as principles of substantial equivalence by comparing GM crops to conventional crops. Overall, the impacts of GM crops are still being studied and debated.
Nyakwara
This document summarizes a study that assessed gender roles and environmental impacts during oil crop production in Lare, Nakuru, Kenya. The study found that production activities were determined by socio-economic factors and gender. Male farmers predominantly made autonomous decisions, while female farmers performed most production tasks. Both male and female farmers lacked awareness of environmental and gender policies and faced health risks from pesticide use without protective gear. The study recommends approaching gender roles differently during farming, reducing health risks through pesticide strategies that consider human gender, and conducting commodity-specific gender analyses to address challenges and opportunities.
University of nairobi visit
This document discusses pests and diseases that affect various oil crops grown and studied at KALRO Njoro including sunflower, soybean, and canola. For sunflower, it describes the use of cytoplasmic male sterility lines for hybrid seed production and lists diseases like stem and head rot, downy mildew, white blister rust, and charcoal rot. It also discusses viral diseases and pests such as cutworms, bollworms, and aphids. For soybean, it lists diseases like frog eye leaf spot, soybean mosaic virus, bacterial blight, and purple seed stain and describes their symptoms and control. It also discusses pests such as semi-loppers, cut
Seeds visit seminar june 2015 (insect pests)
This document summarizes major insect pests that affect wheat crops and stored wheat grains in Kenya and their management strategies. It discusses cereal aphids, quelea birds, rodents, and stored grain pests. For cereal aphids, it recommends cultural and chemical controls including seed treatments and foliar insecticides. For quelea birds it suggests scaring, habitat destruction, and avicides. For rodents it recommends cultural controls and rodenticides. For stored grain pests, it emphasizes proper drying and chemical treatments with approved insecticides to control insects in storage.
Wheat quality improvement in kenya final
This document discusses the development of superior quality bread wheat at KALRO. It outlines the various quality parameters considered in wheat breeding such as milling characteristics, protein content, gluten strength, enzymatic activity and end-use quality. Breeding activities involve screening large numbers of lines for yield, disease resistance and quality from early generations to national performance trials. The goals are to identify wheat varieties that meet the quality requirements for various end uses like bread, pasta and regional dishes while maintaining high yields.
Status of new sweetpotato varieties
1. Researchers at KALRO Njoro have developed 5 new sweetpotato varieties that are tolerant to high altitudes between 1700-2300 masl, have improved yields of 15-46 tons/ha, and resistance to viruses and weevils.
2. The varieties were tested on-farm through participatory selection and evaluation with farmers. They have good agronomic traits, higher beta-carotene and dry matter content, and are adapted across locations.
3. The new varieties help address food security and nutrition in highland areas, and have potential to supplement maize due to emerging disease issues. Their promotion and adoption will expand sweetpotato production and incomes.
Wheat quality improvement in kenya final
The document discusses the development of superior quality bread wheat at KALRO. It describes wheat quality characterization which includes parameters like kernel characteristics, milling properties, dough rheology, and end product evaluation. It outlines KALRO's wheat breeding program which involves screening lines for yield, disease resistance, and quality from F1 to national performance trials. The interactions between different departments like breeding, pathology, and agronomy are also discussed. Finally, it covers topics like wheat end-uses, quality standards, and the importance of wheat nutrition for humans.
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Status of new sweetpotato varieties
- 1. Status on Development, Evaluation and promotion of New Sweetpotato Varieties L. Karanja, J. Malinga, J. Ndung’u, A. Gichangi, D. Lelgut, J. Kamundia, P. Yegon and R. Cheboswony
- 2. Introduction Sweetpotato is a cheap source of carbohydrates and Vitamin A in OFSP varieties Contributes to agro-processing and rural industries, trade, poverty alleviation, improved nutrition and natural resource management Over 2 million households are involved in production
- 3. Introduction Although a traditional high value crop, productivity low (5-12 tons/ha) compared to potential (30-50 tons/ha) Susceptibility of varieties to virus disease (SPVD) and weevils. Low genetic potential in some varieties and unsuitable varieties for high altitude agro-ecosystem
- 4. Introduction Inadequate access to timely & sufficient quantities of quality planting materials (vines) ((Gibson, 2008) Poor market linkages Emerging agro-ecological areas are highlands lying between 1700 – 2200 masl in Central Rift valley for which KALRO Njoro has developed varieties tolerant to cold nights and high altitudes.
- 5. Objectives Research focused on solving the problem through development of new varieties for high altitudes -1700 -2200 masl – with improved yields, – resistance to viruses and weevils, – improved food quality – wide adaptability – acceptability by consumers and market standards `
- 7. 2. Farmer Participatory selection of parents 1. Germplasm Collection Materials and Methods
- 8. 3.Established crossing block 4. Crossing process Materials and Methods
- 9. 5. NPT evaluation 6. Participatory farmer evaluation and harvesting 7. Breeders seed multiplication
- 10. Variety Region (MASL) Duration Yield (T/Ha) Special Attributes Kenspot-1 1700- 2300 6 to 7 15-25 Av. Yield -23 t/ha; Mod. DM-29.4%; Yellow- fleshed Acceptability -3.3 Kenspot-2 1700- 1900 6 to 7 15 to 46 Av. Yield - 21 t/ha) DM-26.2 Acceptability -3.6 white fleshed Kenspot-3 1900- 2300 6 - 7 10 to 27 Av. yields -18.7 t/ha DM -32.5 Orange- fleshed -1.08 , acceptability -3.3 Kenspot-4 1700- 2300 6- 7 10 to 26 High DM -30.4 Orange fleshed B-carotene -3.08 Acceptability -3.2 Kenspot-5 1700- 2100 6- 7 10 to 23 Orange fleshed – high B-carotene -4.7 DM-25.9 MR to SPVD Acceptability -3.0
- 12. Discussion Good agronomic traits; moderately resistant and acceptable to farmers across multilocational sites Higher Beta-carotene, DM and adapted to highland AEZ Stable across the site & season An important emerging food staple likely to supplement maize because of emerging maize disease. Higher yield and vitamin A hence food security and better health
- 13. Discussion What are the implications for agricultural dev./further research – Reaching non-traditional sweetpotato areas mean expanded production unit and area hence better income and life style change – There is also an emerging export and local industrial market for sweetpotato roots.
- 14. Conclusion Five new varieties perform well in AEZ with moderate SPVD pressure and well distributed rainfall Adequate and quality planting material Promotion of food security
- 15. Conclusion Rapid multiplication and delivery system in place and currently new varieties already in nineteen counties Sense of ownership of varieties by farmers and extension staff due to participatory involvement Farmers more willing to adopt agronomic practices for better production