The Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) in India was established in 1985, aiming to reduce mortality and morbidity from six vaccine-preventable diseases by achieving 100% immunization coverage among children and women. It has evolved over the years with various initiatives and strategies, including Mission Indradhanush and Pulse Polio Immunization, to enhance vaccination rates and introduce new vaccines. The program emphasizes community participation, training of health personnel, and monitoring systems to ensure effective implementation.

1. UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME
BY;
ANUSHRI SRIVASTAVA
CLINICAL INSTRUCTOR

2. CONTENT
Introduction
Definition
Objectives
Strategies
Target
Vaccines and its types
Schedule
Complications
Mission Indradhanush
Pulse Polio Immunization
New Initiatives

3. INTRODUCTION
Immunization Programme is the one of the largest programme of
world. This programme in India was introduced by WHO in 1978
as Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI).
In 1985 it was expanded as Universal Immunization Programme that
covers all the districts in country by 1989-90 .UIP become a part of
CSSM in 1992 and RCH in 1997 and is currently one of the key
areas under NRHM since 2005 .

4. DEFINITION
The action of making a person or animal resistant to a particular infectious
disease or pathogens typically by vaccination .
Or
According to WHO – Immunization is the process whereby a person is made
immune or resistant to an infectious disease ,typically by the administration
of a vaccine .

5. EVOLUTION OF THE PROGRAMME
• 1978: Expanded Programme of immunization (EPI).
• Limited reach - mostly urban
• 1985: Universal Immunization Programme (UIP).
• For reduction of mortality and morbidity due to 6 VPD’s.
• Indigenous vaccine production capacity enhanced
• Cold chain established
• Phased implementation - all districts covered by 1989-90.
• Monitoring and evaluation system implemented

6. EVOLUTION OF THE PROGRAMME
• 1986: Technology Mission On Immunization
• Monitoring under PMO’s 20 point programme
• Coverage in infants (0 – 12 months) monitored
• 1992: Child Survival and Safe Motherhood (CSSM)
• Included both UIP and Safe motherhood program
• 1997: Reproductive Child Health (RCH 1)
• 2005: National Rural Health Mission (NRHM)
• 2012: Government of India declared 2012 as “Year of Intensification of Routine
Immunization.

7. EVOLUTION OF THE PROGRAMME
• 2013: India, along with other South-East Asia Region, declared commitment
towards measles elimination and rubella/congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)
control by 2020.
• 2014: No Wild Polio virus case was reported from the country for the last
three years and India had a historic achievement and was certified as “polio
free country” along with other South East Asia Region (SEAR) countries of
WHO.

8. OBJECTIVES
1. To reduce morbidity and mortality of the major six childhood
disease .
2. To achieve 100% coverage for eligible children.
3. To develop a surveillance system .

9. CONTD………
4. To minimize the efforts and cost of treatment.
5. To deliver an integrated immunization services through health centres .
6. To promote a new healthy generation .

10. STRATEGIES
1. Training of all health personnel .
2. Strengthening the cold chain .
3. Promotion of community participation .
4. Integrate vaccination session with PHC services .
5. Ensuring regular supply of potent vaccine .

11. TARGET
1. Under five year children .
2. Women in the child bearing age (15-45years).
3. Schedule of immunization .
4. Types of the vaccine .
5. Dose of each vaccines .
6. Route of administration.
7. Precautions of vaccinations .

12. TARGET
• RI targets to vaccinate 27 million new born each year with all primary doses
and ~100 million children of 1-5 year age with booster doses of UIP
vaccines. In addition, 30 million pregnant mothers are targeted for TT
vaccination each year. To vaccinate this cohort of 157 million
beneficiaries, ~10 million immunization sessions are conducted, majority of
these are at village level

13. COMPONENTS
• Strategy and policy
• Cold chain system, Vaccines, logistics
• Injection safety and waste disposal
• AEFI (Adverse Event Following Immunization)Surveillance System in India
• Strategic communication
• Immunization Trainings
• Monitoring and evaluation

14. VACCINES
Definition –
A vaccine is an immune biological substances designed to
produce specific protection against a given disease.

15. TYPES OF VACCINES
1. Live attenuated Vaccine
Vaccines against bacteria Vaccines against virus
BCG Oral polio vaccine
Cholera Mumps
Typhoid Measles
Rubella
Rotavirus

16. 2. Inactivated or killed vaccines
Vaccines against bacteria Vaccines against virus
Diphtheria Rabies
Pertussis Influenza
Typhoid Hepatitis B
Pneumococcal

17. 3. TOXIOD VACCINES
• Diphtheria
• Tetanus

18. 4. CELLULAR FTRACTION
• eg. Meningococcal vaccines

19. 5. COMBINATION VACCINE
• Eg. DPT , MMR , DT

21. National Technical Advisory Group on
Immunization (NTAGI)
• Injectable Polio Vaccine (IPV): National Technical Advisory Group on
Immunization (NTAGI) recommended Injectable Polio Vaccine (IPV) introduction
as an additional dose along with 3rd dose of DPT in the entire country in the first
quarter of 2016.
• Rota virus vaccine: NTAGI recommended the introduction of rotavirus vaccine in
Universal Immunization Programme in a phased manner.
• Rubella vaccine is to be introduced as MR vaccine replacing the measles containing
vaccine first dose (MCV1) at 9 months and second dose (MCV2) at 16-24 months.

22. SCHEDULE

23. IMMUNIZATION SCHDULE
FOR
INFANTS
Vaccines When to give Dose Routes Sites
BCG At birth or as early as
possible till 1 years of age
0.1 ml
(0.05mluntil 1
month of age )
ID Left upper arm
Hepatitis B
birth dose
At birth or as early as
possible within 24 hours
0.5 ml IM Antero-lateral
side of mid
thigh
OPV-0 At birth or as early as
possible within the first 15
days
2 drops Oral Oral
OPV-1,2,3 At 6,10,14 wks (OPV can
be given till 5 years )
2 drops Oral Oral

24. Vaccines When to give Dose Route
s
Sites
Human
papilloma
vaccines (HPV)
1,2,3
At 6,10,14 wks (can be given till
1 years of age )
0.5ml IM Antero-lateral
side of mid thigh
Pneumococcal
conjugate
vaccine (PCV)
2 Primary dose at 6 and 14 wks
followed by booster dose at 9-
12 months
0.5 ml IM Antero-lateral
side of mid thigh
Rota virus
vaccine (RVV)
At 6,10,14 wks (can be given till
1 year of age )
Rotavac -5
drop Rotasil
liquid 2ml
Oral Oral

25. Vaccines When to give Dose Routes Sites
Inactivated polio
vaccine (IPV)
2 Fractional dose at 6 and 14 wks of
age
0.1 ml ID Right upper arm
Measles , Rubella
(MR)
9 Completed month -12 months
(Measles can be given till 5 years of
age )
0.5 ml SC Right upper arm
Japanese
encephalitis (JE) -1
9 Completed months -12 months 0.5 ml SC –Live
attenuated
vaccine
IM – Killed
vaccine
Left upper arm
(Live attenuated
vaccine )
Antero-lateral side
of mid thigh (Killed
vaccine )
Vitamin A (1ST)
Dose
At 9 completed months with measles
and rubella
1ml Oral Oral

26. Vaccines When to give Dose Routes Sites
FOR
CHILDREN
Diphtheria
,Tetanus
,Pertussis
booster -1
16-24 months 0.5ml IM Antero-lateral
side of mid thigh
Measles ,Rubella
2nd dose
16-24 months 0.5 ml SC Right upper arm

27. Vaccines When to give Dose Routes Sites
Japanese
encephalitis -2
16-24 months 0.5 ml SC (Live
attenuated )
IM (Killed )
Left upper arm (Live
attenuated )
Antero –lateral aspects
of mid thigh (Killed
vaccine )
VITAMIN – A
2nd -9th dose
16-18 months ,
then
subsequently 1st
dose every 6
months (Up to
age of 5 years )
2ml (2
Lakh
IU)
Oral Oral

28. Vaccines When to
give
Dose Routes Sites
Diptheria,Tetanus ,Pertussis
booster- 2
5-6 years 0.5 ml IM Upper arm
Tetanus ,Diphtheria (TD) 10 and 16
Years
0.5 ml IM Upper arm

29. FOR PREGNANT
WOMEN
Vaccines When to give Dose Routes Sites
Tetanus ,Diptheria-1 Early in pregnancy 0.5ml IM Upper arm
Tetanus ,Diphtheria -2 4 wks after Td -1 0.5 ml IM Upper arm
Tetanus ,Diphtheria - booster If received 2 Td dose in a
pregnancy within the last 3
years
0.5 ml IM Upper arm

30. COMPLICATIONS
1. Pain ,Swelling ,Redness.
2. Mild fever.
3. Chills .
4. Feeling tired.
5. Headache .

31. ERADICATED DISEASES
1. Small pox was declared eradicated in (1980)
2. Yawn (1996 -97)
3. Wild polio 13 january( 2011)
4. Guinea worm disease( 2004)

32. MISSION INDRADHANUSH

33. INTRODUCTION
• The MoHFW, GoI, launched Mission Indradhanush in December 2014 as a
special drive to vaccinate all unvaccinated and partially vaccinated children
under UIP.
• FOCUS- interventions to improve full immunization coverage for children in
India from 65% in 2014 to at least 90% earlier than 2020, this will be done
through special catch‐up drives.

34. COVERAGE AREA
• the government has identified 216 high focus districts across the country.
The states of Uttar Pradesh (55 high focus districts) and Bihar (19 high focus
districts) account for 38% and 10%, respectively, of the total missed
children.The states of Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and
Assam, with a total of 61 high focus districts, account for 30% of the total
missed children

35. OBJECTIVES
• The main objective of Mission Indradhanush is to ensure high coverage of
children and pregnant women with all available vaccines throughout the
country, with emphasis on the identified 216 high focus districts during
phase III.

36. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
With the launch of Mission Indradhanush, the government aims at:
• Generating a high demand for immunization services by addressing
communication challenges
• Enhancing political, administrative and financial commitment through
advocacy with key stakeholders; and
• Ensuring that the unvaccinated and partially vaccinated children are fully
immunized as per the national immunization schedule

37. Areas under focus for Mission
Indradhanush Phase III
• Areas with vacant sub centres – no auxiliary nurse midwife (ANM) posted for more
than 3 months.
• Villages/areas with three or more consecutive missed routine immunization sessions
– ANMs on long leave or other similar reasons.
• High‐risk areas (HRAs) identified by the polio eradication programme that are not
having independent routine immunization sessions and clubbed with some other
routine immunization sessions.
• Areas with low routine immunization coverage identified through measles
• outbreaks, cases of diphtheria and neonatal tetanus in the last 2 years.

38. Steps for roll‐out of Mission Indradhanush

40. State Task Force for Immunization (STFI)
• Chairperson: Principal Secretary, Health
• Co‐chair: Mission Director, National Health Mission (MD NHM)
• Member Secretary: State Immunization Officer (SIO)
• Responsibility: Director, Family Welfare; SIO
• Timeline: First meeting within 2 days after receiving official communication from the
national level. Conduct meetings following completion of each round to review coverage
data, monitoring feedback and any other issues, and to plan for the next round.
• Frequency: At least one meeting before each Mission Indradhanush round
• Review mechanism: MoHFW will review the activity

41. District Task Force for Immunization
(DTFI)
• Chairperson: District Magistrate
• Member Secretary: DIO
• Responsibility: DIO
• Timeline: Within 3‐5 days of state workshop/ communication from the state level.
• Frequency: At least one DTFI meeting should be organized prior to each round of
Mission Indradhanush, and more frequently if required, to review progress in
planning and implementation.
• Review mechanism: STFI

42. BLOCK LEVEL ACTIVITIES FOR
MISSION INDRADHANUSH
• Responsibility: Block MO IC
• Technical support: Training will be conducted by two MOs trained at district level with
support from key development partners such as WHO India NPSP, UNICEF and others.
• Financial support: These training sessions will be supported through NHM funds as per
guidelines.
• Timeline: To be completed within 2–3 days of district workshop
• Participants: Health workers (ANMs, LHVs, health supervisors) and social mobilizers
(ASHAs, AWWs and link workers)
• Review mechanism: DTFI

47. RECORDING
AND
REPORTING

49. • Hon’ble Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, has reviewed Mission Indradhanush
under ‘PRAGATI’ – the ICT‐based, multi‐modal platform for Pro‐Active Governance
and Timely Implementation” with Chief Secretaries on 17 February 2016. During the
session, he emphasized the need for an organized and aggressive action plan to cover all
children for immunization in a specific time‐frame.

50. PULSE POLIO IMMUNIZATION
• National Immunization Days (NIDs) commonly known as Pulse Polio
Immunization programme was launched in India in 1995, and is conducted
twice in early part of each year.
• Additionally, multiple rounds (at least two) of sub - National Immunization
Days(SNIDs) have been conducted over the years in high risk states/areas. o
In these campaigns, children in the age group of 0-5 years are administered
polio drops. Over 170 million children are immunized during each NID and
77 million in SNID

51. • In 2005, India was the first country to use monovalent vaccine (type 1)
globally, after country level research.
• WHO, on 24th February 2012, removed India from the list of “endemic
countries with active polio virus transmission”
• On 27th March 2014, the Regional Certification Commission of World
Health Organizationcertified South-East Asia Region of WHO, which
includes India, as polio free.

53. COMBATING COVID-19
• On 16th January, 2021, Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched India‟s
vaccination programme, which is the largest COVID-19 vaccination drive in
the world
• HAR GHAR DASTAK
• The COVID-19 vaccination campaign „Har Ghar Dastak‟, launched on 3 November
2021, aims at awareness, mobilization and vaccination of all eligible beneficiaries with 1
st dose and all due beneficiaries with 2nd dose of COVID-19 vaccines through House-
to-House visits in all States/UTs.

54. CONCLUSION
I hope you all are understand about this topic .

56. ANY QUERIES