This document discusses acute respiratory infections (ARI), including their causes, transmission, clinical assessment, classification, treatment, and prevention. It describes the different bacterial and viral agents that can cause ARIs. Clinical assessment involves examining symptoms, breathing rate, chest indrawing, wheezing, and malnutrition. ARIs are classified based on severity and treated with antibiotics or symptomatic care. Prevention focuses on improved living conditions, nutrition, immunization including measles vaccine, Hib vaccine, and pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine.
On 19 November 1985, GOI renamed EPI program, modifying the schedule as ‘Universal Immunization Program’ dedicated to the memory of Late Prime Minister Mrs Indira Gandhi.
UIP has two vital components: immunization of pregnant women against tetanus, and immunization of children
On 19 November 1985, GOI renamed EPI program, modifying the schedule as ‘Universal Immunization Program’ dedicated to the memory of Late Prime Minister Mrs Indira Gandhi.
UIP has two vital components: immunization of pregnant women against tetanus, and immunization of children
Brief and easily understandable description on measles along with images for undergraduate students. this presentation would help in picturising what measles is.
Immunization is one of the best public health intervention to prevent morbidity as well as mortality. it also help in prevention of malnutrition in young children.still developing countries are trying hard to make it universal. in india lot of changes have taken place in the immunization schedule and number of newer vaccines have been incorporated. still the awareness as well as acceptability is not universal . this presentation is very basic and will help students as well as teachers. we all have to join hands to make it universal
India is the highest TB burden country in the world & accounts for nearly 1/5th (20 per cent) of global burden of tuberculosis, 2/3rd of cases in SEAR. Every year approximately 1.8 million persons develop tuberculosis, of which about 0.8 million are new smear positive highly'- infectious cases.Annual risk of becoming infected with TB is 1.5 % and once infected there is 10 % life-time risk of developing TB disease
Universal Immunization Programme (UIP), started in India in 1985.
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare provides several vaccines to infants, children & pregnant women through UIP.
Immunization is a process through which a person is made immune to an infectious disease.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By damaging your immune system, HIV interferes with your body's ability to fight infection and disease.
The National AIDS Control Programme (NACP), launched in 1992, is being implemented as a comprehensive programme for prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in India. Over time, the focus has shifted from raising awareness to behavior change, from a national response to a more decentralized response and to increasing involvement of NGOs and networks of PLHIV.
Acute Respiratory Infection is an important topic that one must know about in the health care field. This is just a short presentation of a very vast topic.
Brief and easily understandable description on measles along with images for undergraduate students. this presentation would help in picturising what measles is.
Immunization is one of the best public health intervention to prevent morbidity as well as mortality. it also help in prevention of malnutrition in young children.still developing countries are trying hard to make it universal. in india lot of changes have taken place in the immunization schedule and number of newer vaccines have been incorporated. still the awareness as well as acceptability is not universal . this presentation is very basic and will help students as well as teachers. we all have to join hands to make it universal
India is the highest TB burden country in the world & accounts for nearly 1/5th (20 per cent) of global burden of tuberculosis, 2/3rd of cases in SEAR. Every year approximately 1.8 million persons develop tuberculosis, of which about 0.8 million are new smear positive highly'- infectious cases.Annual risk of becoming infected with TB is 1.5 % and once infected there is 10 % life-time risk of developing TB disease
Universal Immunization Programme (UIP), started in India in 1985.
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare provides several vaccines to infants, children & pregnant women through UIP.
Immunization is a process through which a person is made immune to an infectious disease.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). By damaging your immune system, HIV interferes with your body's ability to fight infection and disease.
The National AIDS Control Programme (NACP), launched in 1992, is being implemented as a comprehensive programme for prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in India. Over time, the focus has shifted from raising awareness to behavior change, from a national response to a more decentralized response and to increasing involvement of NGOs and networks of PLHIV.
Acute Respiratory Infection is an important topic that one must know about in the health care field. This is just a short presentation of a very vast topic.
Acute respiratory infection in children, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment. Common infections in children including common cold, tonsillitis, LTB, Croup, Epiglottitis etc.
Dear Doctor,
Its humbling that you liked the presentation and would like to use it for your purpose. Kindly find your requested presentation attached with this email.
The shortlink for your future reference is http://go.drankush.com/PolioFinal
We would always appreciate if you would place this reference as a due credit in your work and while sharing for others use.
Ankush, Amroskar S, Bhamaikar V, Barreto J. "Polio Final Presentation" Accessed from http://go.drankush.com/PolioFinal
-----------------------------------------------------
As we near eradication of this dreaded disease - "POLIO", we would like to share the following presentation we made for our Pediatrics seminar in 2012.
Best attempts have been made to cover most of the topic, keeping the size under 100 slides.
Hope you like it.
Ankush
Shahin Amroskar
Varsha Bhamaikar
Joyce Barreto
This power-point includes content on brief introduction and classification & management of pneumonia based on Integrated Management of Neonatal & Childhood Illness (IMNCI).
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
2. Learning Objectives
• Introduction
• Epidemiological determinants
• Mode of Transmission
• Clinical Assessment
• Classification of Illness
• Treatment
• Prevention of Acute respiratory infections
3. INTRODUCTION
• It causes inflammation of the respiratory tract anywhere
from nose to alveoli with combination of signs and
symptoms
It is classified depending upon the site:
• Acute Upper Respiratory Infections (AURI)
• Acute Lower Respiratory Infections (ALRI)
4. Introduction…
• AURI includes common
cold, pharyngitis and otitis
media
• ALRI includes epiglottitis,
laryngitis,
laryngotracheitis,
bronchitis, bronchiolitis
and pneumonia.
8. Epidemiological Determinants
AGENT FACTORS:
The microbial agents that cause ARI are numerous and
include bacteria and viruses
• Even within species they show wide diversity of antigenic
type
• Severity of illness is determined by whether secondary
bacterial infection occurs or not
9. Bacterial agents
Agent Age groups frequently
affected
Characteristic clinical
features
Bordetella pertusis Infant, young children Paroxysmal cough
Corynebacterium
diphtheriae
children Nasal/tonsillar/pharyngeal
membraneous exudate,
severe toxemia
Streptococcus pneumoniae All ages specifically under
5 children
Lobar and multilobular
pneumonia, acute
exacerbations of chronic
bronchitis
Streptococcus pyogenes All ages Acute pharyngitis and
tonsillitis
Staphylococcus pyogenes All ages Lobar and
bronchopneumonia, lung
abscess
Haemophilus inflenzae children Acute epiglottitis (type B)
Klebsiella pneumoniae Adults Lobar pneumonia , lung
abscess
Legionella pneumoniae Adults Pneumonia
10. Viral agents
Agent Age group frequently
affected
Characteristic clinical
features
Adenovirus endemic
types(1,2,5)
Young children LRTI
Epidemic types(3,4,7) Older children , young
adults
Pharyngitis , flu like
illness
Influenza A, B,C All ages, school children Variable respiratory
symptoms, occasional
primary pneumonia
Parainfluenza 1,2,3 Young children and
infants
Croup
Respiratory syncytial
virus
Infants, young children Severe bronchilitis and
pneumonia
Rhinovirus All ages Common cold
Corona virus All ages Common cold
Measles Young children Variable respiratory with
rash
11.
12. Host factors
• Case fatality rates are higher in young infants and
malnourished children
• In developing countries like India, malnutrition and low
birth weight is often a major problem, the rates are
highest in those children
• The rates of pharyngitis and otitis media increase from
infancy to peak at the age of 5 years
14. Mode of transmission
• Air borne route
• Chain of transmission is maintained by direct person-
person contact
15. Clinical assessment
• History to be elicited:
• Age of the child
• Since how long the child is coughing
• Young infant stopped feeding well (less than 2 months)
• The child is able to drink (2 months to 5 years)
• H/O fever
• Child is excessively drowsy/difficult to wake
• Irregular breathing
• Convulsions
• The child turning blue
16.
17. Physical examination
• Count the breaths in one minute
• Fast breathing depend upon the age of the child
• It should be seen for 1 full minute looking at the
abdominal movement or lower chest when the child is
calm
18. Fast Breathing
Age Fast breathing
Less than 2months 60 breaths /more
2months to 1 year 50 breaths/more
1 to 5 years 40 breaths/more
19. Look for chest indrawing
• The child has chest
indrawing if the lower
chest wall goes in
when the child
breathes in
• It occurs when the
effort required to
breathe in is much
greater than normal
20. Look and listen for stridor
• Stridor makes a harsh noise when the child breaths IN
• It occurs when there is narrowing of the larynx, trachea or
epiglottis which interferes with air entering the lungs
• This condition is called croup
21. Look for wheeze
• Wheezing is soft whistling noise when the child breathes
OUT
• It is caused by narrowing of air passage in lung
• Breathing out phase takes longer than normal and effort
• Elicit H/O previous history of wheezing
• If so, the child is classified as having recurrent wheeze
22. Other Signs
• See if the child is abnormally sleepy or difficult to wake
• Feel for fever or lower body temperature
• Cyanosis is a sign of hypoxia, must be checked in good
light
23. Check for severe malnutrition
• High risk factor
• Case fatality rates are higher in these children
• In a severely malnourished children with pneumonia, fast
breathing and chest indrawing may not be as evident
• Impaired/absent response to hypoxia and a weak/absent
cough reflex
• These children need careful evaluation and
management for pneumonia
24. Classification of illness
Child aged 2 months – 5 years:
• Very severe disease
• Severe pneumonia
• Pneumonia
• No pneumonia
Infants less than 2 months:
• Very severe pneumonia
• Severe pneumonia
• No pneumonia
25. Child aged 2 months to 5 years
Very severe disease:
•Signs : not able to drink, convulsions, abnormally
sleepy or difficult to wake, Stridor in calm child and
Severe malnutrition
•Treatment:
• Refer urgently to hospital
• Give first dose of antibiotic
• Treat fever, if present
• Treat wheezing ,if present
• If cerebral malaria is present, give an antimalarial
26. Severe pneumonia
• Signs : chest indrawing, recurrent wheezing
Treatment:
• Refer urgently to hospital
• Give first dose of antibiotic
• Treat fever, wheezing if present
• If referral is not feasible treat with an antibiotic and follow
closely
27. Pneumonia
• Signs : fast breathing and no chest indrawing
Treatment:
• Advice mother to give home care
• Give an antibiotic
• Treat wheezing / fever if present
• Advice mother to return with child after 2 days for
reassessment/ earlier if the child is getting worst
28. Reassessment
Re-assess the child after 2 days
Worse same improving
Not able to drink Breathing slower,less
Has chest indrawing fever, eating better
danger signs
Refer URGENTLY to change antibiotic / refer finish 5 days of
Hospital antibiotic
29. Infants less than 2 years
Very severe pneumonia:
• Signs : stopped feeding well, convulsions, abnormally
sleepy, stridor, wheezing, fever or hypothermia
Treatment :
• Refer URGENTLY to hospital
• Keep young infant warm
• Give first dose of an antibiotic
30. Severe pneumonia
• Signs : severe chest indrawing or fast breathing (60
breaths per minute or more)
• Treatment :
• Refer URGENTLY to hospital
• Keep young infant warm
• Give first dose of antibiotic
• If referral is not feasible treat with an antibiotic and follow
closely
31. No pneumonia: cough or cold
• Signs : no chest indrawing and no fast breathing
• Treatment :
• Advice mother to give the following home care – keep
young infant warm, breast feed frequently, clear nose if it
interferes with feeding
• Return if any danger signs- breathing becomes
difficult/fast, not feeding, and infant becomes sicker
32.
33. Treatment - Pneumonia
Age/weight Paediatric tablet
Sulfamethoxazole
100 mg,
Trimethoprim 20
mg
Paediatric syrup
5ml –
sulfamethoxazole
200mg, trimethoprim
40 mg
<2 months/3-5 kg 1 tablet twice a day Half spoon (2.5 ml)
twice a day
2- 12 months/6-9 kg 2 tablets twice a day One spoon (5ml) twice
a day
1-5 years/10-19 kg 3 tablets twice a day One and half spoon
(7.5ml) twice a day
34. Treatment of severe pneumonia
Antibiotics Dose Interval Mode
A. First 48 hours
Benzyl penicillin
OR
50000 IU/kg/dose 6 hourly IM
Ampicillin 50mg/kg/dose 6 hourly IM
Chloramphenicol 25mg/kg/dose 6 hourly IM
B. If condition
IMPROVES
Then for the next
48 hours
Procaine penicillin 50,000 IU/kg once IM
Ampicillin 50mg/kg/dose 6 hourly oral
Chloramphenicol 25mg/kg/dose 6 hourly oral
35. Treatment of severe pneumonia…
• If there is no improvement ,then for the next 48 hours
change antibiotic
• Provide symptomatic treatment for fever and wheezing
• Monitor fluid and food intake
• Advice mother on home management on discharge
36. Infants less than 2 months
Antibiotic Dose Frequency in
age <7days
Frequency in
age 7 days to 2
months
Inj.Benzyl
penicillin
50000 IU/kg/dose 12 hourly 6 hourly
Inj.Ampicillin 50mg/kg/dose 12 hourly 8 hourly
Inj.Gentamycin 2.5mg/kg/dose 12 hourly 8 hourly
37. Management of AURI
• DO NOT require treatment with antibiotics
• Causative agents are viruses
• Increase resistant strains and cause side effects
• Symptomatic treatment and care at home
39. Prevention of ARI
• ARI control programme is the part of RCH programme
• Improved living conditions
• Better nutrition
• Reduction of smoke pollution indoors
• Better Maternal Child Health care
• Immunization
• Health promotional activities
41. Pneumococcal Pneumonia vaccine
• PPV23:
• It is a polysaccharide, non conjugate vaccine containing
capsular antigens of 23 serotypes, available for children
above 2 years and adults
• Single IM / subcutaneous dose is given in deltoid muscle
• It should never be mixed with other vaccines in the same
syringe, it can be given at the same time as separate
injection in other arm
42. PCV
• Two conjugate vaccines are available PCV10 and PCV 13
• Storage temperature : 2-8degrees
• It is given in infants as 3 primary doses/2 primary and 1
booster dose
• Initiated as early as 6 weeks with an interval of 4-8 weeks
• Doses at 6,10,14 weeks/2,4,6 months
• One booster dose is given at 9-15 months
43. PCV…
• HIV positive and preterm babies who have received 3
primary doses in 1 year, require booster dose in 2nd year
• When primary immunization is initiated with one of
vaccines, it is recommended that remaining doses are
administered with the same product
• WHO recommends inclusion of PCVs in UIP worldwide,
particularly in countries with high under5 mortalities
