This document provides information about realizing logic gates using universal gates. It describes implementing NOT, AND, OR, NOR, XOR, and XNOR gates using only NAND gates and again only using NOR gates. The apparatus used includes IC 7400, IC 7402, a digital trainer kit, and a breadboard. Truth tables are given for each gate realization.

1. Basics of Digital Systems Lab Dept. of ECE
KL University, Guntur
1. Realization of gates using Universal gates
Aim: To realize all logic gates using NAND and NOR gates.
Apparatus:
Circuit Diagram:
I. Implementation using NAND gate:
(a) NOT gate:
(b) AND gate:
(c) OR gate:
(d) NOR gate:
S. No Description of Item Quantity
1. IC 7400 01
2. IC 7402 01
3. Digital Trainer Kit 01
4. Bread Board 01
A Y
0 1
1 0
A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0

2. Basics of Digital Systems Lab Dept. of ECE
KL University, Guntur
(e) Ex-OR gate:
II. Implementation using NOR gate:
(a) NOT gate:
(b) AND gate:
(c) OR gate:
(d) NAND gate:
(e) Ex-NOR gate:
A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
A Y
0 1
1 0
A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
A B Y