This document discusses rocks and landscapes. It describes the different layers of the Earth including the geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. The geosphere is divided into the crust, mantle, and core. The crust includes the continental crust under land and oceanic crust under the oceans. Rocks form the solid part of the Earth and can be igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic. Igneous rocks such as granite form inside the Earth, sedimentary rocks like clay form from pieces of other rocks, and metamorphic rocks like marble form from heat or pressure changing original rocks. Rocks have various uses including providing energy through petroleum and building materials like marble and slate.

1. Rocks and landscapes
Unit 1. Social Science. 4th Primary

2. Rocks and landscapes
•
• The Earth´s crust and rocks
• x
The Earth´s layers.
The Earth´s crust.
The Earth´s crust changes.
•
• Rocks and minerals
• x
What are rocks?
Use of rocks
Minerals and their properties.
•
• The relief of Spain
• x
The Inner Plateau
Mountain ranges
River basins.
Coasts

3. THE EARTH’S LAYERS
HYDROSPHEREATMOSPHERE GEOSPHERE
AIR WATER SOLID PART: ROCKS
See video: The Earth and its layers

4. GEOSPHERE
Is divided into crust, mantle
and core

5. GEOSPHERE
Crust:
Solid and thinest
layer
Continental
Crust
Under the land
Oceanic Crust
Under the
ocean
Weathering: the
process of changes
in the relief through
contact with
temperature, rain,
wind…

7. Weathering. A rock breaks down
because a tree grows in cracks in
rocks

8. HOMEWORK
1. What are the different layers of
the Earth?
2. What are the three main parts of
the geosphere?
3. What's the difference between
the continental and oceanic crust?
4. Which layer of the Earth contains

9. Rocks form the solid part of the Earth. They are found everywhere in
nature.
Rocks can be:
ROCKS AND MINERALS

10. IGNEOUS ROCKS
Granite.
Formed inside
the Earth
Basalt.
Made up of lava
from volcanoes.

11. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
Clay
Formed from pieces
of other rocks
Coal and Petroleum
Made up of the remains
of living things.

12. METAMORPHIC ROCKS
are formed when heat or pressure changes
the original rock
Marble
Formed from limestone
Slate
Formed from clay

13. Rocks are used for many different things:
Obtaining energy: Petroleum is in a liquid rock. It provides petrol for cars.
PETROLEUM PETROL
Making construction materials: Marble, granite and slate are also used in construction.

14. Industrial uses
Factories make plastics, paints and fertilizers from petroleum.

15. MINERALS AND THEIR
PROPERTIES
A rock is made up of different minerals
(grains).
Properties of minerals are:
hardness, colour, lustre and shape.

16. HARDNESS
Hard
Difficult to scratch
Diamond
Soft
Easy to scratch
Talc

17. Some minerals are alway the same color and
others can have different colour
COLOUR
QUARTZ can be white or pink SULPHUR is always the same
colour

18. LUSTRE
The way an object reflects light:
Shiny, very shiny, dull
GOLD are very shiny KAOLINITE are dull

19. SHAPE
Regular shape Irregular shape
Aragonite Malachite

20. 1. Match
1. IGNEOUS ROCKS
2. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
3. METAMORPHIC ROCKS
C. Form inside the
Earth. Some are
made up of lava.
B. Form from pieces of
other rocks
A. Form when heat or
pressure changes the
original rock.

21. 1. What type of rocks are they? IGNEOUS, SEDIMENTARY OR
METAMORPHIC rocks.
1._____________
5._____________4._____________
3._____________2._____________
6._____________

22. 1. Match the different types of rocks with their examples
1. IGNEOUS
2. SEDIMENTARY
3. METAMORPHICS
a. Marble
b. Coal
c. Basalt
d. clay
e. slate
f. Petroleum

23. 1. Match the different types of rocks with their examples
1. IGNEOUS
2. SEDIMENTARY
3. METAMORPHICS
a. Marble
b. Coal
c. Basalt
d. clay
e. slate
f. Petroleum
What rock is missing? g.____________

24. LET’S DISCOVER SOME MINERALS.
UNSCRAMBLE.
DOGL. This is a shiny mineral. It is yellow. ____________
DDMNOAI This is the hardest mineral. It is transparent…_____________
AUTRQZ
This mineral can have different colours. It can be
white or pink. __________

25. DESCRIBE THE FOLLOWING MINERALS
Remember: Hardness, color, lustre and shape
IT IS A MINERAL…