Rocks are composed of different minerals and there are three main types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from solidified magma or lava. Sedimentary rocks form through the compaction and cementation of sediments and may include sandstone, shale, and limestone. Metamorphic rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks that were changed by heat and pressure in the Earth's crust, such as limestone metamorphosing into marble or shale into slate.

1. Rocks!Rocks!

2. The Earth’s CrustThe Earth’s Crust

3. RocksRocks
 All the rocks you see around you areAll the rocks you see around you are
made up of different mineralsmade up of different minerals
 Imagine a rock is a chocolate chip cookie,Imagine a rock is a chocolate chip cookie,
what does the cookie contain?what does the cookie contain?
 Flour, butter, sugar, chocolate chipsFlour, butter, sugar, chocolate chips
 A rock contains different ingredients, theyA rock contains different ingredients, they
are called minerals. There are about 3000are called minerals. There are about 3000
minerals in the world.minerals in the world.

4. 3 Types of Rocks3 Types of Rocks
 There are 3 main types of rocksThere are 3 main types of rocks
 IgneousIgneous
 SedimentarySedimentary
 MetamorphicMetamorphic

5. Igneous RocksIgneous Rocks
 Igneous means made from fire or heat.Igneous means made from fire or heat.
 When volcanoes erupt and the liquid rockWhen volcanoes erupt and the liquid rock
comes up to the earth's surface, then newcomes up to the earth's surface, then new
igneous rock is made.igneous rock is made.
 When the rock is liquid & inside theWhen the rock is liquid & inside the
earth, it is called magma.earth, it is called magma.
 When the magma gets hard inside theWhen the magma gets hard inside the
crust, it turns into granite.crust, it turns into granite.
 Most mountains are made of granite. ItMost mountains are made of granite. It
cools very slowly and is very hardcools very slowly and is very hard..

7. Granite
Diorite

8. Sedimentary RocksSedimentary Rocks
 Mountains are made of rockMountains are made of rock
 Weather can make the mountain rockWeather can make the mountain rock
crumblecrumble
 These little bits of rock fall into rivers andThese little bits of rock fall into rivers and
streams and rest on the riverbedstreams and rest on the riverbed

9. Sedimentary RocksSedimentary Rocks

10. Sandstone
Shale

11. Sedimentary RocksSedimentary Rocks
 Limestone is a type ofLimestone is a type of
sedimentary rocksedimentary rock
 The EgyptianThe Egyptian
pyramids were madepyramids were made
using limestone.using limestone.

12. Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic Rocks
 Metamorphic rocks are ones that haveMetamorphic rocks are ones that have
changed.changed.
 ‘‘Meta’ and ‘morph’ both mean change inMeta’ and ‘morph’ both mean change in
GreekGreek
 All metamorphic rocks would once haveAll metamorphic rocks would once have
been igneous or sedimentary.been igneous or sedimentary.
 What do you think made them change?What do you think made them change?

13. Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic Rocks

14. Metamorphic RocksMetamorphic Rocks
 Squeeze your hands together as tightly asSqueeze your hands together as tightly as
you can.you can.
 What do you notice?What do you notice?
 Your hands will start to get warm and youYour hands will start to get warm and you
will feel pressure. This is a bit like thewill feel pressure. This is a bit like the
Earth’s crust pressing its rocks. The heatEarth’s crust pressing its rocks. The heat
and pressure changes them into aand pressure changes them into a
different type of rock.different type of rock.

15. Limestone metamorphoses
into marble

16. Slate is another metamorphic rock, formed from shale. It is used to roof
houses because it forms in thin layers.

17. Rocks and their usesRocks and their uses
 Rocks are very useful, can you think whatRocks are very useful, can you think what
they are used for?they are used for?
 Fireplaces, roofs, worktops, tables, walls,Fireplaces, roofs, worktops, tables, walls,
sharpening knives, headstones,sharpening knives, headstones,
ornaments, pathways, jewellery, drawing,ornaments, pathways, jewellery, drawing,
scrubbing feet!scrubbing feet!
 What are the properties of rocks?What are the properties of rocks?
 Do they all have the same properties?Do they all have the same properties?

18. Beautiful Rocks!Beautiful Rocks!
 People like to wear rocks as jewellery andPeople like to wear rocks as jewellery and
decorate their homes with rocks.decorate their homes with rocks.
 Can you think of examples of these rocks?Can you think of examples of these rocks?

20. Semi-precious stonesSemi-precious stones

21. Other words for RocksOther words for Rocks
 We sometimes call rocks pebbles, boulders,We sometimes call rocks pebbles, boulders,
stones, crystals or gemstones.stones, crystals or gemstones.
 A boulder is a large rockA boulder is a large rock
 A pebble is a small rock that has been roundedA pebble is a small rock that has been rounded
by wind or water.by wind or water.
 Stones are larger than pebbles.Stones are larger than pebbles.
 Crystals and gemstones are rocks made of justCrystals and gemstones are rocks made of just
one mineral. E.g a diamond is made of carbon.one mineral. E.g a diamond is made of carbon.