Modern Periodic Law,Classification of Elements, Periodicity in Atomic Properties,Atomic Radius, Ionisation potential or Ionisation Energy,Electron Affinity
Modern Periodic Law,Classification of Elements, Periodicity in Atomic Properties,Atomic Radius, Ionisation potential or Ionisation Energy,Electron Affinity
Periodic Classification of Elements and PeriodicityNEHANEHA67
PPT will cover all the history of periodic table and periodic properties of elements and their trends as well as Oxides, Halides, Hydrides and Position of Hydrogen
Classification of al elements & their periodicty and different trends in their properties, also an overview over the development of periodic table during 18 and 19 centuries
CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIESsarunkumar31
periodic table, modern periodic law, nomenclature of elements greater than 100,electronic configuration and types of elements,periodic trends in properties of elements.ionization enthalpy, effective nuclear charge, electronegativity, s, p d and f block elements, covalent radius, ionic radius, predicition of group, period and block, electron gain enthalpy, periodic trends and chemical reactivity
A nearly-comprehensive list of vocabulary terms needed for introductory chemistry in grade 9 science, including a variety of source websites for reference.
Computationally Efficient NMRF model based Texture SynthesisArnab Sinha
"Texture" provides the perceptual information about the surface, nature etc. about the visual objects. Study in texture learning and synthesis with a mathematical model will hopefully provide us the mathematical nature of visual perceptiveness.
On the other hand, Markov Random Field, nonparametric density estimation and their applications in the real world problems, are becoming popular in both research and industrial fields. The reason for this popularity is because of the mathematical models have more robustness, flexibility and simplicity.
The research problems (given this background) are order estimation and large computational complexity. In my PhD thesis I have tried to solve these issues for the application in homogeneous texture synthesis.
Periodic Classification of Elements and PeriodicityNEHANEHA67
PPT will cover all the history of periodic table and periodic properties of elements and their trends as well as Oxides, Halides, Hydrides and Position of Hydrogen
Classification of al elements & their periodicty and different trends in their properties, also an overview over the development of periodic table during 18 and 19 centuries
CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIESsarunkumar31
periodic table, modern periodic law, nomenclature of elements greater than 100,electronic configuration and types of elements,periodic trends in properties of elements.ionization enthalpy, effective nuclear charge, electronegativity, s, p d and f block elements, covalent radius, ionic radius, predicition of group, period and block, electron gain enthalpy, periodic trends and chemical reactivity
A nearly-comprehensive list of vocabulary terms needed for introductory chemistry in grade 9 science, including a variety of source websites for reference.
Computationally Efficient NMRF model based Texture SynthesisArnab Sinha
"Texture" provides the perceptual information about the surface, nature etc. about the visual objects. Study in texture learning and synthesis with a mathematical model will hopefully provide us the mathematical nature of visual perceptiveness.
On the other hand, Markov Random Field, nonparametric density estimation and their applications in the real world problems, are becoming popular in both research and industrial fields. The reason for this popularity is because of the mathematical models have more robustness, flexibility and simplicity.
The research problems (given this background) are order estimation and large computational complexity. In my PhD thesis I have tried to solve these issues for the application in homogeneous texture synthesis.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
2. Periodic Vocabulary
Atomic Radius Metal
Electronegativity Metalloid
Family Noble Gas
Group Nonmetal
Ionic Radius Periodic Law
Ionization Energy Period
3. Classifying Elements
Dmitri Mendeleev – observed that when
the elements were arranged in order of
increasing atomic mass, similar chemical
and physical properties appeared at
regular or periodic intervals.
This was later determined to not exactly
be the case….
Modern Periodic Law – The properties of
elements are periodic functions of their atomic
numbers.
◦ If the elements are arranged increasing atomic
number (not atomic mass) properties are repeated
periodically.
For the majority of the table it is also appears as if it is
organized by increasing atomic mass, there are however some
4. Classifying Elements
Dmitri Mendeleev – observed that when
the elements were arranged in order of
increasing atomic mass, similar chemical
and physical properties appeared at
regular or periodic intervals.
This was later determined to not exactly
be the case….
Modern Periodic Law – The properties of
elements are periodic functions of their atomic
numbers.
◦ If the elements are arranged increasing atomic number
(not atomic mass) properties are repeated periodically.
For the majority of the table it is also appears as if it is organized
by increasing atomic mass, there are however some exceptions.
Can you spot them?
Ar and K; Co and Ni; Te and I; Th and Pa, U and Np; Pu and Am; Lr and
Rf; Sg and Bh, Hs and Mi
5. Basic Periodic Table Info
Atomic
Mass Common oxidation
states (ions)
Chemical
Symbol
Atomic Number
Electron
configuration
6. Chemical Symbols
Each symbol has one, two, or three letters.
◦ First letter is always capitalized.
◦ Other letters (if present) are lowercase.
C Au Uuu
7. Chemical Symbols
Each symbol has one, two, or three letters.
◦ First letter is always capitalized.
◦ Other letters (if present) are lowercase.
C Au Uuu
Rg
11. General Characteristics of Element on the Periodic
Table
A. Metals: (Fr = most metallic element)
1. All (except Hg) are solid at room temperature.
2. Have luster. (are shiny)
3. Are Malleable (can be pounded into shape)
4. Are ductile (can be drawn into wires)
5. Are excellent conductors of heat and electricity.
Due to mobile electrons.
6. Have low ionization energy.
Tend to lose electrons
7. Have low electro-negativity. and become postive (+)
ions.
12. General Characteristics of Element on the Periodic
Table
B. Nonmetals: (F = most nonmetallic)
1. Can be gases, liquids, or solids.
Most nonmetals are gases or solids (molecular or
network) at room temperature.
Bromine is a liquid at room temperature.
2. Lack luster. (are dull)
3. Are brittle. (crumble easily)
4. Are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
5. Have high ionization energy. Tend to gain electrons
6. Have high electro-negativity. and become negative (-)
ions.
13. General Characteristics of Element on the Periodic
Table
C. Metalloids: (semi-metals)
1. Properties are a combination of metallic and
nonmetallic substances.
Located along the “staircase”
B, Si, As, Sb, Te, Po
14. Elements in Nature
Some elements can exist as a single atom
in nature, some cannot…
◦ Monotomic Elements: Most elements exist as
single atom particles in nature.
Na, Si, Te, W
◦ Diatomic Elements: Some elements cannot
exist as a single atom, instead they exist as a
two atom particle in nature.
HOFBrINCl’s
H2, O2, F2, Br2, I2, N2, Cl2
15. Elements in Nature
◦ Allotropes: Some elements exist as two or
more forms in the same phase. These forms
differ in molecular or crystal structure, and hence
in their chemical and physical properties.
Allotropes of Oxygen
◦ Oxygen (O2) and Ozone (O3)
16. Elements in Nature
Allotropes of Carbon…
Coal/Graphite Diamon Buckminsterfulleren
d e
Allotropes of Oxygen
◦ Oxygen (O2) and Ozone (O3)
17. Groups (Families)
Vertical columns of elements.
◦ Have similar characteristics due to having
the same number of valence electrons.
Example;
H
Li B F
Na Group 1 Al Group 13 Cl Group 17
K All have one Ga All have three Br All have seven
Rb valence In valence I valence
Cs electron. Ti electrons. At electrons.
Fr
18. Periods (rows)
Horizontal rows of elements.
◦ Elements within a period have the same
number of occupied principal energy
levels.
They differ however, in their chemical
properties.
Period 1: H, He use the 1st Principal Energy or… 1s
Level Example;
Period 2: Li, Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne use the 2nd Principal Energy
Level or…
1s2s2p
Period 3: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, Ar use the 3rd Principal
Energy Level
or…
19. Trends in Properties
Atomic Radius: (Table S)
◦ Covalent atomic radius: ½ the distance
between the nuclei of two atoms of the
same element joined in the solid phase by
a covalent bond.
Within a period, atomic radius decreases.
Within a family (group), atomic radius
increases.
20. Group Group Group Group Group
1 Li 2 B 3 C 4 O 5 Ne
e
Period
2
Period
Mg
3
Period
Ca
4
21. Trends in Properties
Ionic Radius: (No Table/ Estimate using table
S)
◦ An atom that has gained or lost electrons,
will change in atomic size.
Metals tend to lose electrons, thus the outer
shell is lost/pulled closer and the ionic radius
will be smaller than the covalent radius.
Nonmetals tend to gain electrons, thus the
outer shell is stretched larger as the additional
electrons start to repel each other and the ionic
radius will be larger than the covalent atomic
radius.
22. Practice Question
Which of the following has the greater
ionization energy, Na or Na+?
Explain your answer.
23. Practice Question
Which of the following has the greater
ionization energy, Na or Na+?
Explain your answer.
Na+ has higher ionization energy as it
has 11 protons holding 10 electrons
while Na has 11 protons holding 11
electrons.
24. Summary
Within a Period, as atomic number
increases.
1. Covalent atomic radius _______________
2. Ionization Energy _______________
3. Electronegativity _______________
4. Metallic Character _______________
Within a group, as atomic number
increases.
1. Covalent atomic radius _______________
2. Ionization Energy _______________
3. Electronegativity _______________
4. Metallic Character _______________
25. Summary
Within a Period, as atomic number
increases.
1. Covalent atomic radius decreases
Table S
2. Ionization Energy increases
3. Electronegativity increases Periodic Table
4. Metallic Character decreases
Within a group, as atomic number
increases. Table S
1. Covalent atomic radius increases
2. Ionization Energy decreases Periodic Table
3. Electronegativity decreases
4. Metallic Character increases
26. Do Now
Mendeleev arranged the periodic table in
orders of increasing atomic masses.
Locate iodine and tellurium on the table and
note that they are not arranged by
increasing atomic mass, and yet Mendeleev
placed iodine in Group 17 and tellurium in
Group 16. What is the likely reason that he
chose not to arrange these two elements by
atomic mass as he did for the majority of his
original table?
27. Do Now
Mendeleev arranged the periodic table in
orders of increasing atomic masses.
Locate iodine and tellurium on the table and
note that they are not arranged by
increasing atomic mass, and yet Mendeleev
placed iodine in Group 17 and tellurium in
Group 16. What is the likely reason that he
chose not to arrange these two elements by
atomic mass as he did for the majority of his
original table?
He placed the tellurium and iodine into the
columns of elements with similar
characteristics.
29. Chemistry of Groups
Group 1
◦ Alkali Metals
Have one valence electron. Form +1 ions.
(complete octet)
Highly reactive.
Reactivity increases as one proceeds from top to
bottom of the table (increasing atomic number).
Typically form very stable compounds.
Group 2
◦ Alkali Earth Metals
Have two valence electrons. Form +2 ions.
(complete octet)
Highly reactive.
Reactivity increases as on proceeds from top to
bottom of the table (increasing atomic number).
Group 1 and Group 2 element are generally found as compounds in
Typically only very stable compounds.
nature, and usuallyformseparated into elemental form by a process
31. Chemistry of Groups
Group 13,14,15,16
◦ “Staircase”
Have 3,4, 5, and 6 valence electrons
respectively.
Group 13 forms +3 ions. (Complete octet)
Groups 14, 15, and 16 tend to gain e- and form -4, -3,
and -2 ions repectively. (Complete octet)
Properties change from nonmetals (C/N) to
metalloids (Si/As) to metals (Pb/Bi) with
increasing atomic number.
Metals Metalloids Nonmetals
13 14 15 16 13 14 15 16 13 14 15 16
B C N O B C N O B C N O
Al Si P S Al Si P S Al Si P S
Ga Ge As Se Ga Ge As Se Ga Ge As Se
In Sn Sb In Sn Sb In Sn Sb
Te Te Te
33. Chemistry of Groups
Group 17
◦ Halogens
Have 7 valence electrons.
Form -1 ions. (complete octet)
Highly reactive nonmetals.
Reactivity decreases with increasing atomic #.
Halogen States of Matter (Room Temperature)
F and Cl = gases
Br = liquid
I = solid
At = No known stable isotopes. This means that all of its
isotopes are radioactive.
*** All elements with an atomic number above 83 have
no known stable isotopes.***
34. Practice Question
Why does chemical reactivity increase from
top to bottom of Group 1, while it decreases
from top to bottom of Group 17?
35. Practice Question
Why does chemical reactivity increase from top
to bottom of Group 1, while it decreases from
top to bottom of Group 17?
Group 1 contains metal which lose electrons
and have large atomic radii in order to have low
ionization energy and low electronegativity.
Atomic radius increases as you move from top
to bottom of a group.
Group 17 contains nonmetals which gain
electrons so smaller atomic radii is required for
high ionization energy and high
electronegativity.
37. Chemistry of Groups
Group 18
◦ Noble (Inert) Gases
Have 8 valence electrons. (Complete Octet)
Generally NOT reactive.
*** Under extreme conditions Kr and Xe have been
made to react with Flouring and Oxygen. This is why
they have oxidation numbers other than 0.***
38.
39. Chemistry of Groups
Transition Metals
d sublevel elements
Lanthanide Series
Actinide Series
f sublevel elements
40. Chemistry of Groups
Groups 3 to 12
◦ Transition Metals
Generally exhibit positive oxidation numbers.
All contain electrons that are “bounced” between
two outer principal energy levels; as a result
these elements are usually in a constant semi-
excited state.
Solutions of these elements are usually colorful.
41. Chemistry of a Period
As one progresses from left to right along
the periodic table:
◦ There is a change from + to – oxidation states.
◦ There is a change in characteristics from:
Very Less Less Very Noble
Reacti Reacti Metalloi Reactive Reactive (Inert)
ve ve ds (Nonmetals (Nonmetals Gases
(Metal (Metal ) )
s) s)
42. Do Now
Elements with atomic number 112 and 114 have
been produces and their IUPAC names are
pending approval. However, an element that would
be put between these two elements on the periodic
table has not yet been produced. If produced this
element will be identified by the symbol Uut until an
IUPAC name is approved.
◦ Determine the charge of the Uut nucleus. Include both the
numerical value and the sign of the charge.
◦ Identify one element that would be chemically related to
Uut.
43. Do Now
Elements with atomic number 112 and 114 have
been produces and their IUPAC names are
pending approval. However, an element that would
be put between these two elements on the periodic
table has not yet been produced. If produced this
element will be identified by the symbol Uut until an
IUPAC name is approved.
◦ Determine the charge of the Uut nucleus. Include both the
numerical value and the sign of the charge.
+113
◦ Identify one element that would be chemically related to
Uut.
Any element of Group 13; B, Al, Ga, In, Tl
44. Using the Periodic Table to
predict Chemical Formulas
Water (H2O) is formed by the sharing of
electrons so that each atom can try to
emulate the outer shell electron
configuration of a noble gas (complete
octet)
◦ Hydrogen (H) tries to be like Helium (He)
◦ Oxygen (O) tries to be like Neon (Ne)
Covalent
Bond
We will explore this further when we start to learn about
45. Using the Periodic Table to
predict Chemical Formulas
Hydrogen belongs to Group 1 which form
+1 ions.
Oxygen belongs to Group 16 which form -2
ions.
Nonmetal
46. Using the Periodic Table to
predict Chemical Formulas
Ice melt (CaCl2) is formed by the electromagnetic
attraction between positive ions forms by a metal
and the negative ions formed by a nonmetal.
◦ Calcium (Ca) loses its 2 electrons to become the
Ca+2 ion in order to be like the Noble gas Argon
(Ar)
2-8-8-2 2-8-8
2-8-8
◦ Chlorine (Cl) gains an electron to becom the Cl-1
ion in order to be like Argon (Ar) as well.
2-8-8
2-8-7 2-8-8
47. Using the Periodic Table to
predict Chemical Formulas
Metal Nonmetal
Ionic
Bond
48. Using the Periodic Table to
predict Chemical Formulas
Predict the chemical formulas for the following…
K+1 P-3 Beryllium and Carbon
Mg+2 Cl-1 Cesium and Fluorine
Ca+2 S-2 Group 13 (X) and
Group 16 (M)
B+3 O-2
49. Using the Periodic Table to
predict Chemical Formulas
What would be the general formula of a
Group 2 element (represented by M)
combined with chlorine of Group 17?
What would be the general formula of a
group 16 element (represented by X)
combined with sodium of group 1?
50. Using the Periodic Table to
predict Chemical Formulas
In the 19th century, Dmitri Mendeleev
predicted the existence of a then unknown
element X with a mass of 68. He also
predicted thant an oxide of X would have
the formula X2O3 . On the modern periodic
table, what is the group number and period
number of element X.
51. Using the Periodic Table to
predict Chemical Formulas
What groups do the elements of the folwing
compound belong to?
◦ Mg3P2
◦ AlBr3
◦ GaN
◦ CH4
52. Isoelectricity
Ions and atoms (noble gases) that
contain the same number of electrons.
◦ Example;
K+1, S-2, and Ar are isoelectronic because they
each contain 18 electrons.
Ge-4, Br-1, Rb+1, Sr+2, and Kr are
isonelectronic because they contain 36
electrons.
53. Practice question
Ions are isoelectronic when they contain the same
number of electrons. Which of the following ions
are isoelectronic?
◦ Mg+2, Cl-1, Al+3, K+, S-2, Ba+2
For each of the preceding ions name the nobles
gas with which they are isoelectronic with.
54. Metals and Conductivity.
In terms of electrons, why are metals
good conductors of electricity?
◦ The valence electrons of metals are
mobile and form an electron “cloud”
around the metallic bonds of a given
metal element.
This “cloud” of mobile electrons also serves in
the thermal conductivity of metals.
55. To get these slides go to…
http://mrmartinschemistryblog.blogspot.c
om