The document summarizes the classification and properties of elements on the periodic table. It describes how elements are arranged by period and group based on their atomic number and valence electrons. Metals are generally located on the left side of the periodic table, are solids, shiny, good conductors, malleable and ductile. Non-metals are usually located on the right side, can exist as solids, liquids or gases, are poor conductors and have many valence electrons. Metalloids border the zigzag line and have properties of both metals and non-metals.

1. Notes: Classifying the Elements CW: Concept Map H: Properties of Metals and Nonmetals

2. Classification of Elements January 9, 2009

3. Objectives Describe characteristics of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids Define period, periodic law, family, malleable, ductile Describe how elements are arranged on the periodic table

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5. Henry Mosley (1914) Determined that each atom has a unique number of positive charges. Discovered isotopes Rearranged Mendeleyev’s table by their atomic number

6. Periodic Law Because properties of elements repeated in an orderly way, it was called periodic . Properties of elements are a function of their atomic numbers.

7. Elements are arranged: Vertically into Groups or Families Horizontally Into Periods

8. Electrons in the outer most energy level of an atom are called ________ electrons . A. valence B. oxidation C. superior D. bonding

9. Every element in a family has the same number of valence electrons

10. The group 2 atoms all have 2 valence electrons Be (Beryllium) Atom Mg (Magnesium) Atom

11. Starting at the left of each period, the pattern of valence electrons is A. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B. 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C. 0 1 2 3 4 3 2 1 D. 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4

12. Each atom has the same number of electron shells .

13. The period 4 atoms each have 4 electron containing shells K (Potassium) Atom Fe (Iron) Atom Kr (Krypton) Atom 4 th Shell

14. Metals shiny (they have luster) solids at room temperature good conductors malleable - capable of being hammered out into thin sheets ductile - drawn out into wire or threads

15. Located to the left of the zigzag line Most elements are metals Usually have few valence electrons

16. Non-metals Can be found as solids, liquids, or gases at room temperature Typically dull and brittle Poor conductors All non-metals except hydrogen are found on the right side of the zigzag line Many valance electrons

17. Metalloids Border both sides of the zigzag line each has some of the properties of a metal and non metal can become good conductors under certain conditions such as high temperatures Also called semiconductors

18. The British scientist who rearranged the periodic table according to the atomic numbers of elements A. JJ Thomson B. Henry Moseley C. Ernest Rutherford

19. The periodic law states that the physical and chemical properties are periodic functions of their A. valences B. atomic mass C. atomic numbers D. atomic size