Unit Number 3 - Data collection and Statistical Analysis

1. Research Methodology Sunita Milind Dol
Page 1
Unit III: Data collection
1. List and explain the static characteristics of instruments.
2. List and explain the dynamic characteristics of instruments.
3. Define sampling and list out the difference between stratified and quota
sampling.
4. Differentiate between correlation and regression with suitable example.
5. Describe Chi-Square test and z-Test.
6. Differentiate between primary and secondary data.
7. Compare and contrast one-tailed and two-tailed data.
8. Calculate the mean and median of the data set given below-
a. 5, 5, 5, 5, 5
b. 3, 4, 5, 6,7
9. What is calibration of instruments and describe the procedure for calibration of
devices.
10. List and explain the steps of sampling design.
11. Explain the following terms
a. Sampling error
b. Non-sampling error
c. Probability sampling
d. Non-probability sampling
12. Explain the following terms related hypothesis testing
a. Null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis
b. The level of significance
c. Decision rule or test of hypothesis
d. Type-I and Type-II errors
e. Two-tailed and One-tailed tests
13. What do you mean by ‘Sample Design’? What points should be taken into
consideration by a researcher in developing a sample design for this research
project.
14. How would you differentiate between simple random sampling and complex
random sampling designs? Explain clearly giving examples.

2. Research Methodology Sunita Milind Dol
Page 2
15. Why probability sampling is generally preferred in comparison to non-
probability sampling? Explain the procedure of selecting a simple random
sample.
16. Under what circumstances stratified random sampling design is considered
appropriate? How would you select such sample? Explain by means of an
example.
17. Distinguish between:
a. Restricted and unrestricted sampling;
b. Convenience and purposive sampling;
c. Systematic and stratified sampling;
d. Cluster and area sampling.
18. Examine the merits and limitations of the observation method in collecting
material. Illustrate your answer with suitable examples.
19. Describe some of the major projective techniques and evaluate their
significance as tools of scientific social research.
20. How does the case study method differ from the survey method? Analyse the
merits and limitations of case study method in sociological research.
21. Clearly explain the difference between collection of data through
questionnaires and schedules.
22. Discuss interview as a technique of data collection.
23. Write short notes on:
a. Depth interviews;
b. Important aspects of a questionnaire;
c. Pantry and store audits;
d. Thematic Apperception Test;
e. Holtzman Inkbolt Test.
24. What are the guiding considerations in the construction of questionnaire?
Explain.
25. Distinguish between an experiment and survey. Explain fully the survey
method of research.
26. 1. Distinguish between the following:
a. Null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis;
b. One-tailed test and two-tailed test;
c. Type I error and Type II error;
d. Acceptance region and rejection region;

3. Research Methodology Sunita Milind Dol
Page 3
References
1. C.R. Kothari ,"Research Methodology: Methods and Trends", New Age
International,2004