This document provides an introduction to paediatrics, including its meaning, definition, importance, and historical background. It discusses modern concepts of child care, internationally accepted rights of the child, national policies and legislation related to child health, and national programs and agencies that support child welfare services. Paediatrics aims to promote optimal health, growth, and development of children and adolescents.
it is coming under the National ruler health mission. every year various guidelines are published by CENTRAL GOVERNMENT to improve the condition of children.
it is coming under the National ruler health mission. every year various guidelines are published by CENTRAL GOVERNMENT to improve the condition of children.
Complementary and Alternative Modalities is a treatment techniques whose goals are to evoke healing, taking into account the body-mind-spirit connection of every individual. it is a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practice and products that are not generally considered part of conventional medicine.
Objective: At the end of this unit, the students will be able to:
Describe internationally accepted rights of child
Discuss national policies, legislation and agencies related to child welfare
Explain National Health Programs related to child health
Enumerate changing trends in child health
Outline child morbidity and mortality
Describe the ethics in Pediatric Nursing
National health programs are one of the measures taken by the government of India to improve the health status of the people.National health Programs useful to controlling or eradicating diseases which cause considerable morbidity and mortality in India
which are either centrally sponsored
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Preventive pediatrics in Child Health NursingDhara Vyas
Preventive pediatrics has been defined as the prevention of diseases and the promotion of physical, mental, and social well-being for children to reach optimal growth and development.
Complementary and Alternative Modalities is a treatment techniques whose goals are to evoke healing, taking into account the body-mind-spirit connection of every individual. it is a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practice and products that are not generally considered part of conventional medicine.
Objective: At the end of this unit, the students will be able to:
Describe internationally accepted rights of child
Discuss national policies, legislation and agencies related to child welfare
Explain National Health Programs related to child health
Enumerate changing trends in child health
Outline child morbidity and mortality
Describe the ethics in Pediatric Nursing
National health programs are one of the measures taken by the government of India to improve the health status of the people.National health Programs useful to controlling or eradicating diseases which cause considerable morbidity and mortality in India
which are either centrally sponsored
THIS SLIDE IS PREPARED BY SURESH KUMAR FOR MY STUDENT SUPPORT SYSTEM TO WATCH THIS VIDEO VISIT YOUTUBE CHANNEL- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3tfqlf__moHj8s4W7w6HQQ
YOU CAN JOIN FACEBOOK GROUP FOR MORE SUCH VIDEOS BY THIS LINK- https://www.facebook.com/groups/241390897133057/
FOR MAKING EASY NOTES YOU CAN ALSO VISIT MY BLOG - https://mynursingstudents.blogspot.com/
Instagram- https://www.instagram.com/mystudentsupportsystem_nursing/
Twitter-https://twitter.com/student_system?s=08
,#Mystudentsupportsystem,#COMMUNITYNEEDASSESSMENT,#CNA,#phc,#chc, #continuingeducation, #PLA,
#survey, #communityhealth, #communityhealthnursing, #femalehealthworker,#anm, #homehealthcare
Preventive pediatrics in Child Health NursingDhara Vyas
Preventive pediatrics has been defined as the prevention of diseases and the promotion of physical, mental, and social well-being for children to reach optimal growth and development.
Mother & Child is a vulnerable group. But many areas concerned with the health of these groups are preventable. This presentation helps you identify preventive aspects in pediatrics.
PATIENTS RIGHTS & CONSUMER PROTECTION Nursing Management - Gowdham PK Gowdham P
Right to access medical care
Patients have a right to receive treatment irrespective of their type of primary and associated illnesses, socioeconomic status, age, gender, sexual orientation, religion, caste, cultural preferences, linguistic and geographical origins or political affiliations. All hospitals both in the government and in the private sector are duty bound to provide basic Emergency Medical Care to injured persons irrespective of paying capacity. So it is duty of the hospital management to ensure provision of such emergency care through its doctors and staff, provided promptly without compromising on the quality and safety of the patients.
Right to information
Every patient has a right to adequate relevant information about the nature, cause of illness, provisional / confirmed diagnosis, proposed investigations, risks, benefits, expected treatment outcomes and possible complications to enable them to make informed decisions, and involve them in the care planning and delivery process and it shall be explained at their level of understanding in language known to them. Every patient and his/her designated caretaker have the right to complete information on the expected cost of treatment based on factual evidences. Patients and their caretakers also have a right to know the identity of various care providers and Doctors / Consultants who are primarily responsible for his / her treatment.
Right to records and reports
Patient’s or their authorized individuals have the right to access the original copy of their all-medical records (during period of admission, preferably within 24 hours and after discharge, within 72 hours) and request to receive a copy of their clinical records. The relatives / caregivers of the patient have a right to get discharge summary or in case of death, death summary along with original copies of investigations.
Right to confidentiality, human dignity and privacy
All patients have a right to privacy and medical information of the patient given to a health care provider shall not be divulged to others unless the patient gives his consent to disclose such information to other. Female patients have the right to presence of another female person during physical examination by a male practitioner. The hospital management has a duty to ensure that its staff upholds the human & personal dignity, respecting special needs such as spiritual and cultural preferences of every patient in all situations. All records & data concerning the patient shall be kept restricted and insulated from data theft and leakage.
Right to second opinion
Patient has the right to a seek a second opinion on medical condition form a doctor or hospital of his/her choice. Doctors and the hospital must respect patient’s decision to seek a second opinion and shall provide all necessary records and information to the patients caregivers without any extra cost or delay. Right to safety and quality care according to standards Patients have a right to safety
MATERNAL & CHILD HEALTH PROGRAMME IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
According to W.H.O. (1976) Maternal & child health services can be defined as “promoting, preventing, therapeutic or rehabilitation facility or care for the mother & child.” Thus maternal & child health services is an important & essential services related to mother & child’s overall development.
6. Reduce maternal, perinatal, infant & child mortality & morbidity rates. Child survival. Promoting reproductive health or safe motherhood. Ensure birth of healthy child.
7. Prevent malnutrition. Prevent communicable disease. Early diagnosis & treatment of the health problems. Health education & family planning services.
8. The MCH service are rendered through the infrastructure of P.H.C. & sub centers. It is proposed to set up one P.H.C. & sub-centers. It is proposed to set up one P.H.C. for every 30,0000 population, & one sub-centers for every 3000 to 5000 population. Each sub-centers are foundation of national health system. Each sub-sub-center is manned by a team of one male & female health worker. In addition there is a team of one trained Dai & one health guidein every village.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
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Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
3. Contents
Introduction of Peadiatrics.
Meaning of peadiatrics.
Definition of peadiatrics.
Importance of paediatrics.
Historical background of peadiatrics.
Modern concepts of child care.
Internationally accepted rights of child care.
National policy and legislation in relation to child
health and welfare .
National legislation related to child health,
National programmes related to child health and
welfare.
Agencies related to welfare services to the children
4. INTRODUCTION
Paediatric nursing is the specialized
area of the nursing practice concerning
the care of children during wellness and
illness, which includes preventive,
promotive, curative and rehabilitative
care of children.
5. The term paediatrics is derived
from the Greek word ‘’Pedia ‘’ (meaning a
child or pertaining to a child ) ‘’iatrike ‘’
( treatment ) and ‘’ics ‘’ (meaning a branch
of science .
6. DEFINITION
Paediatrics is concerned with
the health of infants , children,
adolescents and their growth &
development and their attaining
full potential as adult .
7. IMPORTANCE OF PAEDIATRICS
Major consumers of health care.
35 – 40 of total population are children below the
age of 15.
More vulnerable to various health problems.
Majority of Childs morbidity & mortality preventable.
Needs special care to survive & thrive.
8. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF
CHILD HEALTH
Abraham Jacob is known as FATHER OF PEDIATRICS
The first citation of quality of breast milk and child hygiene
was 225 BC. in Indian SUSURTA SAMHITA
Hippocrates a Greek philosopher also known as father of
modern medicine has made significant contribution to
diseases found in children.
The first Indian paediatrician were kashyapa and Jevaka
they worked on children diseases and child care.
9. Historical background – cont’d
The first manuscript on management of children
diseases was written by kashyapa and Samhita.
• Charaka was the physician of Peshawar. He wrote on
care and management of newborn.
• Arab physician Rhazes wrote the first book on the
diseases of children.
10. Historical background – cont’d
• In 1545 Ad.Thomas Phare wrote the first book in English on
children’s disease.
• In 1802 first paediatric hospital was opened in Paris .
• The first paediatric hospital was the Children’s Hospital of
Pennsylvania, founded in 1855.
• In 1920 the first crèche was opened in India to provide day care
to children.
12. CONCEPTS OF CHILD CARE
Health is a complex phenomenon.
Health is the fundamental right of every human
being.
‘‘A healthy child becomes a healthy citizen , and a
healthy citizen makes a healthy nation.’’
Health is defined by WHO, it is ‘‘a state of complete
physical , mental, social and spiritual well-being and
not merely the absence of disease’’.
13. MODERN CONCEPT OF CHILD CARE
Child health nursing is undergoing tremendous advancement
in paediatric medicine and surgery.
Child care has a prime importance as the mortality and
morbidity rates are highest in this group and most of the
diseases are preventable.
The goal of Paediatric nursing is to foster the growth and
development of the child and promote an optimum state of
health physically, mentally and socially.
Holistic view of health Widely accepted term, ”Wholeness”. It
is a philosophy believes in an integration and harmonious
balance of body, mind and spirit to maintain or regain health.
14. Modern concept – cont’d
Areas to be considered: Health promotion, Prevention of illness,
Health maintenance, Health restoration.
Caring the health care of the child from the day of conception.
Participate in the prevention of illness and health promotion
activities.
Comprehensive care of the child in his home through community
health centers.
Flexibility in hospital setting.
Health oriented.
Warmth and love oriented.
15. Modern concept – cont’d
Health promotion activities, services related to fertility, sex
education and counselling.
Safe guard and protect the children's right by health
providing, cultural practice and laws encouraging.
The Nurse must observe the state of the child’s health illness
state, his strength and weakness, and the effectiveness of
coping mechanism.
The nurse must have patience and emotional balance, while
dealing with children and their parents especially in critically
ill cases.
17. RIGHTS OF CHILDREN
Human rights, which are essential for total
personal development , belong to everyone –
children and adults, men and women, well
and ill person and individuals of all races.
Children have rights in the areas specific to
knowledge of their state of health or illness,
decisions regarding treatment modalities and
counselling .
18. INTERNATIONALLY ACCEPTED RIGHTS OF
CHILD CARE -cont’d
On 20th Nov, 1959 the 14th general assembly of the
united Nations approved the declaration of the rights
of the child .
The right to affection , love and understanding.
The right to adequate nutrition and medical care .
The right to free education .
The right to full opportunity for play and recreation .
The right to a name and nationality.
The right to special care if child is handicapped.
19. INTERNATIONALLY ACCEPTED RIGHTS OF
CHILD CARE
The right to be among the 1st to receive relief in times of
disaster
The right to learn to be a useful member of society and to
develop individual abilities.
The right to be brought up in a spirit of peace and
brotherhood .
The right to enjoy these rights, regardless of race, colour,
sex, religion, national or social origin.
All children shall be entitled to these
rights without discrimination .
21. NATIONAL POLICY AND LEGISLATION IN
RELATION TO CHILD HEALTH AND
WELFARE
In India, several measures have undertaken by the
national government to improve the health of the people.
Now a days , much importance has been given for the
care of children because ‘’Today ’s children are the
citizen’s of tomorrow ’’.
So to improve the health of the children , the
government of India adopted a ‘’National policy for
children in Aug-1974 ‘’.
22. National policy & programme
Programmes in National policy for children :-
Government of India has introduced a number
of programmes in national policy for children . They
are as follows :
ICDS Scheme (integrated child development services).
Child welfare services .
Welfare of the Handicapped children .
CSSM Programme (child survival and safe
motherhood).
23. National policy & program – cont’d
I) ICDS SCHEME (Integrated child development
services scheme)
i) Supplementary nutrition .
ii) Immunization .
iii) Health check up and health records .
iv) Nutrition and health education .
v) Non-formal pre-school education .
24. National policy & program – cont’d
II) CHILD WELFARE SERVICES : -
They are child welfare agencies in India. They are as
follows:
i)Indian Council for child welfare (ICCW).
ii)Central social welfare board .
iii)Kasturba Gandhi memorial Trust.
iv)Indian Red cross society .
25. National policy & program – cont’d
III) WELFARE OF THE HANDICAPPED CHILDREN :
Handicap is defined as a disadvantage for a given
individual resulting from an impairment or a disability that
limits or prevents the fulfilment of a role that is normal for
that individual.
One of the objective of child health services is the
prevention of handicapping condition. Government has
taken initiative for the prevention of handicaps. They are
--- Primary prevention
--- Secondary prevention.
26. National policy & programme – cont’d
Primary prevention :-
a) Genetic counselling
b) At risk approach
c) Immunization
d) Nutrition
e) Others
27. National policy & programme
2) Secondary prevention :
The broad objectives for all children
whatever their condition or problem are to
bring them as close to normality as possible,
physically, mentally and socially. It includes
a) Early diagnosis of handicap
b) Treatment
C) Training & Education
28. National policy & programme – cont’d
IV) Child survival & safe motherhood programme (CSSM):
This programme are mainly beneficial for
mother and also children . The package services under
CSSM is available for children’s are :
a) Essential Newborn care
b) Immunization
c) Appropriate management of diarrhoea
29. National policy & programme –cont’d
d) Appropriate management of ARI
e) Vitamin A prophylaxis
It is estimated that a large number of children
suffer from clinical deficiency of Vit A under the
programme , 5 doses of Vit .A are given to all children
under 3 years of age .
31. NATIONAL LEGISLATION RELATED
TO CHILD HEALTH
Today children are recognized as complete persons
and they have legal and constitutional rights that are
independent from their parents
When the children are too young to care for
themselves.
Parents or their substitutes are required to provide
food , clothing , shelter , education and medical care
for them.
They are also expected to consider love, support and
protection .
There are many laws formulated by the Government
to protect the rights of children .
32. National Legislation – cont’d
i) The child labour act
ii) The children act
iii) Juvenile justice act
iv) Child abuse prevention and treatment act
v ) Health maintenance organization act (1975)
vi) Education for all handicapped children act-
1973:-
34. Introduction
National health programme , which have been
launched by the central government for the control /
eradication of communicable disease , improvement of
environmental sanitation , nutrition , control of
population and rural health. Various international
agencies like WHO, UNICEF, WORLD BANK have
been providing technical and material assistance in the
implementation of these programmes.
35. National programmes – cont’d
National malarial eradication programme
National Goitre control programme
Mid-day meal programme
Vitamin – A prophylaxis programme
Integrated child development services scheme
National Diarrheal disease control programme
National Anemia control programme
National Filaria control programme
Reproductive and child health programme
39. Voluntary Health Agencies
1) Indian council for child welfare
(ICCW )
2)Central social welfare board
3)Kasturba Gandhi Memorial Trust
4) Indian Red Cross Society
5)Tuberculosis Associations of India
6)Bharat sevak samaj
7)All India Blind Relief Society
8)The Hindu Kush Nivaran Sangh
41. INVOLUNTARY AGENCIES
( WHO) world health organization
FAO (food and agricultural organization)
UNICEF ( United Nations International
Children Emergency Fund)
CARE (co-operative for assistance and relief
every where)
USAID (the united states agency for
international development)
42. Conclusion
Paediatrics is concerned with the health of
infants, children and adolescents, their growth and
development, and their opportunity to achieve full
potential as adults. Child health nursing is
undergoing tremendous advancement in paediatric
medicine and surgery. Child care has a prime
importance as the mortality and morbidity rates are
highest in this group and most of the diseases are
preventable.