3rd year nursing

1. Prepared By Mr. Parv Joshi
Shivam College Of Nursing

2. The health of children has
historically been of vital importance to
all societies because children are the
basic resources of the future of
mankind. In any country, mothers and
children constitute approximately 60%
of the population.
In India, women of child bearing age
(15-44 years) constitute 19% of the
population and children under 15 years
of age constitute about 59% of the total
population.
By virtue of their large number as
well as because of being vulnerable to
diseases, mothers and children are the
major consumers of health services.

3. definition
The word “pediatric” is derived from
Greek word ‘pedia’ meaning child and
‘iatri’ means treatment and ‘ics’
meaning branch of science.
Thus, pediatric is defined as the
branch of medical science that deals
with child development and care and
with the disease of childhood and their
treatment.

4. Pediatrics refers to the
comprehensive and continued care of
children. It serves both in wellness
and illness.
Abraham Jacob is known as the
‘Father of pediatrics’ because of his
many contribution to the field.

5. Historical background of child
health
The continuance of any society
depends on the succeeding generations.
Since primitive times, welfare of children
has been a sensitive index of general
welfare of people.
In India and abroad pediatric
population includes children up to
adolescent age. Previously pediatrics
was limited to curative care. Many
citations of child care found in records of
ancient civilization.

6. • The first citation of qualities of breast milk and
child hygiene was in 225 BC in Indian ‘Susruta
Sanhita’.
• Hippocrates, a Greek philosopher, also known
as ‘Father of Modern Medicine’ has made
significant contributions on diseases found in
children.
• The first Indian Pediatrician were Kashyapa
and Jeevaka. They worked on children
diseases and child care.
• The first manuscript on management of
children diseases was written by Kashyapa and
Samhita. Thereafter, Susruta and Samhita
wrote about Ayurvedic medicine that can be
used for children. It was the first written record
of pediatrics anywhere in the world. Susruta
was known as ‘Indian Hippocrates’. He wrote
on child rearing practice, infant feeding and
disease of childhood.

7. • Charak, was the court physician of
Peshawar. He wrote on ‘care and
management of newborn in his
Sansthan and Ashtanga-hridaya.
• Arab physician Rhazes wrote the first
book on the disease of children.
• In 1472 AD, first book written on
pediatrics named ‘Bagallarder’s’ was
printed in Italian. This book was related
to diseases of children.
• In 1545 AD, Thomas Phare wrote the
first book in English on children’s
diseases.
• In 1802 first pediatric hospital was
opended in Paris. In USA Childen’s
Hospital of Philadelphia was opened.

8. • Pediatrics as speciality came into being in
1860, when Dr Abraham Jacob established first
child clinic in New York and startedgiving
special lectures on disesess of children.
• In 1888 AD the first department of pediatrics
was established in Harvard Medical School. At
this time, it was realized that diseases of
children are different from diseases of adults.
• In the 19th century, antenatal care and pediatric
care developed. Slowly people started realizing
about children’s needs. The Lady Chelmsford
All India League for Maternal and Child Welfare
was established in 1920. efforts were made by
the league to create public awareness about
health problems of children by putting
exhibitions, publishing a journal and celebrating
baby weeks.
• In 1923, the first creche was opened in India to
provide day care to children.

9. Modern pediatrics
It is difficult to say, when pediatrics
became a separate specialty. It
developed gradually as the knowledge of
developmental needs of children
increased in society. Pediatrics as a
specialty developed with establishment
of department of Pediatrics in various
medical colleges, establishment of
separate pediatrics units for children in
general hospitals and fondling homes.
Today we no longer consider consider
children as miniature adults. Childhood is
considered a separate phase of life.

10. The present concept of health
care of child focuses on prevention
of illness and promotion of health
rather than treatment of illnesses
alone. Present focus of pediatrics is
shifting from traditional to process
oriented one that is based on sound
scientific rationale.
Focus of pediatrics is shifting:

11. Shift from Focus on
1. Disease centered care Child centered care within the family system.
2. Discouraging the families on neglect of female
child
Taking special care of female child as she is
future mother.
3. Starting care for woman after she became
pregnant
Health education on planned parenthood and
guarding maternal health before conception.
4. Special care of the sick child in hospital Comprehensive care of the child from the day of
conception throughout the developmental years
of childhood.
5. Caring for the physical condition of the child in
isolation.
Holistic care of the child that is family centered.
6. Illness oriented care. Health promotion oriented care.
7. Not allowing parents to be with the child in
hospital and having rigid visiting hours.
Ensuring that child must have one parent with
him/her in the hospital and having flexible
visiting hours.
8. Care was only hygiene and treatment
oriented.
Warmth and love oriented.
9. Providing routine care. Quality care in terms of ply, recreation, nutrition
etc.
10. Traditional practices. Evidenced based practice.

12. Pediatric nursing
Pediatric nursing is the branch of
nursing concerned with care of infants
and children. It focuses on providing
holistic care to infants, children and
adolescents. The goal of pediatric
nursing is to foster growth and
development of the child and promote
optimum state of physical, mental and
social wellness.

13. Current concepts of pediatric
nursing
A – Advocate for child and family
C – Communicate for the child
A - Activate the Child’s activities
D – Disseminate information related to
child health programs
E – Educate the public about child health
M – Motivate people to participate in child
care
I – Investigate available resources
C - Collaborate care